the weird, wacky, wonderful world of… kingdom protista! animal-like animal-like protists...
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The weird, Wacky, wonderful
world of… Kingdom Protista!
Animal-like Animal-like ProtistsPlant-likePlant-like Protists
Fungus-likeFungus-like Protists
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What is a protist??
• Kingdom Protista is a dumping ground for organisms that don’t fit into any other Eukarya kingdoms
– Eukaryotes
– Unicellular or colonial
– Lots of different life styles
– Live in most environments
– Categorized by nutrition
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Autotrophic Protists
• Algae (singular: alga)• Photosynthetic
– Produce most of the oxygen in the atmosphere!
• No roots, stems, or leaves• 4 phyla:
– Euglenaphytes (no cell wall; can be heterotroph in low light)– Diatoms (patterned silica shells)– Dinoflagellates (cause of red tides and bioluminescence; some
are heterotrophs)– Red, Brown, Green algae
• Green algae were likely ancestral plants
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Euglena
Dinoflagellates
Diatoms
Volvox
Chlamydomonas
Pediastrum
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Volvox
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A close-up of Volvox cells within the colony; 2 flagella and red eyespot are visible
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Diatom cell wall is made of silica (like glass)
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Bioluminescent Dinoflagellates
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Red tides caused by toxic dinoflagellates. This red tide killed some fish.
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Giant kelp are multicellular brown algae!
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Fungus-like Heterotrophic Protists
• Saprotrophs (feed on dead organisms or live as plant parasites)
• Unlike fungi, they can move!
• 3 phyla: – Cellular Slime
Molds
– Plasmodium Slime Molds
– Water Molds
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Dog Vomit Slime Mold
Slime molds creep by amoeboid movement – can move as much as 2.5 cm/hour!
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Water mold growing on a dead mayfly larvae
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Animal-like Heterotrophic Protists
• Proto = first; zoa = animals (singular: Protozoan, plural: protozoa)
• Unicellular• Heterotrophs• 4 phyla (mostly grouped based on method of
movement)– Ciliates– Flagellates– Amoeboids– Sporozoans
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Ciliates & Flagellates
• Ciliates– Use cilia for movement
– Not parasitic
– Example: Paramecium
• Flagellates– Use flagella for movement
– Some parasitic, e.g.,…
• Trypanosoma (African sleeping sickness)
• Giardia lamblia
– Some mutualistic, e.g.,…
• Trichonympha (help termites digest wood)
Giardia lamblia
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ParameciumTrichonympha
Cilia
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Trichomonas vaginalis: an STD
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African Sleeping Sickness (Trypanosoma)
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Amoeboids• Move via pseudopod ("false foot")
– Pseudopods: Cytoplasm-filled projections
• Engulfs food by flowing around it
• Examples– Entamueba histolytica (amoebic
dysentery)
– Foraminifera (CaCO3 shell)
– Amoeba
Entamueba histolytica
Foraminifera Foraminifera Amoeba
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Sporozoans
• Sporozoans– Parasitic; live inside a host
– Cannot move on their own
– Examples: Plasmodium falciparum (malaria), Toxoplasma gondii (toxoplasmosis)
Plasmodium Toxoplasma
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Malaria in red blood cells