PowerPoint Presentation

The Water Energy Nexus: A Marriage of ConvenienceBy:Charles Chindove

November 11, 2016

OUTLINE

The ConceptWater Systems Energy NeedsEnergy Systems Water NeedsVulnerability of Energy to Water Constraints

Concluding RemarksThe Water Energy Nexus: A Marriage of Convenience

The concept:The relationship between the water used for energy production (primary energy and electricity production) and energy consumed to extract, purify, deliver, heat/cool and dispose ofwaste water.All forms of energy production consumes water directly or Indirectlyand Energy is needed access to water and make it usableThe Water Energy Nexus: A Marriage of Convenience

Water Systems Energy NeedsSource: International Energy Agency

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Source: United States Department of Energy (DOE)Energy Systems Water Needs

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The vulnerability of energy to water constraintsIndia (2012): Delayed MonsoonBlackouts lasting several days - Over 600 million people.China (2011): Drought Limited hydro generation along the Yangtze river - Electricity rationing.Vietnam and Philippines (2010): Drought (the El Nio weather phenomenon).Reduced hydro generation and causing electricity shortages.China (2008): Dozens of planned coal-to-liquids (CTL) projects were abandoned due in part to concerns they would place heavy burdens on scare water resourcesSoutheast United States (2007): Drought Tennessee Valley Authority curtailed hydro generation, reduced output from nuclear and fossil fuel-based plants to conserve water.Midwest United States (2006): Heat wave Reduced output from nuclear plants because of the high water temperature of the Mississippi River.France (2003): Heat wave Reduced output from nuclear power plants equivalent to the loss of 4-5 reactors - Estimated 300 million to import electricity by lectricit de France (EDF). Australia, Bulgaria, Canada, France, U.S (parts): Public concern over potential impact of unconventional gas production on the environment and water resources prompted additional regulation and, in some jurisdictions, temporary moratoria or bans on hydraulic fracturing (IEA 2012).

Concluding Remarks

Managing water and energy resources require:The nexus approach Systems integration

Biofuels vrs. Food and Water Security.

Electric Cars vrs. Water Security.

@ Environment@ Climate change@ Economic aspects@ Social aspects@ Population growth@ Food security

Water Energy Nexus conflicts, synergies and trade-offs

References:

Biggs et al., 2015. Sustainable development and the waterenergyfood nexus: A perspective on livelihoods.

Cheng, H. (2009). Meeting Chinas Water Shortage Crisis: Current Practices and Challenges. Environmental Science & Technology, 43(2), 240-244

Copeland, C., 2014. Energy-Water Nexus: The Water Sectors Energy Use.Gleick, P. (1994), Water and Energy, Annual Review of Energy and Environment, Vol. 36, No. 3, Annual Reviews, Palo Alto, United States, pp. 267-299.

Griffiths-Sattenspiel, B. and Wilson. W., 2009. The Carbon Footprint of Water, River Network, Hereinafter, The Carbon Footprint of Water.Ringler, C., Bhaduri, A., Lawford, R., 2013. The nexus across water, energy, land and food (WELF): potential for improved resource use efficiency? Curr. Opin. Environ. Sustainability 5, 617624.King C.W & Webber M.E., 2008. The Water Intensity of the Plugged-In Automotive Economy. Environ. Sci. Technol., pp 43054311 Available at: http://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/es800367mSchornagel, J., et al. (2012), Water Accounting for (Agro) Industrial Operations and its Application to Energy Pathways, Resources, Conservation and Recycling, Vol. 61, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1-15.Torcellini, P., N. Long and R. Judkoff (2003), Consumptive Water Use for US Power Production, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, United States.U.S. Department of Energy. 2006. Energy demands on water resources: report to congress on the interdependency of energy and water. Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA. http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/energy/2012/08/120817-record-heat-drought-pose-problems-for-electric-power-grid/https://www.odi.org/events/4000-tackling-trade-offs-food-water-energy-nexus-lessons-sdgs