the weight of history shunji cui department of political science school of public affairs zhejiang...
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2012 Over Islands RowTRANSCRIPT
The Weight of History
Shunji Cui Department of Political Science
School of Public Affairs Zhejiang University
Email: [email protected]
PEAP : L6
Anti-Japanese Sentiment in China
Students Demonstration 2005
2012 Over Islands Row
Why nationalism in East Asia often causing conflicts between countries?
Why is it so difficult for governments to pursue conciliatory FP towards each other?
How does nationalism play in relations in East Asia?
The arrival of nationalism in East Asia
The Sino-Centric World Order Until it encountered the European IS in mid-19cEast Asia:A self-contained world == the ‘Chinese world order’ ‘the East Asian world order’ This Sino-centric world was a ‘regional’ society, or a ‘sub-global international system’It developed within the area of Chinese culture and was heavily influenced by the civilisation of ancient China. It co-existed with the European society of states until the mid-nineteenth century.
The Sino-Centric World Order Yet it was also a unified and ‘universal’ empire, which
theoretically embraced the entire world. J. K. Fairbank (1968): Although in European parlance, it became the Far East,
in Chinese terms this Far Eastern world was Sino-centric.
From time of the Middle Kingdom (中国 , China), it was dominated by the Chinese empire (天下 , all-
under-heaven), presided over by the Son of Heaven (天子 , the Chinese
emperor).
The Traditional Chinese World Order The Influence of Confucian Doctrine 天子 , the Son of Heaven = The Chinese emperor China, (中国 ) = The Middle Kingdom 天下 , all-under-heaven = the Chinese empire Hierarchical Order Five important human relations father/son,
ruler/official, husband/wife, elder/younger brother, friend/friend. kowtows
The Great Leaning《大学》 on order & peace Chinese Civilizational Superiority Historical Continuity
The European Expansion to East Asia 19c, the West Expansion, the failure of normal
trading and diplomatic relations. The Opium War, 1840 ~
Treaty of Nanjing with Britain (1842) Treaty of Tianjin with Russia (1860) They were opprobrium ‘unequal treaties’ Imposed, dictated unequal obligations, compromised
China’s sovereignty, symbolized evolving perception of humiliation and injustice.
From Western Intrusion to Japanese Imperialism Sino-Japanese War, 1894-95 Japanese invasion of Manchuria 1930s, and
conquering most of Chinese territory 1940s
The Collapse of Chinese Empire The entry of China and Japan into the Western-dominated
international society indicated that end of Chinese WO But it is still important to ask as how???? The impact of external threat??? bound regional actors more
strongly together against a common enemy?? If so, Western expansion might have generated a regional
collective identity, a ‘we-ness’ against the ‘other’. Yet the processes telling us something different stories. There was no ‘common response’ and, indeed, if anything,
regional collective identity was weakened rather than strengthened. In particular, the rise of Sino-Japanese rivalry, and Korea became the focal point in this drama.
Korea’s Entry into IS Korea’s Refusal to entry into Western IS China’s A Dualistic Policy towards Korea Japan Opens Korea
The Treaty of Kanghwa and the Opening of Korea The ‘Sei-Kan Ron’(征韩论 ) and the ‘Unyo’ Incident The Treaty of Kanghwa, 27 February 1876. China’s Interventionist Posture Korea’s treaties with Western powers The End of Chinese WO by the early 1880s Sino-Japanese War in 1894-95
Meiji Restoration
Satsuma–Chōshū Alliance
Satsuma (Kagoshima prefecture) Chōshū (Yamaguchi prefecture)
KyotoCapital of Nara,
Heian Periods
Images of Japanese Militarism
Implications to Regional Identity
For Japan
For China
For Korea
For SEAn Countries