the viability of sustainability:the viability of sustainability

The Viability of Sustainability:Alexander FreitagThe Viability of Sustainability:The Role of Clean Diesel

gDirector Engineering Diesel Systems Development Robert Bosch LLC

University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute

“Focus on the Future”Automotive Research Conferences

DS/ENS-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.

Diesel Systems

1

Topics:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

Topics:

Market Trends and Regulations

Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process

Summary

Combustion Process Powertrain

Summary

2Diesel Systems

D/ENS-NA | 02.13.2012 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.



Topics:

Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process Combustion Process Powertrain

Summary Summary

3Diesel Systems


Changing Requirements

“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

Changing Requirements

CO2 / Fuel Economy

ResourcesResources

Emissions (HC, CO, NOx, Particulates)

CO2 / Fuel Economy

1970 1980 1990 2000 2020 2040 2060

• ACEA-Selbstverpflichtung

2008: 140g/km (-25%) Power / Comfort

1970 1980 1990 2000 2020 2040 2060

Bosch Innovations

Diesel Systems

D/ENS-NA | 02.06.2013 | 1382_046.ppt © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.4

0 14 US PC/LD Emissions Evolution:


0 10

0.12

0.14

- 95%

US PC/LD Emissions Evolution:

Tier 1

0.08

0.10

[g/m

i]

Bin 10

- 88% - 90%

- 88%

Tier 1

Tier 2

0.04

0.06

PM

Bin 9 2006 vehicles1999 vehicles

Bin 8

0.00

0.02 Bin 8

0 07

Bin 50.01Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8Bin 8

0.01Bin 8Bin 8

Bin 2NOx [g/mi]

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.80.07 1.2 1.4Bin 22009 Clean Diesel Vehicles

More than 90% red ction in criteria emissions in 10 ears

Bin 2Bin 2

5Diesel Systems

More than 90% reduction in criteria emissions in 10 years


Development CO2 fleet targets“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

Development CO2 fleet targets

250 10,5 22,3 9,5

l/100 mpg km/lkm

US CAFE

?

9,4 24,9 10,6

200 8,4 27,9 11,97,5 31,2 13,3km

LT

Cars 35 5 mpg* ?150 6,3 37,2 15,9 5,7 41,5 17,5

100 4,2 55,7 23,8g C

O2

/ Cars 35.5 mpg

54 5 *

-5%

Gasoline

3,8 62,3 26,3

50 2,1 113 47,6… …

54.5 mpg*

CAFE = Corporate Average Fuel Economy PC = Passenger Cars LT / LDT = Light Trucks (pick-ups, vans, SUVs) CARB = California Air Resources Board mpg = miles per gallon

2030 2050

Gasoline(Diesel)

2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

* Combined fleet average

Diesel Systems

Stringent requirements by 2025


MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data

7070 Subcompact Car Compact Car Midsize Car Large CUVPasscar Fleet

Bosch Footprint Based Segments

55

60

65

pg

)

55

60

65

70

pg)

Subcompact Car 5% 201629% 202155% 2025

Compact Car 8% 201633% 202160% 2025

Midsize Car 17% 2016 44% 2021 73% 2025

Large CUV 21% 2016 49% 2021 79% 2025

Passcar Fleet 15% 2016 41% 2021 70% 2025

Large SUV 58% 2016 95% 2021

40

45

50

55

Eco

no

my

(m

40

45

50

55

Eco

nom

y (m

p

MY 2025

MY 2021

95% 2021 134% 2025

25

30

35

40

Fu

el E

25

30

35

40

Fuel

E

MY 2016Small CUV 25% 2016 54% 2021

Large Car 29% 2016

MY 2021

20

25

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70Footprint (sqft)

20

25

30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70Footprint (sqft) Source: Martec 2011/Bosch

54% 2021 85% 2025

59% 2021 91% 2025

/

MY2017 - MY2025 targets based on corrected NPRM 11/30/11

Diesel Systems


MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

MY2011 Passenger Car CAFE Fleet Data

7070

Gasoline and Diesel Passenger Cars

Jetta Sedan BMW 3 SeriesGolf DieselJetta Sportwagon Diesel BMW 3 Series Audi A3

55

60

65

pg

)

55

60

65

pg)

Jetta SedanDiesel

17% above 2016 2% 2021 23% 2025

BMW 3-SeriesDiesel

0% 2016 23% 2021 48% 2025

Golf Diesel15% above 2016 4% 2021 25% 2025

Jetta Sportwagon Diesel 14% above 2016 6% 2021 28% 2025

BMW 3-SeriesGasoline

31% 2016 62% 2021 94% 2025

Audi A3 Diesel

25% above 20167% above 2021 11% 2025

40

45

50

55

Eco

no

my

(m

40

45

50

55

Eco

nom

y (m

p

MY 2025

MY 2021

J S G li

25

30

35

40

Fu

el E

25

30

35

40

Fuel

E

MY 2016

Jetta Sportwagon Gasoline 18% 2016 46% 2021 75% 2025

Audi A3 Gasoline 13% 2016

Golf Gasoline 18% 2016

Jetta SedanGasoline

15% 2016

20

25

40 45 50Footprint (sqft)

20

25

40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50Footprint (sqft) Source: Martec 2011

39% 2021 66% 2025

46% 2021 76% 2025

42% 2021 70% 2025

RBNA/MKR, C/AIR-NA | 2/20/2012 | 110728 CO2 Standard Customer Presentation | © 2012 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.

MY2017 - MY2025 targets based on corrected NPRM 11/30/11

8

DS-NA Key Indicators

U.S. Clean Diesel Vehicle Launch Calendar

New Vehicle Launches by

2018= 36

U.S. Clean Diesel Vehicle Launch Calendar2013 2014 2015 2016≤

Audi A6 (3.0L)

Audi A7 (3.0L)

Audi A8 (3.0L)

Ch l C (2 0L)

BMW 325 (2.0L)

Chevrolet Cruze (2.0L)

Mazda 6 (2.2L)

MB E250 (2.2L)

VW Beetle Conv. (2.0L)

Audi Q5 (3.0L)Q ( )

Jeep Grand Cherokee (3.0L)

MB GLK 250 (2.2L)

MB ML 250 (2 2L)MB ML 250 (2.2L)

Ford Transit (3.2L)

DS/MKL1-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.

Diesel Systems

Announced by OEM = Not Announced by OEM

9



Topics:

Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process

Summary

Combustion Process Powertrain

Summary

10Diesel Systems


Powertrain diversification for Today and the Future


Powertrain diversification for Today and the Future gasoline

EV /range extender

EV (b tt /dieselgasoline

gasoline

diesel

dual fuel

EV / fuel cell

EV / battery EV (battery /fuel cell)

alternative fuelsdiesel alternativefuels

hybridhybrid

EV /range extender

1997 2010 2015

range extender

?V i t f T h i l l ti d d t dd d ti

DS/ENS-NA | 02/13/13 | 1383_046.ppt | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.

Diesel Systems

Variety of Technical solution needed to address energy reduction

11

New powertrains: Estimated world market volumes“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

120 112117

New powertrains: Estimated world market volumes

80

100

Veh

icle

s]

ICE (gasoline / diesel / FlexFuel)

87

84

105109

4

60

es [M

io. V

g

Full Electric Vehicles

Hybrid Vehicles (w/ ICE Engine)

(93%)(93%)

84

20

40

Vol

ume

Others (CNG, LPG)

.267 1 44 1 72

(96%)

02013 2018 2020

2.014.756

1.444.81.45

1.725.361.64

Source: Internal

Internal Combustion Engines will remain the predominant power train for the near future

Diesel Systems

Internal | DS/MKL1-NA | 1/2013 | © 2013 Robert Bosch LLC and affiliates. All rights reserved.12

Optimizing the Diesel System“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

Optimizing the Diesel System

Combustion Process

Powertrain

Hybrid Technology

Air Management

Combustion Process Reduction of

compression ratio Combustion

i

Hybrid Technology

Swirl-/Throttle Valve

Turbo Charger/VGT*

strategies

Exhaust gas management

Fast Catalyst Light-Off (reduce thermal losses)Fuel Injection System Tolerance Reduction

Diesel Particulate Filter

NOx storage catalyst

Catalystst temp control

New Generations Multiple Injections Reduced Tolerance

Zero Fuel Calibration

Fuel Balancing Control

Individual Cylinder Optimized Nozzle Control

*VGT= Variable Geometry TurboDiesel Systems


22 NOX SootHybrid: No longer a gasoline story


P [

bar] 15

20

18

20 Fuel Consumption in g/kWh

NOX Soot

High Low

Hybrid: No longer a gasoline story

BM

EP

5

10

ar]

14

16

230

210

220

220

Low

High

1000 2000 3000 40000

N [1/min]1000 2000 3000 4000

BM

EP

[ba

8

10

12

230230

220

20CO HC

4

6

8

300270

270

240 240

240

BM

EP

[ba

r]10

15 Low Low

1000 2000 3000 40000

2

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000500

500

500400 400

400300300

300270 270 B

0

5

1000 2000 3000 4000

High HighDisadvantage Area

24

Engine Speed [rpm]Engine Speed [rpm] Engine Speed [rpm]

Diesel Systems


Mild H b idStrong Hybrid Strong Hybrid


Mild HybridStrong Hybridw/ mech. drive

Strong Hybridw/o mech. drive

ElectricalPower demand

Low Mid High

Recuperation Potential

Low High High

Performance inEl t i D i i

Very Low High Very highElectric Driving

y g y g

Efficiency Chain of Drivetrain

Mid High Mid

CO Potential Mid High MidCO2 Potential Mid High Mid

Architectures IMGengineengine Clutch or

t/conengine

motor

Battery+ - Invertermotor

AMT or ATmech. coupled

clutchAT w/o t/con or AMT

AT: Automatic Transmissiont/con: torque converterAMT: Automated Manual Transmission

Elimination of engine low load area requires pure electrical driving

25Diesel Systems

Parallel architecture with a single clutch is a smart solution with low complexity



Parallel Strong Hybrid – Single ClutchParallel Strong Hybrid – Single Clutch

• Diesel Engine: DI 1.6l, Pmax = 85 kW

• Gearbox: 6-speed AMT

k

Diesel Engine E-Motor

Gearbox • E-Motor: IMG, Pmax = 25 kW

• Battery: Li-Ion, Capacity = 1.5 kWh

SES

AMT: Automated Manual TransmissionIMG: Integrated Motor Generator SES: Standard Electric Starter

Elimination of engine low load area requires pure electrical driving

26Diesel Systems

Parallel architecture with a single clutch is a smart solution with low complexity


0h Split Test:


-400

-200

Cha

rge

in W

h

Full Test (NEDC)S lit T t (UDC EUDC)

Split Test:Battery balance is also forced at the end of UDC

-800

-600

Sta

te o

f C Split Test (UDC + EUDC)Vehicle Speed

100%

mis

sion

ctio

nal)

Conventional VehicleHybrid Full Test

UDC EUDC

iona

l*)

~20 % CO2 reduction

2

50%

75%

tive

CO

2 E

mt o

f con

venc Hybrid - Full Test

Hybrid - Split test

t of c

onve

nti

CO2 emission reductionby combining urbanwith extra urban driving

0%

25%

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

Cum

ulat

(per

cen

t(p

er c

ent

* Basis: CO2 Emission in g

with extra urban driving

27

Time in s

Diesel Systems

2 gof Conventional Vehicle in NEDC

NEDC=New European Driving CycleUDC=Urban Driving CycleEUDC=Extra Urban Driving Cycle



Basis: CO2 Emission in g/km of Conventional Vehicle* in NEDC

tiona

l*)

nt o

f con

vent

-9%25%

(per

cen

NE

DC

UD

C

EU

DC

NE

DC

UD

C

EU

DC

NE

DC

UD

C

EU

DC

C ti l V hi l HEV F ll T t HEV S lit T tConventional Vehicle HEV – Full Test HEV – Split Test

*Conventional Vehicle: 1470 kg IW, 1.6 l Diesel Engine, Euro 5; HEV: 1590 kg IW, 1.6 l Diesel Engine + 25 kW E-Motor

28

Reduced CO2 emission difference between urban and extra urban driving with hybrid


Diesel Systems



Topics:

Future approach Air & Fuel management Air & Fuel management Exhaust Gas Management Tolerance Reduction Combustion Process Combustion Process Powertrain

Summary Summary

29Diesel Systems


Summary:“Focus on the Future” UMTRI conference 13 Feb. 2013

Summary:

Cont. work ongoing to further improve fuel economy Diesel will maintain advantage compared to gasoline

LEV III work ongoing N T h l i id i i b fit

Diesel will maintain advantage compared to gasoline

New Technologies provide emissions benefit

GHG reduction work ongoing

Full system approach required to meet

New Technologies provide GHG benefit

y pp q FE and criteria emission targets

30Diesel Systems


the viability of sustainability:the viability of sustainability

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