the visualization of health care data a overview of information visualization tools in the health...

The Visualization of Health Care Data

A overview of information visualization tools in the health care data domain

By Dan Rosenstein17:610:554

Fall 2015

Definitions of Financial Data

The visualization of health care data is a variedarea that has a myriad of different approaches

The topics covered are varied. It can range frominsurance, Obamacare, hospital rankings,Medicare and so on. The data is endless. Healthcare Data Is unique and can be difficult to measure because it is always changing.

Clusters of Tools

I've separated these healthcare data visualizations into five distinct data sets: Geographic Models Dashboards Tree mapsCharting Tools Hybrid Tools

Cluster #1:Geographic Models

CountyHealthRankings.orghttp://www.countyhealthrankings.org

Census http://www.census.gov/

Visual.ly http://visual.ly/

New York Times http://nytimes.com

LA Times www.latimes.com

Health Map.Org http://www.healthmap.org/en/

Arthritis AAAP http://www.arthritismap.com.au

Characteristics of Geographic Models

Geographic models are a set of tools and techniques supporting geospatial data analysis through the use of interactive visualization. These tools use a visual display on a globe or map. It primarily uses color, sometimes different shades of the same color or different colors entirely to depict data. This data can be broken down categorically by continent, country, state, county, borough, etc. Some of the designs are not broken down that way and just show a geographic map which is similar to what your car GPS would show. Some have the ability to explore different layers of the map, to zoom in or out, and to change the visual appearance of the map, usually on a computer display.

Model Tool

NYTIMES

Where Poor and Uninsured Americans Live

http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/10/02/us/uninsured-americans-map.html?_r=2&

IV Toolbox #1Perceptual Coding

Interaction

Position Direct Manipulation

X

Size Immediate Feedback

X

Orientation Linked Displays

Texture Animate Shift of Focus

Shape Dynamic Sliders

Color X Semantic Zoom

Shading X Focus plus Context

X

Depth Cues Details on Demand

Surface Output / InputMotionStereo Information

DensityProximity X Maximize

Data-Ink ratioX

Similarity X Maximize Data Density

X

Continuity Minimize Lie Factor

X

Connectedness

ClosureContainment

Cluster #2

TreeMaps

GDB Compare|VizHub (http://vizhub.healthdata.org)

California HealthCare Foundation (http://www.chcf.org/)

Characteristics of #2Tree maps display hierarchical (tree-structured) data as a set of nested rectangles. Each branch of the tree is given a rectangle, which is then tiled with smaller rectangles representing sub-branches. A leaf node's rectangle has an area proportional to specified data dimensions. Often the leaf nodes are colored to show a separate dimension of the data.

When the color and size dimensions are correlated in some way with the tree structure, one can often easily see patterns that would be difficult to spot in other ways, such as if a certain color is particularly relevant. A second advantage of tree maps is that, by construction, they make efficient use of space. As a result, they can legibly display thousands of items on the screen simultaneously. In information visualization and computing, tree mapping is a method for displaying hierarchical data by using nested rectangles.

Model Tool #2

GDB Compare|VizHub

http://vizhub.healthdata.org/gbd-compare/



IV Toolbox for #2Perceptual Coding

Interaction

Position X Direct Manipulation

X

Size Immediate Feedback

X


X


Shape X Dynamic Sliders

X


Shading Focus plus Context

X


X

Surface Output / Input XMotionStereo Information

DensityProximity Maximize

Data-Ink ratioX

Similarity Maximize Data Density

X


X

Connectedness

ClosureContainment

Cluster #3

Dashboards

IDasboard (idashboards.com)

DataWatch Health Care Dashbard http://www.datawatch.com/

Characteristics of #3Dashboard popularity is continuing to grow as organizations look for easier ways to access information within large data sets and to analyze that information in hopes of managing performance, making better decisions and lowering overall costs. This visualization can be a combination of bar charts, stacked bar charts, pie charts, heat maps, geographic maps and others. It most resembles a speedometer found in the dashboards of automobiles. The needles on these dashboard icons can display the relative placement of a data set between two extremes, which depend on what sort of tool is being used.

Model #3 Tool

DataWatch Health Care Dashbard

http://www.dashboardinsight.com/CMS/3f7edc6b-609f-4b54-9e81-8ac7629a2798/Healthcare-performance-dashboard.png


Interaction


Size X Immediate Feedback

X



Shape X Dynamic Sliders






Data-Ink ratioX


X


X

Connectedness

ClosureContainment

Cluster #4

Charting Software

iCharts (icharts.net)

Eagereyes (https://eagereyes.org

GE (http://www.ge.com/

DataPine (http://www.datapine.com

PDViz.com (Power of Data Visualization)

Characteristics of #4

Charting tools refer to tools such as tables, bar graphs, vertical and horizontal line graphs, time lines, or pie charts. This is a varied group and to me, they are considered as the “basics of data visualization”. A lot of us grew up viewing these visualizations or saw them on standardized tests in school. Charts and graphs are a large part of this data domain set.

Model #4

GE

The Actual Cost of Getting Sick

http://infosthetics.com/archives/2009/11/visualizing_the_cost_of_getting_sick.html#extended


Interaction



X


X



X



X


X



Data-Ink ratioSimilarity Maximize

Data DensityContinuity Minimize Lie

FactorX

Connectedness

ClosureContainment

Cluster #5Hybrid Tools

The Pew Charitable Trusts http://www.pewtrusts.org/

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation http://www.healthdata.org/

Washington Post https://www.washingtonpost.com

Fusion Charts http://www.fusioncharts.com

Characteristics of #5

These hybrid tools allow the end user to see the same data in different types of charts. It can be seen either on a map, line chart, bar chart, scatterplot, etc. The main concept is that the user can interact with the data and choose which format best fits the data they are trying to view.

Model #5

Institute for Health Metrics and EvaluationCauses of Death Metric

http://vizhub.healthdata.org/cod/


Interaction


x


X


X



X


Shading X Focus plus Context

X


X



Data-Ink ratiox


Continuity x Minimize Lie Factor

X

Connectedness

ClosureContainment

ConclusionI found this to be a very rewarding project. There is a lot of emotion in this country when it comes to health care and systems around the world very much vary from one another. The numbers don't lie and I often wish people would look at the data before forming an opinion; not just about healthcare, but everything in general. For this assignment, I was looking for the best visualizations that told me a story. Some of these elements include: using sharp contrasts, visual grouping, use the pop out effect, Maximize the data-ink ratio, Maximize data density, Direct Manipulation, provide Immediate feedback, linked displays, Dynamic Queries, tight coupling, and increase information density. As I stated in the introduction, a good visualization tool keeps the end user engaged and allows them to see different types of data. Many of the health care data visualizations listed here do that and can make the public better educated in their decision making and views on topics.

BibliographyWhitney, Hunter (2010). Beyond the Medical Chart: Information visualization for improving personal and public health. UX Magazine. Article no: 568

California Healthcare Foundation (2014).Worth a Thousand Words: How to Display Health Data.This article can be retrieved at http://www.chcf.org/~/media/MEDIA%20LIBRARY%20Files/PDF/PDF%20W/PDF%20WorthThousandWordsDataViz.pdf

Hopkins, Dan (2015). How Healthcare Visualizations can Improve Organizational Buy-In. This article can be retrieved at https://www.healthcatalyst.com/healthcare-visualization-benefits

Shneiderman, Ben; Plaisant, Catherine&Hesse, Bradford W. (2015).Improving Health and Healthcare with Interactive Visualization Methods.This article can be retrieved athttps://www.cs.umd.edu/~ben/papers/Shneiderman2013Improving.pdf

Plummer, Ben (2014).Visualizing Big Data in Healthcare IT.Healthcare Business Today.This article can be retrieved athttp://www.healthcarebusinesstoday.com/visualizing-big-data-in-healthcare-it/

Heubl, Ben (2014) Can Public Health Data Mapping and Visualization Transform Healthcare Globally?This article can be retrieved athttp://hitconsultant.net/2014/07/31/can-public-health-data-mapping-transform-healthcare-globally/

Bibliography ContinuedVenkatraman , Archana (2014). Ipswich hospital improves healthcare service with Esri data visualization. This article can be retrieved at

http://www.computerweekly.com/news/2240233628/Ipswich-hospital-improves-healthcare-service-with-Esri-data-visualisation-tools

Watson, Zach (2015). Common data visualizations for healthcare Organizations This article can be retrieved athttp://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/healthitexchange/CommunityBlog/common-data-visualizations-for-healthcare-organizations/

(2014) Data visualization to fine-tune healthcare.This article can be retrieved At http://renci.org/news/data-visualization-to-fine-tune-healthcare/

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