ISSN0307-4811

30p

CONTENTS

Doing, Learning, Teaching

The Part & the Whole

Evaluation of Diets

Why the C.A.P. still dosn't suit the Cow

Biofuels

Vegan Self-sufficiency

Recipes, Gleanings Letters & Shopping

VEGAN SOCIETY LIMITED President: S. Coles Vice-Presidents: E. Batt, J. Dinshah, C. Nimmo, W. Simmons,

M. Simmons. Council:

Hon. Treasurer: Hon. Secretary: Asst. Secretary:

D. Barrett, S. Coles, V. Dawson, C. Hall, K. Jannaway, T. Key, K. Manners, L. Munn, R. Dawson, G. Smith, K. Stallwood, A. Torgut. J . Cummins K. Jannaway, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey. L. Main, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, K T 2 2 8 N Q

nr. Machynlleth, Gwynedd, SY20 9LW, Wales SUBSCRIPTIONS: Full or Associate Members or Journal Subscribers £3.00 minimum, unless unwaged or sharing journal with member living at the same address, when £1.50 will be accepted. Please send to Membership Secretary, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 8NQ. Please note Full Membership is given to practising vegans, see definition below. Associates are very welcome.

EDITOR of 'THE VEGAN',the quarterly journal : K. Jannaway, who does not necessarily agree with all opinions expressed or endorse advertisements.

PUBLISHED: 2lst March, June, September, December COPY REQUIRED: 1st of preceding month

The Vegan Society was formed in 1944 by vegetarians who became aware of the suffering inseparable from the dairy industry, and decided to omit all animal products from their diet. Its advantages as regards human health and the wise use of resources are now being recognised. In 1964 it was granted Charity status and, in 1979, became a Company Limited by Guarantee. Its declared object is 'to further knowledge of, and interest in, sound nutrition in veganism, and the vegan method of agriculture. ' Veganism is defined as a way of living on the products of the plant kingdom, to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, animal milk and its derivatives, (the taking of honey being left to Individual conscience). It encourages the study and use of alternatives from all commodities normally derived wholly or partly from animals. Free from commitment to any religious, political, philosophical, social, dietary or medical group, the Vegan Society challenges all those who preach compassion, but still base their lives on the cruel practises inseparable from meat and milk production. It endeavours to co-operate with all those who work for a more compassionate world. Full information in return for s .a . e. to Hon. Secretary, at the above address.

DOING, limim, INCHING. According to a front page article in the "Meat Trades Journal" of April 12th, the livestock farmers and butchers are getting worried. A recent Gallup Poll spon-sored by the Realeat Company which manufacturers Vegeburgers, revealed a dramatic drop in the consumption of animal products during the last four years. Seventeen million Britons have reduced their meat consumption and there could be as many as 70,000 vegans and 1,100,000 vegetarians in the country! "The trend is most pronounced in the 16 - 24 age group - the consumers of the future". "The shift is motivated by serious, but piecemeal, concern over such things as coronaries, the ethics of killing and domestic economics". "Growing numbers simply view animal farming as an immoral, unethical and unnecessary practice. " If this trend continues to accelerate the primary object of most vegans - the bringing to an end of the exploitation of animals in the meat and dairy industries - could be achieved in the lifetime of some of those active today. The early vegans will be proved to have been "not way out, but "way ahead". We must redouble our efforts to reveal the cruelties inseparable from the meat and dairy industries and to encourage manufacturers to provide alternative products that, like the Vegeburgers and soya milks now appearing on supermarket shelves, will appeal to the palates Of the majority of people. The fact that it is likely that greater profits can be made out of vegan products once the mass market is open to them, will help. But we must prepare ourselves for the strong rear-guard action that is being launched by the livestock industries. The promotors will maintain that animal products are necessary for human health, and that the fertility of the soil can-not be maintained without them. They will point to the vast acreage that is un-suitable for arable crops. This is where the Vegan Society has a vital role to play. Its declared objects are "to-further knowledge of and interest in sound nutrition" and "the vegan method of agriculture" as well as to appeal for compassion for animals. Activity in these fields is of great importance. Well researched, planned and publicised it will do much to promote a sustainable future and, as an important by-product, confute our opponents. Many research projects now support the health-giving properties of the vegan diet. One of the latest and most encouraging is reported on pages 5 and 6^of this Journal. Information about others are given in the series of booklets pub-lished by the Society that have done much to build up its reputation as a reliable authority. Those wishing to promote veganism should learn the facts and teach them. Most importantly, they must adjust their own eating habits accordingly so that they and their children are obviously healthy advertisements for the diet. More than once I have had it said to me "Of course vegans are healthy, they think about what they eat:'" We must go on thinking - and learning, prac-tising and teaching. In the long run great disservice is going to be done' to the vegan way of life if, having been jerked out of one rut of unthinking eating, we fall into another. The Vegan Society has taught a diet based on a wide variety of plant foods balanced according to well researched findings, and eaten as

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* see page 15

fresh as possible, with a good proportion eaten raw, and with a dietary source of B added. It should be remembered that positive promotion of good health can ao much to combat the power of the vivisectors. There is growing conviction that health-giving plant foods can only be produced from healthy soils that have not been imbalanced by artificial ferti l isers or poisoned with pesticides and herbicides. The trend back to 'organic' methods is accelerating but these depend on animal exploitation. Much work needs to be done before we have a convincing body of evidence to support vegan alternatives. Pliease co-operate with the "Vegan Self-Sufficiency Network" - see pp 12 & 13. Our 1984 Frey Ellis Memorial Lecture on 'Biofuels', reported on pages 9 to 11 points to the importance of releasing land from unnecessary livestock farming if the future world energy needs are to be satisfied in a non-violent manner. Trees properly selected and managed could provide fuel in abundance and in many forms, as well as, at the same time, promoting environmental health. The Vegan Society Biofuels project at the National Centre for Alternative Tech-nology, The Quarry, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales, is placing this part of the case for veganism before over 60,000 visitors a year. The vegan methods of feeding and of producing food could, if spread through the world, do much to relieve the millions of human beings that suffer the extremes of deprivation in a world of potential plenty. Moreover, the compassion for all that suffers that lies at the heart of veganism is the only force that can direct creatively the enormous powers that science has placed in human hands. By making our intellect the tool of our compassion instead of our greed and our fear, we can create a Garden of Eden instead of a nuclear waste. The opportunities for doing, learning and teaching a re enormous. The Vegan Society will make a great contribution as it unites behind our new General Sec-retary, Barry Kew, who introduces himself in the next pages, and Laurence Main who has already proved his worth in many areas. Please make your support for them obvious in every way you can.

Kathleen Jannaway.

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT I would like to add my welcome to Barry Kew and my support for Laurence Main although I very much regret the resignation of Kathleen Jannaway. I want to thank the many people who have written to me during the last few months. Many of the letters have been wonderfully encouraging. I only wish I had had time to answer them all personally. I hope to see you all at the A. G. M. on November 10th. May the Society go forward through another period of positive growth and influence.

Serena Coles 2

The PART and the WHOLE. Hello, and let me say now that I feel honoured to. be taking up the position of General Secretary to the Vegan Society of which I have been a member for around seven years, since I was twenty-seven. My wife and I became vegetarians about one year before that after having as a guest at our home an old friend who in the years since we had last seen him had stopped eating meat. Our conversion was almost instant due to the apparent logic of his position, but while his reasons were a mixture of morality and health, ours were then, and in Our further progress to veganism, predominantly ethical. They remain so. The compass-ionate and total logic of veganism is irrefutable; its health benefits a wonderful bonus. Since 1978 we have lived in or near Spalding, Lincolnshire, where I have been teaching at a secondary school. During these six years we have also been running the NAVS Spalding branch, doing all that such a commitment entails;' talks, interviews, letters, leafletting, flag days, stalls, demonstrations and so on. We have also, in this harsh rural area, tried to put veganism into the minds of the locals, meeting different responses, success and failure, but knowing that along with the advent of other animal rights groups, wholefood shops and greater publicity has come more awareness and understanding. Over the past few days, since knowing of my appointment to this large job, I have been reading back through over five years of Vegan journals, and, taken like that, the effect can be awe-inspiring. As I write this I am conscious of the abilities, efforts, talents, enterprise, knowledge and achievements of those of you who make up this Society. I only hope that what I say here,and say and do in the future, continues the great tradition. Our individual veganism, our greatest asset, is both a protest and a lesson, yet

_ I know very well the difficulty of taking it effectively beyond our own lives so that others may understand and live by the same ethic. I know too that for many isolated vegans this task often seems almost impossible, faced as we all some-times a re by prejudice, tradition, ignorance, greed, blindness, selfishness,

i apathy, indifference, callousness, cruelty: all the prerequisites for a 'normal' ' happiness.

But much has been done. There remains even more to put right that vested ' interest wants kept wrong yet no real doubt exists in my mind that it will be done. ' Vegan principles will be understood and adopted by more and more people until I sanity and compassion are no longer construed as lunacy and Weakness, but as I the standards by which all else is measured. After all, what we present and | represent is the major comprehensive design for the healthy continued existence ' of this planet. i How easy it can be to preach like this to the converted I But faced with many

who seem without the faculties to understand - even after being persuaded to watch, say, the Animals Film - one might be forgiven for saying along with

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Ibsen that "the minority is always right". Though such thinking is dangerous I suggest it is safer at times for our own well-being than the depression which can sometimes threaten to hold us back. Obviously a holier than thou attitude is self defeating in the long run but even worse is debilitation. It is easier to come down off the mountain than to climb out of the pit, and it is more effective to offer a helping hand to others than to shout instructions at them from a distance. Our main role is indeed educational but there a re many teaching methods; each of us can play a part according to our natures and abilities. We have much on our side. There are many different aspects of veganism, many types of vegan diet, indeed many types of vegan. Such variety can only work in our favour, allowing us to tailor our message to satisfy and convince different audiences that it fits well their own preoccupations. Compassion, ethics, ecology, health; these are major issues that concern a growing number of people. All a re potential vegans, maybe yet only recognising just a part of the whole. By patience, well presented facts and practical advice we can make veganism an attractive proposition if only we avoid alienating those whom we hope to reach. Due to the ways of the world as it is, I believe we have a responsibility to present a respectable image, one which can and will be taken seriously and not cast out as undesirable or cranky. Moreover, as we grow in number the less obscure and strange we seem. It does no harm to see ourselves as others see us. Over the past several years I have given many talks on animal rights and, of course, have faced at times the tired old cliched responses ranging from the infuriating to the downright abusive. These are still to be expected though less and less often as time goes on. One gets used to them yet the ultimate cop-out sticks in my mind - "But its a cruel world, mate, " said as though this was unchangeable and as an excuse for a lack of commitment to do anything about it. Yet we know who makes it cruel. Some of the religious among us might believe that the world is not vegan at the present time due to a past accident and that accidents do not just happen, they a re caused. One is reminded of Bernard Shaw who, when told by an overweight character that he looked as if there was a famine in the land, replied "And you, sir , look like you are the cause of it. " We have such great men of history behind us - they provide us with a pedigree, a heritage, a strength and a knowledge that we're in the best company; that ours is the noblest cause. That children in school are not instructed as yet in such a tradition is a disgrace. That people in their growing years a re not directed towards works of compassion is lamentable and is to be rectified. I will end here with a quote from one such work which no doubt you will all know, Jon Wynne-Tyson's "Food for a Future" -

"Let us ask what is best - not what is customary. Let us love temperance - let us be just - let us refrain from bloodshed. " - Seneca.

I look forward to meeting you, and to working with you towards the better future, when no-one will need to push what, to us, is obvious.

4 Barry Kew.

EVALUATION OF DIETS A comparative evaluation of vegan, lacto-ovo-vegetarian, whole food omnivore and average omnivore diets was made last summer at Guilford University by Dr. Lockie and E. Carlson PhD., M. Kipps MSc., and J. Thomson PhD. It yielded results that are on the whole encouraging to vegans. 10 vegans (who had followed the diet for at least 5years), 9 lacto-vegetarians, 8 whole food omnivores and 10 average omnivores participated. The nutrient value of everything they ate for a period of nine days was calculated and detailed physical examinations were carried out. FATS AND SUGARS The report states "There is now extensive evidence linking diseases like CHD ( coronary heart disease ), hypertension ( high blood pressure )obesity, diabetes and dental caries to the levels of fats and sugars in the diet. The National Advisory Committee on Nutritional Education 1983 has recommended guide lines for the British diet in an effort to reduce risks. "

The Guildford investigation showed that , as regards fat , the vegan diet "was the only one to approximate to dietary goals while fat intake in the other three diets was undesirably high. " Sugar as a proportion of the total carbohydrate in the diet was lowest in the vegan. PROTEIN Although the vegan diet was significantly lower in protein it met the dietary requirements CHOLESTEROL The report supported the belief that high cholesterol levels in the blood were associated with a risk of coronary heart disease and stated that they can be favourably influenced by intakes of plant proteins and the complex carbohydrates from fruit, vegetables and whole grain cereals, and by eating less saturated fat. It should be realised that vegan margarines and cooking fats can be highly saturated either artificially to harden them or because they contain a large proportion of coconut or palm oil. The vegans in this study had lower blood cholesterol than the other groups. SODIUM AND POTASSIUM Recent evidence .according to the report, shows that salt restriction coupled with an increased intake of potassium helps to prevent high blood pressure which is believed to be a contributory factor to ischaemic heart disease, strokes and kidney damage. Although the salt level in the vegan diet was higher than desirable, its potassium level (from whole cereals, nuts, pulses, fresh fruit and vegetables) was such as to give a signif-icantly higher ratio of potassium to sodium. RIBOFLAVIN (vitamin B2) was significantly lower in the vegan diet - only 75% of the RDA * but there was no sign of deficiency in the vegans examined. Almonds and yeast are probably the best sources for vegans and whole wheat, pulses, mushrooms and dark greens are good. Riboflavin Is involved in the release of energy from food. One obvious sign of deficiency is cracked lips.

5 * Recommended daily allowance.

CALCIUM intakes were a little below RDA* in most of the vegans and fell to 41% and 30% in two lactating vegans. Almonds, molasses, haricot and soya beans, sesame seeds and brazil nuts are good sources. IRON intakes were high in the vegan diets but it is known that absorption of iron from plant sources is inhibited by associated phytates and oxalates. Two of the vegans were border line cases for anaemia and one was definitely anaemic. Good sources of iron are molasses, pumpkin and sesame seeds, lentils,almonds, figs and dark greens. Vitamin C aids absorption. VITAMIN C was highest in the vegan diet. FIBRE The proportion of dietary fibre in the vegan diet was higher than in the vegetarian and more than twice that in both omnivore groups. VITAMIN D was low in all the diets and it was commented "ultra violet light on the skin is the major source." VITAMIN B12 was only €9.9% of the RDA* among the vegans. A teaspoonful of Tastex or Ba:rmene yeast extract should supply ample- taken daily. SUPPLEMENTS Only 30% of the vegans participating in the project took sup-plements of various kinds as compared with 56% of the lacto-vegetarians, 50% of the wholefood omnivores and 20% of the omnivores.

K.J .

A.G.M.1984 The 5th Annual General Meeting of the Vegan Society Ltd (following the 35 AGMs of the previous Vegan Society) will be held at Fr iends Meeting House, 52 St. Martins Lane, Westminster, London, at 2 p. m. on Saturday, November 10th. Proposals for RESOLUTIONS should be sent to the Society's Registered Office, 47 Highlands Road, Leatherhead, Surrey, by August 1st 1984. Proposals for members to serve on the Council and as Officers of the Society must be sent not less than 3 days, and not more than 21 days, before the A.G. M. LONDON MEETINGS - 6.30 pm Mondays, June 25th, July 30th, & August 20th.. Fred Tallant Hall, 153 Drummond Street, NW1- 2nd turning on the right off Melton Street which is immediately on the left when facing Euston Station. Talks, discussions,food, literature. All welcome. OUR COVER PICTURE is of COMFREY, an invaluable plant to grow for liquid manure, though there has been some controversy about its use as a herbal medicine. Supplies and information from The Henry Doubleday Research Association, Convent Lane, Booking, Braintree, Essex. Stamps , to meet the cost of answering inquiries,,please.

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Why the C . A - P still doesn't suit the cow. There can be no doubt that over recent years the Common Agricultural Policy has been one of the major contributing factors in the increased exploitation of the dairy cow. Even though the quota of milk, that each country within the EEC can produce, has just been reduced, it looks as though there will be no respite. Previously under the Common Agricultural Policy, grants and subsidies con-tinued to r ise as farmers increased milk production. There was a financial incentive for increasing output, and farmers for years have been eagerly cashing in on the scheme. But while they've been lining their own purses, how has the legislation affected the unsuspecting cow; the innocent bystander caught up in the tangle - in demand for her milk and processed-milk products such as cheese, butter and yoghurt? It's meant an increase in intensive factory farming - in some cases cows being imprisoned in sheds where they stand all day with their fellow inmates filed in rows to make the job of cleaning and feeding easier, and so when their time's due they can be lead and attached to the milk pumps. Their young meanwhile, if "fortunate" enough to still be alive, cry for their mothers from a distant shed whilst being fed a milk substitute from a bottle or bucket, having been separated from their mothers within days of birth. The mother gives up her milk for human consumption - the young a re slaughtered or penned for veal. Some young females of course will be reared to take the place of their mothers who once they've reached the end of their lactating years will be processed into pet food or sold abroad. Some males will be castrated, and reared as beef -the few males that escape this trauma will service canvas "cows" and rubber tubes, their genes to be passed on manually. The legislation has resulted in a highly-bred "super cow" in order to satisfy profits. Using genetic manipulation and artificial insemination techniques, the cow's udder has been enlarged to the extent where it is now hideously disproportionate to the rest of the animal. The cow has in effect become a milk machine. A few statistics will verify this. In 1950 the average European cow produced 1,500 litres of milk every year. That had risen to 3,500 by 1980. Today it stands at over 5,000 litres. Over three times as much over a period of 35 years! What's more, annual yields of 8,000 litres are envisaged. And what has been the outcome of all this ? Apart from gross exploitation, a surplus of 1,000,000 tonnes of skimmed milk and 800,000 tonnes of butter in the European Community - the infamous milk lakes and butter mountains. At the beginning of April, the EEC Farm Ministers at last took a step towards reducing these excesses (though not of course through concern for the cows' welfare - or because the stockpiling is a horrifying waste of food - but because i t 's expensive to produce, store and ultimately destroy). They put

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restrictions on the amount of milk the European farmers could produce, introducing financial disincentives, whereby farmers would lose money if milk output rose above a specified amount. These new "quota levels" as they're called, are designed to reduce Community production of milk in 1984 from an estimated 108 million tonnes to 99. 5 million tonnes. This new figure, however, even if achieved, will not_ eliminate the surplus. Consumption stands at 87 million tonnes and is declining, despite the efforts of the various dairy industries to promote new dairy-based foods such as fizzy, flavoured milk drinks. This year there will still be an over-production of about 15% for which there is no market. While the farmers of the member countries fight amongst themselves and hold out vehemently against the EEC Farm Ministers' decisions, it is once again the cow that's forgotten. Milk production will fall but that doesn't mean to say that some of the pressure will be taken off the cow; that each animal will be expected to produce less. Intensive factory farming will continue, the mother and calf will still be ruthlessly exploited as ever before. The reduction in milk output will mean a reduction in numbers; an increase in heads on the chopping block, not only metaphorically speaking for the farmers with small holdings (who'll be driven out of business) but literally for the thousands of unprofitable cattle. In October and November of last year alone, British farmers, anticipating the policy changes, sent 35,000 calves to market - twice the number sent in 1982. Farmers also disposed of thousands of cows. Sir Stephen Roberts, Chairman of the Milk Marketing Board has been reported to have said that one-third of the cows slaughtered were in calf. Not really surprising if you consider that most cows a re pregnant for 9 out of every 12 months in order to produce the milk so keenly sought after. So the new policy, though reducing the residues, is no nearer to eliminating them and certainly offers no compensation to the cow. No doubt the beef market will be flooded due to the mass slaughter of cattle which will follow, raising the summit of the beef mountain which presently stands at 400,000 tonnes, and thereby in turn increasing the grain mountains due to the decline in demand for cattle feed. All eventually to be destroyed if markets cannot be found because transportation to Third World countries is deemed "costly" -not in terms of human or animal life, but in terms of profit.

BIOFUELS Some 60 people were present on May 3rd at the Friends Meeting House, Westminster, to hear Professor David Hall give the Frey Ellis Memorial Lecture. The Chair was taken by Serena Coles who since the death of Jack Sanderson last December has been President of the Vegan Society. Serena Coles paid tribute to both Jack Sanderson and Dr Frey Ellis as she welcomed Professor Hall. For those new to the Society it may be necessary to explain that Dr Frey Ellis was the consultant haemotologist for a group of Surrey hospitals who, as President of the Vegan Society from 1964-78, did much to establish its repu-tation in the scientific world. David Hall is Professor of Biology at King's College, University of London, and is known throughout the world as an authority on biofuels. In a lecture of masterly clarity and with the help of an amazing variety of slides, Professor Hall held the rapt attention of his audience for some I5 hours as he elucidated the associated problems of providing enough fuel and food to meet the requirements of the rapidly increasing world population. Professor Hall began by defining biomass as all the material derived from photosynthesis. Photosynthesis he described as the most marvellous process in life. All life on earth depends on the ability of the green chlorophyll membranes of plants, in the presence of sunlight, to split water and release oxygen, and to fix the carbon dioxide of the air into organic compounds. All life forms, thefood that sustains them, the oxygen they require to breathe, all the natural fibres we use, all fossil fuels, are the results of these chemical reactions. Moreover, the health of the biosphere is totally dependent on the cycling of CO , oxygen and water through plants in the process of photosynthesis. Every 300 years all the COg in the atmosphere is cycled through plants, every two thousand years all the oxygen, and every two million years all the water. Scare stories of the COg building up in the atmosphere and having disastrous effects are based on a poor appreciation of the role of plants in re-cycling CO^. Increased C 0 2 in the atmosphere can promote increased plant growth. The possibility of mimicking these fundamental processes of photosynthesis has fascinated scientists for many years but success so far has been of no practical significance. If only we could do what green plants do we could provide not only all the food we need, but also we could satisfy all our energy requirements. The prophecy made by Jules Verne that great science-fiction writer of over a century ago would then be fulfilled.

"I believe that water will one day be employed as fuel, that the hydrogen and oxygen which constitute it, used singly or together, will furnish an inexhaustible source of heat and light. "

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Meanwhile biomass mainly in the form of wood, but also as plant products and organic wastes of many kinds, provides 14% of the world's energy. This is only a small proportion of the solar energy that is fixed by plants which annually equals ten times the world's annual use. Moreover all the commercially extractable coal, oil and gas only have an energy content equal to the trees standing on the surface of the earth. Biomass as fuel is used mainly in the d eveloping world but even in the United States wood burning contributes as much energy as nuclear power. In some regions of the world there are problems of overuse and under supply, of biomass that a re very serious and a re bringing increasing hardship to millions of the world's poor. About half the trees cut down in the world today are simply burned for cooking and heating, but there is a whole range of technologies by means of which biomass can be converted into solid, gaseous and liquid fueland into electricity. Yet research in this area is, comparatively speaking, in the Stone Age! The possibilities for development a re enormous! There are of course also disadvantages. Some Advantages and Problems Foreseen in Biomass for Energy Schemes

Advantages 1. Stores energy 2. Renewable 3

Problems 1. Land and water use competition 2. Land areas required

Supply uncertainty in initial phases Versatile conversion and products 3. some products with high energy content

4. Dependent on technology already 4. Costs often uncertain available with minimum capital input; available to all income levels.

5. Can be developed with present man-5. power and material resources

6. Large biological and engineering 6. development potential

7. Creates employment and develops 7. skills

Fertilizer, soil and water require-ments Existing agricultural, forestry and social practices Bulky resource- transport and storage can be a problem

8. Reasonably priced in many instances

9. Ecologically inoffensive and safe 10. Does not increase atmospheric

CO„

8. Subject to climatic variability

9. Low conversion efficiencies 10. Seasonal (sometimes)

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Professor Hall devoted the rest of his talk to some of the many biomass for energy projects now being developed throughout the world. We have space to . mention only a few. The biggest programme is in Brazil where 5 billion litres of alcohol are being produced by the fermentation of sugar cane in an effort to lessen dependence on imported oil to run their transport system. In 1980 Zimbabwe opened an alcohol distillery which saves $10-12 million of foreign currency per annum. Nearly all the countries in Europe have energy from biomass schemes and now the idea is gaining acceptance that it might be sensible to support and extend such schemes instead of using land and other resources to produce millions of tons of food surplus to requirements. Recent studies in the U. S. A. looked at 25% ethanol with petrol in unmodified vehicles tests. After being driven 170, 000 miles it was.found that the vehicles "had significantly lower emissions, fuel economy changes were not measurable, reliability was not changed and drivability had not been substantially affected, alcohol had not adversely affected any metal or plastic parts, engine mainten-ance had not been affected, and so on".

Moreover Professor Hall said the lead in petrol could be removed by adding alcohol. "We could stop the lead problem tomorrow by adding 10% alcohol to petrol." Vegetable oils can be used instead of diesel in engines. "In sunny countries if a maize farmer devoted 10% of his land to growing sunflower or peanuts, he could run all the diesel powered machines he uses from the oil produced. " Sweden currently gets 9% of its energy- from converting its forest products in various ways. They could get 50%. In Britain, besides promoting re-afforestation (the % of land devoted to forests is only 7-8% compared with Germany's 28%,. Francets-27% and Italy's 21%) we could grow other crops to convert to fuel instead of unnecessary feed, and we could "implement a waste-use biomass programme that could produce twice as much energy as Sizewell and certainly not cost so much. " The possibilities of using biomass for energy are enormous in variety and scope but of course programmes have to be worked out carefully in order to achieve net energy and costs benefits reliably. It all depends where we put our money I In the European CAP programme now causing so much contention we use it to produce embarassing surpluses. To give an example of especial interest to vegans -we have in Europe million surplus dairy cows who produce surplus dairy products that cost us 4 .1 billion dollars. They use arable land equivalent to l-|m hectares. But change is in the air and it will be accelerated by the growing acceptance of the knowledge that people are healthier with less animal products. K. J.

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Vegan self sufficiency. The Vegan Self-Sufficiency Network is now in its third year, and one of its roles is to encourage the production of food a.nd other crops by vegan methods. V. S. S. N. acts as a central focus for the collection and dissemination of information that will further contribute to the knowledge of its members and aid them in develop-ing a practical vegan lifestyle. The importance of developing an alternative to animal-based agriculture is often sadly neglected by those who would like to see an end to factory farming and the exploitation of animals for food. Any campaign to terminate livestock farming cannot be feasible if it does not offer a viable alternative. Organic cultivation, in its generally prompted form, cannot be a compassionate choice: the use of animal manures and "slaughterhouse wastes (hoof-and-horn, dried blood, bonemeal, etc.) cannot be acceptable as this would necessitate the continuation of the animal-centred farming that vegans have realised is the cause of so much un-acceptable, and unnecessary, animal suffering, human misery and environmental damage. Organic growers, too, often use factory farm wastes and plant materials grown with the use of artificial fertil isers, pesticides and herbicides (such as straw for compost making and mulching) seemingly unaware of the harmful residues that these may contain. Agricultural systems based on artificial chemicals dominate the industrially developed countries and, tragically, are being rapidly introduced worldwide. Obviously such systems cannot continue indefinitely because they are largely dependent on substances derived from fossil fuels. Moreover, recent evidence of the carcinogenic effects of residual nitrates in food and water supplies, and the increasing realisation that agricultural chemicals are destroying the life-.giving topsoil, polluting rivers and poisoning wildlife, the environment and ourselves, must surely motivate us to put thought and labour into resolving these crises - we must develop methods of crop production that are not only productive but beneficial to the ecosphere on which we depend. Vegan horticulture and agroforestry offer viable alternatives, but there is great need^for more knowledge and for carefully monitored projects to follow up the work of pioneers such as Rosa Dalziel O'Brien and her family, and Helen and Scott Nearing. Much work, both practical and theoretical, has been put in in recent years on the potential of tree crops to supply many of our needs: food, fibres, fuels and numerous other substances. Agro-forestry* combined with nutritional education, could solve the world food problem: trees can give maximum return per acre when compared with other food crops, and, once established, need little labour and often no added fertil isers to maintain. By current estimates one third of all cultivable land will be lost through soil erosion and desertification before the end of this century (Oxfam). If the agriculture in threatened areas is amended to agroforestry, further spread of the deserts could be prevented. Trees also play a major and essential role in the reclamation of already arid

12 * See "Forest Farming" and other writings by R. de J. Hart.

land. Elsewhere the replanting of lost forests is vital to re-establish the stability of climate, atmosphere and water supplies. A sound and viable future can be built largely based on renewable and sustain-able resources. As any healthy body is made of millions of cells, we must aim to build a healthy world by the creation of a system of regional 'cells', each essentially self-sufficient yet interacting harmoniously for the good of the whole. Those whose interests lie in areas of vegan agriculture could join together to form rural communities producing plant foods, fibres, bio-fuels, timber, etc. Other people whose skills are in the manufacturing industries, providing such items as clothes, tools and equipment, could establish small urban settlements. Scientists and engineers could use their abilities to phase out the technologies based on fossil fuels and to develop methods for the utilisation of renewable sources of natural energy. They could also set up salvage plants and recycling schemes for materials such as metals, glass, paper and organic wastes. Coastal stations could farm the true harvest of the sea - seaweeds for fertil isers and food, a return on the centuries of sewage, topsoil and minerals lost to the oceans. AIL such units could co-operate with each other, exchanging products and skills on a regional basis, to maintain a society in which everyone is usefully employed for the mutual benefit of all. So what can we do now to make a start towards a better future ? All of us must study and prepare ourselves (send s. a. e. for V. S. S. N's Recommended Reading List - address below). Those of us with gardens or other iand can begin pro-ducing viegan-grown food and, hopefully, planting suitable trees. Those without their own plots could apply for allotments, or why not offer to clear and plant the gardens of elderly or disabled neighbours and then share the produce ? V. S. S. N. operates the "Vegan Volunteers" scheme to give opportunities for anyone wishing to gain experience in vegan horticulture and self-sufficiency. Volunteers can visit and help with projects of all sizes - an ideal way to learn, and at the same time contribute to the development of the schemes of fellow vegans. And finally, whether you are landed or landless, experienced or just becoming interested, join the Vegan Self-Sufficiency Network and participate in the growing movement for a vegan New Age. V. S. S. N. produces a bi-monthly Newsletter which carries regular informative articles on vegan gardening and related subjects. A Contact List is maintained and various information sheets are also available. Subscription to V. S. S. N. is E2.50 in U.K. (£4.00 overseas) per year for any number of people at one address. Cheques/P. O. 's payable to A. & E. Garrett please (receipts will be given) or send us an s .a . e. for further information: V. S. S. N., c/o 115 Eastern Road, Milton, Portsmouth, Hants P03 6EJ.

Alan & Elaine Garrett. "IF NOT YOU, WHO? IF NOT NOW, WHEN?" - Hillel

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PLEASE NOTE ! LIABILITY The Vegan Society Ltd and its Council and Officers cannot be held legally or financially, or in anyway, liable for any act, word or publication made by a member or local group unless written, signed authority has been given them by the Secretary or Chairman acting on behalf of the Council. CALLERS Please do not call upon any officers or employees of the Society without prior arrangement. Laurence Main, his wife and family, had 200 unexpected callers last summer, fifteen in one day ! The spirit is very willing but SUBSCRIPTIONS Have you paid your subscription due in January each year, regardless of when y&u joined? ? If not, a reminder slip is enclosed. Please send soon or we will, regretfully, have to remove your name from our lists. BANKERS ORDERS (forms from the Leatherhead Office) help but we have to tell people that Bank Charges of 60p are now made on every transaction! So please send extra to cover these if you can. BEQUESTS Please remember THE VEGAN SOCIETY LIMITED in your will.

VITAMIN B12 We have an Obligation to remind readers of the importance of this vitamin, especially f:or women of child bearing age. On average 3 micrograms need to be taken daily, regularly. This can be provided by one teaspoonful of Barmene or Tastex yeast extract taken dai the Health Stores or through the post from R. Lane, r are vegan. Spirulina.a dried algae,is now obtainable in in B12. Write Sam Ford, Ash, Stedham, West Sussex. P la mil, and some other soya milks have small amounts of B12 and also some TVP products. END TO END WALK Liz and Steve Shiner report that the money coming in for their sponsored John O'Groats to Lands End walk last summer reached almost exactly the £3,000 that they were wont to tell reporters on the way was their target. The Vegan Society much appreciated the third share that came to them. JON WYNNE-TYSON (famed for "Food for a Future" and much activity prompted by concern for animals) has written a novel called "SO SAY BANANA BIRD" published on May 14th by Pythian Books of 132 Marine Parade, Brighton, £8.95.

"This is a novel on several levels. Fantasy, danger, and the problems of racial tension, may prompt conjecture as to where fiction ends and faction begins. Its humour belies Matthew's discovery of meaning and purpose through a growing understanding of elements vital to a more feeling and viable relationship with the environment. "

At least order it from your library.

14

WHAT ELSE IS COOKING ? FURTHER ADVENTURES IN COOKING WITH COMPASSION

After 'What's Cooking?' What Else has EVA BATT to say about Good Eating? A great deal! - the results of nine years experimenting with new vegan dishes. With a couple of notable; essential exceptions, all the recipes - for soups, salads, savouries, desserts, cakes and biscuits, a re new. In addition, there is a chapter on 'In Place of Dairy Products' and a considerable amount of help-ful information on food values, and personal tips, nutritionally sound, for preparing delicious meals and snacks for everyone. With this book Eva lays to rest once and for all the myth that vegans must endure a Spartan diet of nut cutlets and bean broth. They can live well on a varied diet of luscious fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds and grains, prepared with imagination and spiced with thought and care for others. There is a convenient index and sugar f ree and uncooked items are clearly m a r k e d - £3.45 plus 5Op P&P

* BE WELL INFORMED so that you can present the vegan case convincingly. The following books will help you. FOOD FOR A FUTURE by Jon Wynne Tyson: a comprehensive case for vegetarianism and veganism, vividly expressed with facts &figures. £1.75 FOOD: NEED, GREED and MYOPIA by Geoffrey Yates 1. 85 PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN HEALTH with special reference to the diseases of affluence and the needs of the developing world.

J. W. Dickerson, Professor Human.Nutrition, University Surrey . 35p. THE ROLE OF PLANT FOODS IN FEEDING MANKIND by Arnold Bender, Professor Nutrition, University of London .45p. VEGAN MOTHERS and CHILDREN by 10 vegan mothers & reports on recent

research on vegan pregnancy, lactation and under-fives. . 70p. VEGAN NUTRITION by Drs. Ellis and Sanders Scientific assessments of the diet, plus easy to follow tables . 90p. VEGETARIAN HANDBOOK by Rodger Doyle I Guide to vegetarian and vegan nutrition 3.90 VEGANISM - SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS by T. A. B. Sanders. Text of the 5th Dr. Frey Ellis Memorial Lecture .40p. From Welsh Office, see page p. 26. Cheques to 'The Vegan Society, 'or, if you have already had our free 'Inquirers'Pack', from The Shiners, 1 Orrin Close, Tilehurst, Reading, Berks. Cheques made out to 'The Vegan Shop.'

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SAVOURY MOULD (Serves 4) 1 lb skinned tomatoes (or tinned) 1 pint strong vegetable stock (or

water with teaspoon of Tastex & pinch of chilli or powdered fenugreek)

2 ozs Brown sago or semolina Soften onions in fat and add tomatoes, simmering until the mixture is thick. Put mixture into wetted mould to set.

FRUIT SHORTBREAD PIE \ lb raspberries or gooseberries

or blackcurrants 9 oz wholemeal flour

6 ozs ground cashew nuts or sunflower seeds

1 tablespoonful of sunflower seed oil 1 oz finely chopped onion

Joan Batty, (but with acknowledgements to a kind donor along .the way). 4 oz raw sugar 6 oz vegan margarine

stock or water and sago/semolina, Remove from heat.and stir in nuts.

Rub margarine into flour and stir in 3 oz sugar. Knead § of the mixture and press evenly into a greased flan dish. Place raspberries into base and sprinkle remaining sugar on top. Spread remaining third of shortbread mixture over the raspberries and bake for 30 mins. at 375 F (gas mark 5). Serve hot or cold. It is very good with "Delice" cream.

G. Fort.

BARMENE BISCUITS 8 oz wholemeal flour 2 tsp tomato puree 1 dessertspoonful of soya flour 1 tsp'Barmene 4 oz vegan margarine 1 tsp mustard Mix altogether to make pastry, adding sufficient water to bind. Roll out quit e thinly, cut into rounds and prick. Bake at 350 for 10.15 minutes. Makes 50-60 'cheesy' biscuits.

Sheila Bond. VEGAN CHEESE 1 mug of oil heated in a pan. Melt in a generous tspn Tastex, then beat in soya flour until it is so solid it crumbles. Check and adjust seasoning. Turn out onto a board and knead and mould into a ball, or press into a mould, and set in fridge. Variants - Add 1 flat tsp paprika, a grating of nutmeg & a pinch of mace; or dry roast,up to 4oz,sesame seeds, grind 3 oz & beat in with the soya flour, use remaining loz to roll it in when finished.

C. Yates 16

\

ROSEHIP CHUTNEY (no sugar) 1 pint rosehips, cut in J & deseeded 2 tsp ginger 1 pint vinegar 1 tsp ground cloves | lb raisins 2 cloves garlic chopped

lb cooking apples, chopped 1 teacup concentrated apple juice juice of 1 lemon

opt. 1 flat tsp cayenne pepper if you like it hot. Combine ingredients in a large pan and leave to soak, preferably overnight, then bring to boil and simmer \ hour, or until a good chutney texture. Bottle.

C. Yates UNCOOKED NUT BALLS. Small quantity. 1 oz finely chopped or grated onion 4 level tsp Barmene 1 oz wholemeal breadcrumbs pinch oregano Or sage 3 oz ground nuts (incl. some cashews) 1 small skinned & mashed tomato Pound all together except the tomato. When smooth add just sufficient tomato to moisten so that the mixture can be rolled in the hands. This will make about 10 small balls. Serve With green salad for a complete all-raw meal or with lightly cooked vegetables in season. If they a re to travel as 'iron rations" roll in crushed cornflakes before packing.

E. Batt A QUICK SCONE-TYPE PIZZA BASE 4 oz self-raising flour about i oz margarine 1 level tsp baking powder diluted Plamil to mix pinch of salt (optional) Pre-heat the cooker to 200°C, 400°F, gas 6. Sift the dry ingredients together, rub in the margarine With the finger tips then add just sufficient 'milk' to give a soft but not sticky, dough. Knead lightly in a little flour to a smooth finish, roll out to a 6" circle, transfer to a well-greased baking sheet and spread with some mashed tomato or tomato ketchup and any topping to hand. Bake in the hottest part of the oven for 30-35 minutes. It should be served and eaten as soon as cooked.

E. Batt Apology - in the Spring Vegan Recipes page 17, 3 lines from the end, the figure should read 5, NOT 15.

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GLEANINGS VITAMIN D Thanks a re due to the many members who have written to Van den Berghs, manufacturers of Tomor margarine, with regard to the source of the Vitamin D in their product. At present they are maintaining that, they have « ho option but to use Vitamin D^ which involves the use of lanolin. Other man-ufacturers appear to be in the same position except for Fauser Vitaquellwerk, Pinneberger Chaussee 60 - D. 2000 Hamburg 54, makers of Vitaquell margarine who have assured us - '-'We can guarantee that we use Vitamin D. and are not going to change. " We have just heard that Granose Foods Ltd, Watford, Herts, are producing a margarine with Vitamin D , and completely vegan.

u Recent research confirms the view that the proper source of Vitamin D for humans is sunlight. According to an article by D. D. R. Fraser , M. R. C. V. S., in "The Lancet", April 30th 1983, dietary sources can be "ineffective, unnatural and potentially dangerous". Overdosage of Vitamin D is well known to be dangerous but apparently this does not occur when the vitamin is produced in the skin by the action of ultra-violet light. Ultra-violet lamps can be used by housebound people but of course over exposure to these and to strong sunlight can have damaging effects on the skin. BREAST MILK AS A CONTRACEPTIVE Realisation of the importance of breast feeding grows. It has now been found that it contains a very potent anti-parasite chemical ("Science" vol. 221, p. 1290) and it has been confirmed that breast feeding acts effectively as a contraceptive providing it is practised at least 5 times daily with each feed lasting for at least ten minutes. (Medical Research Council's Reproductive Biology Unit, Edinburgh). Both these factors a re especially important in the Developing Countries. Roger Short in the "New Scientist", February 16th 1984, claims "Breast feeding still prevents more pregnancies in the developing countries than any other form of contraceptive". The World Health Organisation has now taken up the campaign, which has been fought by activists in many countries for over six years, to stop the promotion of bottle feeding by such f irms as Nestles. Apart from depriving mother and child of the advantages of breast feeding, some parents cannot afford to buy enough of the cow milk formula to nourish their babies adequately and they haven't the facilities to prepare the food hygienically. Nestles has now agreed to stopits aggressive advertising and its distribution Of free samples, but there is still much to be done. Write to Baby Milk Action Coalition, 34 Blinco Grove, Cambridge, CB1 4TS, and offer your help. SELL THEM SOON i Dr. Taylor of the Animal Breeding Research Organ-isation, Edinburgh, is quoted in "The Farmers Weekly" February 10th 1984, as saying "The ideal approach is to breed from the cow as early as is practical and take two or three calves It should then be slaughtered before it reaches mature size". Yet farmers are trying to get public support against the C. A. P. quotas (see page 7) by arousing sympathy for the poor cows that they are having to slaughter. As if they are not nearly always slaughtered at the time most profitable for the farmer.

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BLOOD DONORS Will potential blood-donors please send the p ed envelope to Harry Bonnie, In answer to an enquiry he. r

d Transfusion Service -"When testing human blood to determine the blood groups, almost all

the reagents used are provided by human donors. During the last few years, more and more of these reagents are made in the laboratory and I think that in a few years' time all these reagents will be made in the laboratory. However a small amount of some blood grouping reagents a re derived from animals , mainly rabbits. The rabbit is given a small injection of human blood and produces an antibody that can be used in tests to ensure the safe transfusion of blood. These animals are not killed or ill-treated in any way - a small amount of blood is taken periodically - just as with a human blood donor - and they are well fed and kept under first class conditions, in fact they are regarded more as pets than as a laboratory animal, and if you wrote because you were worried about vivisection or ill-treatment of animals, I can assure you that they get excellent care.

With the production of grouping reagents in the laboratory, few if any, animals are used these days - certainly we do not use any at this Transfusion Centre. "

Dr. T.D. Davies, Director, National Blood Transfusion Service, North London Blood Transfusion Centre, Deansbrook Road, Edgware, Middx.

Will any reader requiri ce please contact Harry Bonnie,

THE INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION meets in Argentina from June 18th - 22nd. Many activities are being planned in order to turn the torch light of publicity on the whales' conti elp can be obtained from Don Jenkings, , Gwynedd, North Wales.

HOPE FOR THE FORESTS A report in the International Wildlife Magazine Jan/Feb 1984 makes cheering reading. As the result of non-violent action by a group of peasants, the Chipko movement in India, not only was a 10 year moratorium on commercial logging over 1,200 square miles of forest achieved, but a successful reforestation programme is now being run.

I

flVCanuf Vegans who a re sugar conscious may like to know that we have now brought out a sugar-free version of our soya milk without any artificial sweetener. Naturally it contains vitamin B12. It is in a 420 ml size can with a blue lable to clearly distinguish i t from the standard formula green label one. We have just received an air-letter f romMyer Samra, Editor Vegan Society News-Letter, Australia, in which he writes: "I am thrilled to say that we've just received the Plamil chocolate and Carob Fruit & Nut bars you posted on 17.2.84 - just under 3 months. The chocolate particularly goes so quickly I had to stop one member from taking a dozen bars, because it would be unfair to the others! " Myer's accompanying 14-page news-letter is set out in a systematic and well presented manner, and announces the THIRD A.G. M. of the Society in Australia. If you have any news items which you consider rele-vant to send him for inclusion in another of his news-letters his address is The Vegan Society, P.O. Box 467, Broadway 2007, N.S.W., Australia. Welcome to Margaret Dunmead, of Dunstable (vegan contact in Bedfordshire) who will be joining our staff shortly. Arthur Ling. TOFU - a simple, foolproof method ! Open one pack of Plamil, empty into a saucepan. Rinse out the pack by filling it with water, add this to the pan, heat to boiling point. Meanwhile dissolve 2 tsp Epsom salts in 1 cup (approx. i pint) hot water. Take the milk off the boil, gently stir in \ cup of the curdling agent. Replace the lid, leave 5 mins. Then add \ the rest of the liquid, prodding gently rather than stirring. After a few more mins add the remainder, and leave to settle a few minutes. Gently press a sieve down onto the curds and whey, and ladle out as much whey as possible from inside the sieve. Then transfer contents of pan to a colander lined with a double layer of cheese muslin. After the excess has drained off, the curds should be pressed - still in the cloth - in a perforated mould, i. e. a colander, or a burger press. The tofu should be left with a weight (such as a large jar of water) on it for 20-30 minutes, and then unwrapped. It is then ready for use or storage. Stor.e in a refrigerator under water for up to 2 - 3 days. Makes approximately 8 oz, cost about 65p. Epsom salts 30p from Boots.

Name ?? Now available NEW LEAFLETS 'Wool Machines' up-dated version of Eva Batt's 'Wool Factories'. and'Vegan Diet, No. 2'. for those who need econom-ical, easy to prepare food with only few expensive commercially processed items. SAE please. From Welsh office-address page 26.

20

qms mis MM Wmrnm* Please note the following alterations to the list of Local Vegan Contacts that was printed in the Spring "Vegan":

ORTH): 2.

AST): Please contact:

act ,

Please contact ,

N: Please contact

,

more patrolled by

gan Contact, ) is casting hact her. A picnic has been arranged for Tynemouth on.

Saturday, 30th June (or the following Saturday if wet - 'phone for details). Send Catherine a s .a . e. for the first edition of her local vegan newsletter. We still need a Local Vegan Contact for Lancashire. Meanwhile, you are invited to the North-West Animal Rights Festival on Sunday, 8th July, at Stanley Park Arena, Blackpool. Welsh vegans are invited to send 25p in stamps for a copy of the third edition of "Y Figan Cymreig/The Welsh Vegan", the bi-4ingual quarterly journal of the Vegan Society Ltd in Wales, which was published on 1st May. Issue No. 4 will appear on 1st August, in time for our stall at the National Eisteddfod in Lampeter (4th - 11th August). An annual subscription only costs El. 00 from the Vegan Society Ltd, 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9LW.

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LETTERS VEGAN ADOPTION In October 1983 I adopted my son, Nathaniel. I am single, 32 years old and have been a vegan for about 10 years. As I live with my mother, three sisters and their five children we all had to be assessed for the adoption; they are all vegans. My nephews and niece (7,5,4,4,4) are all lifelong vegans and are all healthy and bright children so having living proof that a vegan diet is alright helped to convince the social worker. We also gathered together articles, recipes and medical information that showed veganism in a good light for the social workers to show to the adoption panel who would approve, or not, the social worker's decision to place Nathaniel within our family. I f irst saw Nathaniel in the Be My Parent Book in October 1982 when he was just over two months old. I would have had him before Christmas 1982 but the local social services opposed the placement. I don't really know why as I have never met them; so I got him in February 1983, when he was months old. It took about three weeks to change his diet from Osterfeed and mixed cereals to a soya baby formula and.vegan cereals. He seemed to welcome new tastes and so the change-over was quite easy. The fact that we are vegans seemed to be in our favour as Nathaniel has Down's Syndrome (he is a mongol) and for his health's sake needs to be on a milk-free diet. He is now twenty months old and, inspite of being quite ill in the first few months I had' him and having,a bad heart, he is now well and strong, his mental develop-ment is only a month or two behind "normal" and his physical development is catching up. He is so loved, lovable and loving and has settled so well into our family I am now trying to get another Downs baby to add to our vegan family. For more information about the Be My Parent Book and your nearest book holder ring (London) 01-407-9763. From: Elizabeth F. Miller, RMN.RNMS,

"And I will make for you a covenant on that day with the beasts of the field and the birds of the air and the creeping things of the ground, and I will abolish the bow and the sword and war from the land so that all living creatures may liie down without fear. "

Hosea 2.18.

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VEGANISM, A RELIGION? A friend recently said she thought veganism was a religion and it required moment of inspiration or insight before anyone became vegan. It is true that religions grow from the experience of oneness with and compassion for the world, and the attempt to live ones life in accordance with that experience. And in this way veganism is a religion. But in veganism the experience is not mystical; it is simply the seeing of oneself as one really is, seeing one's place in the world and one's relation to it. Knowledge should, if man's position in the world is correctly conceived, lead to sympathy, empathy and compassion for other people and animals. Knowledge leads to co-operation and to genuine love. Let it be our concern to spread information in the hope that knowledge and understanding follow on. The world will not be helped by inducing in others a sense of guilt via propaganda or even a sense of duty via preaching.

Dean Yates.

'W A R ! What an incomprehensible phenomenon V When one's reason asks: "Is it just, is it necessary ?" an inner voice always relpies "No". Only the persistence of this unnatural occurence makes it seem natural, and a feeling of self-preservation makes it seem just. ' The above words were written by Leo Tolstoi in his short story "The Raid" and were suppressed by the censor. Surely the sentiments expressed about people killing people can be equally applied to people killing animals. The persistence is certainly there. Every year in this country 15 million pigs a re slaughtered. I followed with interest the fates of just two hundred of- them last year. Every day, driving to work, I saw them steadily matur-ing to their optimum weights in a large field. Then one morning they were no longer there . All that remained was their smouldering shelters which had been set alight. The feeling of self-preservation is also there. People really a re convinced (I was once) that we need meat or at least eggs and milk to survive. The last few generations have produced great advances, in the technologies of food and of synthetic fibres. I wonder what Tolstoi's Views On being carni-vorous would be if he were writing today.

Lew Graham. ANYONE FOR SOUP FLAVOURED SUGAR Reading, from habit, the contents list on packets of food recently^ noticed that one 'Instant Soup' (Batchelors Tomato Cup-a-Soup) contained more sugar than any other single ingredient!

E. Batt 23

Shopping with Linda Please send all information and all enquiries re food and other commodities to Linda Emptage, 40 Harold Road, Cliftonville, Kent. (Items in capitals are vegan). Food Pearce Duff SORBET MIX - orange, lemon, grapefruit, lime flavours only. Carnation PAREVE-MATE coffee whitener. Made in u. S. A. and distributed here by Eliko Food Distributors, Unit D, Ashley Works, Ashley Road, London N17 9LJ. U.B. Foods KP READY SALTED CRISPS, DISCOS and CRINKLE CUT CRISPS. Burtons Biscuits TESCO MARIE, GINGER NUTS, BOURBON CREAMS. Only from Burtons factory at Llantarnam at present. Check your nearest Burtons and see if they a re O. K. Granose CHICKEN FLAVOURED T. V. P . , VEGETABLE MARGARINE (Vit D2). Effemex CANYON SWEET BARS. This f i rm is a division of Mars UK Ltd., and in view of their recent publicity regarding the use of "Superglue" Mouse Traps, perhaps members would write to say how they intend to avoid their products. Toiletries etc. Mandala Ayurvedic Imports VICCO TOOTHPASTE (uses a large number of herbs) Natural Plant Products RAH NT I BODY RUB, rubbing oils for the skin, available on mail order from Rosario Cottage, Dover Road, Barham, Canterbury, Kent. BODY OIL, SEAWEED SHAMPOO, HENNA SHAMPOO,HERBAL BATH MIX

FACIAL STEAMING HERBS available from Bright Eves. 56 Bell Street, Glasgow

CAURNIE SOAP (Sea Shepherd) Fpllowing recent conversations with Sea Shepherd, they have stated they they will no longer put honey in their Honey & Almond soap nor any other soap. However, they did state that they had only left it in because Vegan Society policy was that honey was left to the individual. This couldn't be argued with but they did all think it was wrong to carry it on. We are assured that all office staff at Sea Shepherd are Vegans. Other Information Chesebrough Ponds Although some of their products a re Vegan in content they do get outside contractors to test on animals. Bulmer Ltd. Gelatine is used in clarifying cider and fruit juices. Superdrug Would members please write to the Superdrug Company and ask for a list of Vegan non-animal tested items which they now produce under their own

24

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brand names. Shampoos, creams etc. Super drug P. L. C. , Beddington Lane, Croydon, Surrey. Rakusen Conflicting reports on use' of D3 from this f irm so for the present avoid their products with it in. Members may like to write. Rakusen Foods, Rakusen House, Clayton Wood Rise, Ring Road West Park, Leeds LS16 6QN. Kelloggs Cornflakes and Rice Krispies contain.D3 - derived from a wool fat. Kelloggs have been less than helpful with some very sarcastic replies about the use of milk. Members may try to get a truthful answer by writing to Kelloggs, Stretford, Manchester M32 8RA. Try getting a list of Vegan products out of them, you will not find it easy!'. Shaklee Will any member who has had any dealings whatsoever, please send details to Animal Aid, 7 Castle Street, Tonbridge, Kent. Copies of any letters received will he handy for Animal Aid to pass on to the Animal Rights Group dealing with this investigation.

Linda: Emptage COMMODITIES SECRETARY Linda Emptage who has worked very hard and efficiently in this capacity for over two years would now like to find Someone else to take it on as she is heavily committed to activities with the local Animal Rights Group. Please write to her at the address given under the title. This is important work. Expenses will be paid but there is no remuneration.

K.J. "E" CODE for FOOD ADDITIVES When studying the list of additives on food packets it should be remembered that some of the listed 'E' numbered additives could have been derived from an animal or vegetable base. Listed as E322, lecithin is not necessarily a vegetable product as, although much is derived from soya beans, it can also be a product of eggs, yet still carry the same identification, E322. We still have quite a long way to go before all completely vegetable additives are clearly marked, but this will happen if enough of us take the trouble to make our requirements known. Write to The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food asking for clearer ^narking in cases such as the above. I have suggested that where an additive can be of animal or vegetable origin this should be indicated either by adding a letter 'A' or 'V' or be given different numbers. You will be told that this is not possible, but write anyway. Sooner or later it will happen and the more letters they receive the sooner .'Will it be realised that it is possible.

Eva Batt Duplicated copies of the lists that appeared in 'The Vegan' should be ready before long. Send 5p stamp and foolscap SAE to Welsh address -see page 26

25

A D V E R T I S E M E N T S Please send to the Assistant Secretary, 9 Mawddwy Terrace, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Nr. Machynlleth, SY20 9LW, Wales, by July 21st 1984, for the next issue. Rate lOp a word. Advertisers a re asked to note that we a re unable to deal with box numbers. PLEASE NOTE the following advertisements have been accepted in good faith and the Vegan Society cannot take responsibility in the event of any complaint. Editors reserve the right to refuse advertisements without giving explanations. EXPERIENCED journalist/secretary, London, car-driver, requires work in connection with animal welfare. Full, part-time or free-lance. Tel. (01) 471 7971. PORTABLE folding tables for osteopathy, massage, acupuncture, Alexander Technique etc. Strongly constructed from timber with padded top covered with Vinyl. £130. Please send s. a. e. to Dave Gee, Gate Lodge, Brook House, Dartington, Totnes, Devon.. THE NATIONAL CENTRE FOR ALTERNATIVE TECHNOLOGY isn't just an award-winning tourist attraction. We sell books through the post too. Please ask for our mail order booklist (35p & s. a. e.) details of our courses and a leaflet for tourists to visit us. Write now to N. C. A. T. , Llwyngwern Quarry, Machynlleth, Powys, Wales. THE SPROUTLETTER - a newsletter of useful and unusual information on sprouts, raw foods and nutrition. Send $14 (U. S. dollars) for an airmail sub-scription to the U. K. or $3 (U. S. dollars) for a sample copy of this bi-monthly journal to: The Sproutletter, P. O. Box 62, Ashland, OR 97520, U. S. A, ZAN LIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE supplies interested individuals with the addresses/leaflets or Animal Rights/Conservation Societies. The service is FREE but a S. A. E. is ESSENTIAL. Alex Nielson, Zan Light Information Service, c /o 89 Drip Road, Stirling, Scotland FK8 1RN. PEACE NEWS is part of the movement to remove nuclear arms, and the

oppressions which cause violence. "A ray of joy and hope'1 - Ronnie Lee (animal liberationist). 40p fortnightly. £12/year. Trial subscription £2. "Peace News", 8 Elm Avenue, Nottingham. THE LEY HUNTER - leading international magazine of ley-lines and other Earth Mysteries. £1. 25 sample copy to TLH, P. O. Box 13, Welshpool, Powys. AHIMSA - quarterly magazine of the American Vegan Society. Veganism, Natural Living, Reverence for Life, Calendar year subscription $8 or £5. Address: 501 Old Harding, Highway, Malaga, N.J.08328, U.S.A. "Y FIGAN CYMREIG/THE WELSH VEGAN" is the new bi-lingual quarterly journal for Welsh vegans. Send £1 sub. to the Vegan Society Ltd. 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machnylleth, SY20 9LW.

THE VEGAN SELF-SUFFICIENCY NETWORK. S. A. E. for full details to: V. S. S. N., 115 Eastern Road, Milton, Portsmouth, Hants. LIVE ANIMAL EXPERIMENTATION slaughtering of baby seals, wild animals torn to pieces by hounds, innocent animals suffering in factory-farm systems. "Flesh and Blood" magazine show how you can help stop these atrocities. To subscribe send £3.40 U.K., £4.50 overseas, to Caroline Publications, Dept "V" P.O. Box 32, Stevenage, Herts SGI 3SD, SEND S. A. E. to Unit Al, Chapman's Yard, Waterhouse Lane, Scarborough, YOll, 1DP, for free leaflets on "RAW FOOD DIET" and/or "TAO", the Great Philosophy of Ancient China, still thriving. LIQUID CONCENTRATE is the buodegradable liquid soap derived from coconut oil, which is free from animal products and animal testing. S. A. E. for details: Dept EV, JANCO SALES, 11 Seymour Road, Hampton Hill, Middlesex, TW12 1DD. VEGFAM feeds the hungry via plant-based foodstuffs, leaf protein, seeds, irrigation etc. The Sanctuary, Lydford, Okehampton, Devon. EX20 4AL (Tel Lydford 203). CONTACT CENTRE is a friendship agency, quite different from all others. It enables you to choose your friend(s) from detailed advertisements or to write an advertisement yourself without disclosing your name and address. CONTACT CENTRE gives you full scope;, you don't even have to complete a form. CONTACT CENTRE now operates a Vegan Service in addition to the Vegetarian/ Vegan Service and the International Pen-friend Service without hidden charges and with many offers for a nominal fee or even free. As we cannot tell all in this advertisement, please find out how you too can benefit by the range of flexible services by requesting fr.ee details from CONTACT CENTRE, BCM Cuddle, London WC1V 6XX. *Full translational sei vices from and into German, French and Dutch. SPIRULINA - the ideal light and energising food for you. Highest protein and natural B12 source, rich in minerals and trace elements. Introductory offer of Maurice Hanssen's book, 'Spirulina' with 100 tablets Life Source Spirulina -£4.75. 4oz. tub pure Spirulina powder - £4. 95. 100 x 500mg tablets - £3.95. 'Imprisoned Lig orders 50p. Cheques etc. to "THE VEGAN SHOP" is just starting up. We sell only vegan non-animal tested products, via a market stall, to personal callers (by arrangement only) and by mail order. We are offering 5% discount to members of the Vegan Society. Please support an all-vegan enterprise, and help us t

ite to: , enclos

WHOLISTIC RESEARCH COMPANY stock Juicers & Juice Presses, Water Distillers, Aerobic Bouncers, Air Ionizers,Enema Kits, Tip-U-Up's, Herbal Tablet Makers, Reflex Foot Rollers and much more, plus a hand-picked range

of Books on Natural Health. Send 6 x 16p or £ 1 for our very full catalogue/ booklet to WHOLETIC RESEARCH COMPANY, DEPT. VE., BRIGHT HAVEN, ROBIN'S LANE, LOIWORTH, CAMBRIDGE. Tel: Crafts Hill (0954) 81074. VEGAN Pdetails: LONDON BIORHYTHM COMPANY. We sell charts and d . i .y . kits, publish an International Newsletter and undertake research. Details 25p in stamps. Box 413, London SW7 2PT. VEGETARIAN MATCHMAKERS: Discreet, inexpensive, postal introduction service exclusively for unattached adult vegetarians/vegans, nationwide, (clients from diverse walks of life - ages from 18 to sunset years). Dreams could become reality for you too, by requesting details today from V. M. M., (Dept VQ), 131 Sirdar Road, London N22. MYSTIC books and vegan life-style by Antony Bates. "Children of Fire" £4.00, "Holocaust or World Change?" £2.00. Postage inclusive. Booklist for recent additions. 365 Sandycombe Road, Kew, Surrey TW9 3PR.

VICCO AYURVEDIC TOOTHPASTE. Completely natural, made in accordance with the principles of Ayurveda - The medicine of Yoga. More than just a simple tooth cleanser, Vicco contains the extracts of 18 valuable herbs esteemed for. centuries in ancient Indian herbal medicine. Contains no artificial sweeteners, preservatives or flavourings. Flouride free. Not tested on animals. Send £1.45 per 85g tube, inc. p&p. MANDALA Ayurvedic Imports, 52 Wellington Walk, Henleaze, Bristol , BS10 5UE.

iterature to:

REICHIAN body-work therapy-workshops - Nottingham. Intensive, May 26th, 27th, 28th, £25. Basic July 14th, 15th, £15. Details 0602 705195.

MILLS. Send 50p.

C.C. ABBOTT'S "Legacy of Health", £2. 50 by post. Apply: 56 Railway Road, Leigh, Lanes, WN7 4AR. "HUMANE" slaughter protests, and social nights, neither save lives. Send large SA Animal Rights Group, .

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FAMILY Relationships Workshop with Pam Snyder, leading American teacher of Macrobiotic cookery and philosophy. Take this opportunity to discover the basics of a happy, healthy, family life. This workshop is designed to improve your health and give you a new approach to creating a happy life for you and your family. The weekend will include Wholefood cookery (and lunches); exercising with music for fun; talks and discussions on Family Relationships and Sexual Health. 'Our food is our medicine and our medicine is our feed'. July 21st/22nd 10.30 a .m . - 5 . 30 p.m. £25.00. Contact: Community Health Foundation, 188 Old Street, London EC1 - (01) 251 4076. VEGAN TIMES - Articles on spiritual growth/healing, personal and planetary; ecology; animal rights;- food/recipes; letters; ads . , etc. A non-violent Green magazine. Sample copy 50p or 4 12jp stamps. Subscription £2 for 4 issues inclusive of postage. Back copies available. All cheques/POs made payable to Alpay Tor gut, 25 Tabley Road, London N7 0NA. EARTHLINES - Welsh Border earth mysteries magazine. Ancient sites, leys, folklore, strange phenomena, etc. Send £1.00 for sample copy to 'Earthlines", 7 Brookfield, Stirchley, Telford, Shropshire.

ove to hear from vegans in Avon.

HUNT SABOTEUR'S ASSOCIATION. Direct-action anti-bloodsports organisation. Hon. Sec. Mr Ralph Cook, PO Box 19, London SE22 9LR. Non-active members welcome, annual subs £2.00, please enclose a s .a . e. AN EXTREMELY HEALTHY DEVELOPMENT is under way in Britain - the multi-plication of self-help groups. Environmental Therapy Research is an organ-isation that is particularly geared to self-research and self-protection through accurate dietary knowledge and we would appreciate it i who

he address.

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HOLIDAYS WALES: Vegan B & B £6 or £56 per week full board at Gwallia, Cemaes, Machynlleth, Powys, SY20 9PU (Tel. 06502 377). Near National Centre for Alternative Technology. Paradise for children. PENZANCE: Self-catering accommodation for 3/4. Two miles from Penzance with large garden, sea and country views. Occasional vegan meals available. Tel. 0736 2242. BEXHILL-ON-SEA. Small private house offering vegetarian or vegan bed and

,

THE 1984 DIRECTORY OF PLACES CATERING FOR VEGANS is on sale now at 65p (inc. p&p) from the Vegan Society Ltd. 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Mawddwy, Machynlleth, SY20 9LW. FREE: Leaflets on Backpacking and Hostelling the Vegan Way when you order a Mainroutes guide-book to one of the following long-distance paths; A Somerset Way (via Glastonbury Tor); A Bristol Countryway (via Bath); A South Wessex Way (via Badbury Rings); A Wiltshire Way (via Stonehenge); King Alfred's Way (via Winchester Cathedral) and a South Coast Way (via Shakespeare Cliff). £1. 08 each inc. p&p (or any 3 for £3) from: The Vegan Society Ltd. 9 Mawddwy Cottages, Minllyn, Dinas Dawddwy, Machynlleth SY20 9LW. BRIGHTON: Wholefood vegetarian or vegan bed and breakfast in a very at t ract ive, quiet private house in Regency Kemptown, near the sea, the Marina, wholefood res tauran ts , good shopping. Brighton is a very good centre for places of interest and beautiful walks over the Downs or along the coast. Tel: 0273 683819. ISLE OF WIGHT: Explore this beautiful Island. Walks, beaches, countryside, Good leisure, shopping facilities. Enjoy your stay in our self-contained, com-fortable holiday flat (sleep

ISLE OF WIGHT: Small private hotel in peaceful West Wight. Near National Trust downland and Tennyson Heritage Coast. Comfortaible accommodation with central heating. Excellent home cooking by vegetarian proprietor. Wholefoods,

flat.

NEW IN TORQUAY, homely vegan/vegetarian guest house. Central heating, near beaches/town. Nature/tra overs welcome. B&B £6.50, with EM £11.00. LINCOLNSHIRE: Vegan D. B. & B. Lincoln, Wolds, Viking Way. Children welcome. No smoking, dogs. Crompton, Lapwings, Apley, LN3 5JQ, tel. Wragby 858101. Enquiries before 10. 9. 84. tel. 0661 24613.

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VEGAN B&B, Derwen Gam, Cynghordy, Llandovery, Dyfed. £6. No EM, but welcome to use kitchen. Kathleen Topple, Cynghordy 233. WELSH CYCLE HOLIDAYS. Excellent farmhouse tours (£90 p.w.) or youth hostel tours (from £48 p. w.) Reliable cycles for all ages. Also daily cycle hire. JOYRIDES, Old Station, Machynlleth, Powys. tel. 0654 3109. FIFTY YARDS FROM DORSET BEACH, vegetarian, self-catering all-year holiday chalet for v s.

ed.

THE HOLIDAY FELLOWSHIP are including "Vegan Weeks" on their Special Interest holidays programme. Laurence Main will talk and lead walks, Joan Bryan will demonstrate cooking at Llandudno from 6th October, 1984, and at Selworthy in Somerset from 23rd March 1985. Write for full details to: HF Holidays Ltd, 142-144 Great North Way, London, NW4 1EG.

"BRIDGEDALE DRY BOOTS" Bridgedale Dryboots really are waterproof, as well as being very comfortable. When I wore leather boots, I came to expect wet feet despite the manufacturer's claims. These vegan boots have no seams, stitching or lace holes to let in the water, however. They are handmade in Malaysia from supple pure sheet rubber on individual lasts, vulcanised to give a waterproof bonding of the seams. Added comfort and insulation is provided by a cushion insole, while the ankles are padded. Cleaning is easy - just wash (both outside and inside, which has a hygienically treated nylon lining). Foot support is provided by a steel shank set into the instep, while the sole gives an excellent grip. Vegans will welcome the manufacturer's assurance that these boots are indeed f ree of animal products, but I shall be surprised if even the meat-eaters don't give up wearing leather boots now that these are on the market.' £22. 95 per pair from Bridgedale, Samuel Street, Leicester LEI 1RU, telephone (0533) 538781, or from outdoor shops (Burton McCall Ltd of the same address as Bridgedale, being responsible for trade sales).

VEGAN VIEWS is a magazine, created by vegans for vegans ( and sympathisers) in

1 - GITJCR.OPT LANE-lsDElylFlELD which readers share their views R A M S B O T T Q M - B U R Y - 1 A N C S . a n d i d e a s -

£2.40 for a four issue subscription. 50p a sample copy. (Stamps welcomed.)

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< r O O k L h

V COUNTRY HOUSE ^ Surrounded by the lochs and heather-clad hills of the Trossachs, Sco t l and ' s longest established, whole- food vegetarian and vegan guest house offers you a centre for relaxation and revitalisa-t ion.

In large, peaceful grounds, our spacious and elegant V ictor ian house c o m m a n d s magnif icent views.

Callander, f a m o u s as the Tannochbrae of Dr. F inlay's Casebook, is an ideal centre for touring, wa lk ing and sporting activities and is wi th in easy reach of Stirl ing, E d i n b u r g h and G len Eagles.

Central Heating. Easy M o t o r w a y Access. H igh Standard of comfor t and cuisine.

T H E S C O T T I S H E P I S O D E S O F ' T H E C O U N T R Y D I A R Y O F A N E D W A R D I A N L A D Y ' ware f i lmed at B R O O K L I N N .

S t a m p appreciated for brochure f rom:-

Marilyn and Ian Roberts Brook Linn Country House Callander, Perthshire Tel. (0877) 3 0 1 0 3

A V A I L A B L E BY M A I L O R D E R I

CB' W A L K I N G BOOT S t rong upper wi th soft ankle rolls, sewn-in tongue, soft Insole wi th the ecological ly approved 'klets ' sole unit. £26.95 plus £1.50 p&p Sizes 4 - 1 1 N o half sizes

' F E L L W A L K A ' W A L K I N G BOOT Very similar to the ' C B ' but made of lighter weight synthetic materials. Ideal fo r casual wa lk ing and rambl ing. £18.99 plus £1.50 p&p Sizes 4 - 1 1 N o half sizes

' S E G E R V A R O R ' W A L K I N G SOCKS C o m f y loop-l ined vegan walk ing socks wi th no wool content. Navy only. Calf length. Al l sizes £2 .99 per pair. N o carriage charges.

Avai lable f rom: -Westsports, 17 Fleet Street, Swindon Tel. (0793) 3 2 5 8 8 14 day approval against prepayment

TORQUAY ( Queen of the English Riviera )

B R O O K E S B Y HALL HOTEL

Exc lus ive ly Vegetar ian .

Hesketh Road. TQ1 2LN Tel. 0803 22194

350 yards from Meadfoot Beach, enjoying glorious sea views across Torbay, the hotel is situated in the exclusive Lincombe Conservation area, generally considered to be the loveliest part of Torquay. We offer restful holidays in beautiful surroundings coupled with imagin-ative and delicious Vegan and Veg-etarian meals. Some rooms have private showers. Fully centrally heated. Full details from the

Vegan Proprietress Mrs. Hilda Baker

(stamp only please.)

"Waadcate" The Saltings, Lelant St. Ives. Cornwall

Tel (0736) 753147 WHY not visit Britain's oldest established Vegan /Vegetarian Hotel and for once experience a truly relaxing holiday?

Woodcote is a small family-owned hotel standing in its own grounds overlooking the beautiful tidal estuary and bird sanct-uary of Hayle. It is within easy reach of many fine beaches and coastal walks and is the ideal centre from which to explore and discover the beauty of Cornwall.

On a personal note, our cuisine is both varied and imaginative and for good measure is supported by an abundance of old-fashioned personal service — the ingredient so often overlooked in these material times.

For further information and brochure please contact:

John or Pamela Barrett (stamp appreciated)

Also available (May-Sept), self catering chalet, sleeps four.

VEGANS WELCOME

Lakeland's strictly Vegetarian Guest House offers a warm and hospitable welcome to Vegans. Come to us to relax, to walk and climb, to absorb the tranquil ity of Orchard House and the Lake District. We have a peaceful garden, a warm and comfortable home, delicious and different food, and we are situated in superb Lake District country.

A truly fine S T R I C T L Y V E G E T A R I A N R E S T A U R A N T , offering a wide range of both Western and Eastern dishes.

Varying opening hours: Mid March to Spring Bank Holiday and again later on Mid September to Mid October -11.45 until last orders at 7.30. Restaurant closed on Tuesdays.

Longer hours: Easter School Holiday time and then Spring Bank Holiday until Mid September and all Saturdays and Sundays -10 until last orders at 8.30. Restaurant open 7 days a week.

We serve really delicious and different main meals, afternoon teas, light or substantial snacks with V E G A N S in mind.

Do come and enjoy I

B r o c h u r e f r o m : ( s tamp appreciated) Monty Alge & Keong Wee, Orchard House, Borrowdale Road, Keswick on Derwentwater, Cumbria Te lephone : (0596) 72830.

Restaurant just round the corner and next to Fishers at: 31 Lake Road, Keswick.

§0S!12m5 High Fibre Biscuits "Granny Ann" High Fibre Biscuits give 5g of fibre in each biscuit. According to a recently published comparison this is at least four times the fibre content of any other bran biscuit. And what's more the fibre in "Granny Ann" biscuits is special too. It's soya which is twice as effective as ordinary wheat bran. Add to this the fact that other ingredients are wholemeal flour, ginger, molasses and raw sugar and

you've got a very special biscuit. Wholesome, effective

You can buy "Granny Ann" High Fibre Biscuits at all health food shops. If you would like a leaflet telling you more about "Granny Ann" High Fibre Biscuits and the other speciality dairy replacement foods currently available, send a SAE to:

IT0NA PRODUCTS LIMITED, LEYLAND MILL LANE, WIGAN

my C R A N K S H e A L T H F O O D S

William Blake House, Marshall Street, London W1

C R A N K S at Shinners Bridge, Partington, Devon

C R A N K S at Peter Robinson, Oxford Circus, W.1

C R A N K S at The Market, Covent Garden, W.C.2

C R A N K S at 35 High Street, Totnes, Devon

. From VV Health ^ Stores NO ANIMAL OR DAIRY INGREDIENTS Enjoy health promoting

PLAMIL SOYA PLANT and derivative products

• Plamil Chocolate • • Plamil Pease Pudding •

• Plamil Carob Fruit and Nut • • Plamil Del ice (cream replacement) •

• Plamil Rice Pudding (with sultanas) •

Literature (s.a.e. please)

PLAMIL FOODS LTD. BOWLES WELLS GARDENS, FOLKESTONE, KENT.