the vertebrates. vertebrate characteristics vertebrae (backbone) notochord (flexible dorsal rod) ...
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The Vertebrates
Vertebrate Characteristics
Vertebrae (backbone) Notochord (flexible dorsal rod) Nerve cord (hollow) with brain Three layers of cells as an embryo Coelom (body cavity) Tissues and organs Endoskeleton
What are the 5 vertebrate animal groups?
FISHAMPHIBIANSREPTILESBIRDSMAMMALS
The Vertebrate species breakdown:
Number of Species Described
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5000
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15000
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Number
FishReptilesAmphibiansBirdsMammals
On a sheet of paper, make a list of as many animals as you can think of from each of the
five groups.
The Vertebrate species breakdown:
Number of Species Described
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
Number
FishReptilesAmphibiansBirdsMammals
The Animal Kingdom species breakdown:
0
100000
200000
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500000
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900000
Species
PoriferaCnidariansPlatyhelminthesNematodaAnnelidaEchinodermataMolluscaArthropodaFishReptilesAmphibiansBirdsMammals
The Animal Kingdom species breakdown (without insects):
0
20000
40000
60000
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140000
Species
Porifera
Cnidarians
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Echinodermata
Mollusca
Arthropoda (w/ oinsects)Fish
Reptiles
Amphibians
Birds
Mammals
FISH 3 Classes
I. Agnatha
(Jawless fish)
Lamprey eels
Hagfishes
FISH
3 Classes
II. Chondrichthyes
(Cartilaginous fishes)
Sharks,Rays,Skates
• Rays are viviparous (bearing live young)
• Skates are oviparous (laying eggs).
• Skates have one or two dorsal fins
• Rays generally do not have a dorsal fin
• Rays have flat plate-like teeth.
• Skates have cusped teeth.
Ray versus Skate
FISH 3 Classes
III. Osteichthyes
(Bony Fish)
20,000 species!
Fish Facts
• Use gills to breathe and swim bladder for depth• Have scales• Jaws and Bony skeleton• Vertebrae provide flexibility (mobility)• 2-chambered hearts• most have external fertilization• highly developed sensory systems & smell
– lateral line system: fluid-filled canals that allow detection of movement and vibration
AmphibiansAmphibians
“double life” they start as
aquatic larva and grow into a
terrestrial adult!
FROGS
TOADS
CAECILIANS
NEWTS
SALAMANDERS
AMPHIBIAN FACTS
• Ectotherms (body temp = surroundings)
• Metamorphosis (tadpole to frog)
• 3-chambered heart for more energy
• Breathe through skin (so must stay moist)