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CTBUCL

Edward Vanhoutte

Royal Academy of Dutch Language & LiteratureUniversity College London Centre for Digital HumanitiesLLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)

[email protected]@evanhoutte

The World of Digital Humanities:Digital Humanities in the world

Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom

The World of Digital Humanities

What are the/is Digital Humanities?

History

Humanities Computing

Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities in the World

Reality check

Centres | publications | resources

Research/Projects

OUTLINE

The World of Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Willard McCarty [2003]

'This, for the humanities, is a question not to be answered but continually to beexplored and refined'

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Willard McCarty [2003]

'This, for the humanities, is a question not to be answered but continually to beexplored and refined'

Day of Digital Humanities [2009-present]

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Day of DH [2009-present]

A social publication project that began with reflection on what we do as we do it

2014: 8 April 2014 @DayofDH

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Day of DH [2009-present]

A social publication project that began with reflection on what we do as we do it

ca 300 participants worldwide

Blogging: Day in the life of a DH

Q: What is Digital Humanities?

Differing & Contradictory views

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Definitions of DH

The application of technology to the humanities

Working with digital media or a in a digital environment

Digital Humanities = Humanities done digitally

Transition moment towards future Humanities

Big Tent

Method & community

Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity

Using digital & studying digital

Cf. also Gibbs 2012

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

The application of computational methods to research and teaching in the humanities.John Unsworth

The theorizing, developing and application of/on computational techniques to humanities subjects.Edward Vanhoutte

Digital Analog/Traditional Humanities How much / How innovative technology?

The application of technology to the humanities

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Anything a Humanities scholar does that is mediated digitally, especially when such mediation opens discussion beyond a small circle of academic specialists.David Wacks

The performance of humanities related activities in, through and with digital media.Christopher Long

Digital Analog/Print communication I made a website / I use Twitter

Working with digital media or in a digital environment

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

We dont distinguish digital sociology or digital astronomy, so why digital humanities? Just because computers are involved doesnt mean the basic nature of the subject area is any different than it has been traditionally.Philip R. Pib Burns

Digital Humanities is, increasingly, just Humanitiesas far as Im concerned. New tools lead to new methodologies, new perspectives, and new questions that all humanists should be aware of and concerned with.Benjamin Albritton

The computer as a tool

Digital Humanities = Humanities done digitally

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Digital Humanities are the first step towards Future Humanities.Davor

A name that marks a moment of transition; the current name for humanities inquiry driven by or dependent on computers or digitally born objects of study; a temporary epithet for what will eventually be called merely Humanities.Mark/Marino

Fleeting nature of difference / Transition

Transition moment towards future Humanities

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

DH is an umbrella term that, depending on who you aretalking to, covers a huge territory: everything from applied text analysis and corpus stylistics to the more esoteric and theoretical realms of video game criticism.Matthew Jockers

The computer as a tool

Big Tent

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

The digital humanities is a name claimed by a community of those interested in digital methodologies and/or content in the humanities.Rebecca Davis

A broad church but a common hymn sheet.Anno Ici

To me, DH is about making connections between people, ideas, and fields; the creative production of new ideas, questions, analyses, and technology; and engagement with a community that extends beyond academia.Ashley Wiersma

Methodology & Community

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

I think Digital Humanities is a kind of fast-acting glue that allows scholars with different academic backgrounds to collaborate instantly.Mitsuyuki Inaba, Ritsumeikan University, Japan

What sets Digital Humanities apart, for me, is its genuine interdisciplinarity, its permanent emergence, and its open communication.Christof Schch

The great opportunity to burn down academic walls.Enrica Salvatori

Collaboration/Interdisciplinarity

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

I see Digital Humanities as an umbrella term for two different but related developments: 1) Humanities Computing (the specialist use of computing technology to undertake Humanities research) and 2) the implications for the Humanities of the social revolution created by ubiquitous computing and online access. Since the late noughties the latter seems to have become the driving force in DH with responsibility for much of the boom in public interest and funding.Leif Isaksen

Humanities Computing DH

Using digital & studying digital

Humanities Computing

The practice of using computingfor and in the humanitiesfrom the early 1950s tot 2004

Digital Humanities

Became prominent name of the field in 2004

DIGITAL HUMANITIES?

Lexical Text Analysis Literary & Linguistic Computing

Ada Lovelace (1815-1852)

Again, it [the operating mechanism, EV] might act upon other things besides number, were objects found whose mutual fundamental relations could be expressed by those of the abstract science of operations, and which should be also susceptible of adaptations to the action of the operating notation and mechanism of the engine. Supposing, for instance, that the fundamental relations of pitched sounds in the science of harmony and of musical composition were susceptible of such expression and adaptations, the engine might compose elaborate and scientific pieces of music of any degree of complexity or extent. (Lovelace, 1961 [1843], p. 248-249)

History

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

Construction started 1943

Ballistic research during WWII

Operational in 1946

History

EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer)

First binary stored program computer

Ballistic research during WWII

Operational in 1951

Warren Weaver (1894-1978)

Science:Mathematics

Humanities:Machine Translation

History

Machine Translation

The application of computers to the translation of texts from one natural language into another

History

Machine Translation

The application of computers to the translation of texts from one natural language into another

Arguments

Pragmatic & social: communication

Academic & political: collaboration / peace

Military: knowing what the enemy knows

Economical: selling a good product

History

Andrew D. Booth (1918-2009)

A concluding example, of possible application of electronic computer, is that of translating from one language into another. We have considered this problem in some detail, and it aspires that a machine of the type envisaged could perform this function without any modification in its design.[12 February 1948]

History

W. Weaver: 'Translation' (15 July 1949)

History

Machine Translation

1946: Discussions Weaver Booth1948: Memorandum by Booth1949: 'Translation' by Weaver1952: International Conference on MT1953: 'Automatic Digital Calculators' by Booth & Booth1954: Demonstration at IBM headquarters1954: PhD on MT by Anthony Oettinger1954: Journal 'Mechanical Translation'1955-1966: Organisation of the field1962: Association for MT and Computational Linguistics1966: ALPAC report

History

ALPAC report [1966]

Funding should be provided for: The improvement of translation by developing machine aids for human translators

For Computational Linguistics

History

Machine Translation

Concordances / Glossaries

Authorship attribution

Stylistic studies

Relative chronology

Fragment problems papyri

Tape library

[Michael Levison, 1967]

History

Concordances

Frequency lists

Lemmatizations

Lexical Text Analysis

Roberto Busa (1913-2011)

Index ThomisticusLemmatized concordance of all the words in the complete works of Thomas Aquinas.

Commercial accounting machines (IBM)

History

Michael Levison (? - ?)

Computerized Concordance to the Revised Standard Version of the Bible

Magnetic tape technology UNIVAC (RAND)

History

History

Up to the publication of the infamous ALPAC report in 1966, Computational Linguistics and Lexical Text Analysis were not separated fields, and used statistical analysis for the creation of indexes, concordances, corpora, and dictionaries. But from then onwards, Computational Linguistics embraced the symbolic approach and abandoned statistical analysis which has been at the heart of Humanities Computing.

Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities

1965: Computers for the humanities? [IBM]

1967: Computers in Humanistic Research. Readings and Perspectives.

anthropology, archaeology, history, political sciences, language, literature, and musicology.

History

Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities

1964: Literary and Linguistic Computing Centre(LLCC) - Cambridge

1966: CHum

1970: ICLLC

1973: ALLC

1973: ALLC Bulletin

1973: ALLC/ICCH

1978: ACH

1980: ALLC Journal

1986: Literary & Linguistic Computing

History

Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities

Europe: focus on literary and linguistic studies of language in literary form

America: broader interest in computer-based studies of language in literary and non-literary form

History

Literary & Linguistic ComputingComputing in/for the Humanities

1980

Susan Hockey: A Guide to Computer Applications in the Humanities

Robert Oakman: Computer Methods for Literary Research

History

'Humanities Computing'

1966: Heller & Logemann: activity

1968: 'Humanities Computing Activities in Italy'

1974: 'the future of humanities computing'

1980's: term was widespread

1988 & 1991: Humanities Computing Yearbook

1991-1996: Research in Humanities Computing

History

Humanities Computing McCarty

Computing for the Humanities lack of modelling Instrumental

Computing in the Humanities importance of modelling Methodological

Humanities Computing

Modelling

The heuristic process of constructing and manipulationg models

Model

Denotative: a representation of something

Exemplary: a design for realising something new

Humanities Computing

Modelling Purpose

is never to establish the truth directlybut it is to achieve failure so as to raise and point the question of how we know what we know (McCarty, 1999b), what we do not know, and to give us what we do not yet have (McCarty 2004,p. 255).

Humanities Computing

Modelling // Computer Science

HC: starts from the modelling of imperfectly articulated knowledge (McCarty, 2005, p. 194), and works its way up through further steps ofcomputational modelling till it reaches the stage of a deeper understanding of the world.

CS (and programming in particular): startsfrom a real world problem and travels down to its implementation in hardware.

Humanities Computing

Method of HC

Humanities Computing

Formalisation

Heuristics: the study of interpretation that confers value on cultural objects

Text Encoding: use of markup for the articulation and documentation of different semiotic systems in text

Empirical Modelling

Text Encoding Initiative [TEI]

Principles:

Platform-independent

Software-independent

Endurability

Re-usability

Accessibility

Language-independent

For all of the Humanities disciplines

SGML ISO 8879:1996 XML

Humanities Computing

Text Encoding Initiative [TEI]

Humanities Computing

Digital Humanities

Has definitely but not definitively replaced Humanities Computing as a name for the field.

Digital Humanities

Popularization

Socialization

Trivialization?

The popular qualification digital only relates to the technological (instrumental?) element of computation without using jargon language such as computer, computing or computational.

Digital Humanities

Humanities Computing: more hermetic term

clearer purview: relates to the crossroads where informatics and information science meet with the humanities

had a history built on LTA & MT

Digital Humanities: does not refer to such a specialized activity,

provides a big tent for all digital scholarship in the humanities.

Patrik Svensson [DHQ]

Humanities Computing Digital Humanities

There are many scholars involved in what may be called digital humanities who have no or little knowledge of humanities computing, and vice versa, many humanities computing representatives who do not engage much with current 'new media' studies of matters such as platform studies, transmedia perspectives or database aesthetics.

Digital Humanities

Rafael Alvarado

Instead of a definition, we have a genealogy, a network of family resemblances among provisional schools of thought, methodological interests, and preferred tools, a history of people who have chosen to call themselves digital humanists and who in the process of trying to define the term are creating that definition. Social Category

Digital Humanities

Matthew Kirschenbaum

At a moment when the academy in general and the humanities in particular are the object of massive and wrenching changes, digital humanities emerges as a rare vector for jujitsu, simultaneously serving to position the humanities at the very forefront of certain valueladen agendasentrepreneurship, openness and public engagement, future-oriented thinking, collaboration, interdisciplinarity, big data, industry tie-ins, and distance or distributed educationwhile at the same time allowing for various forms of intra-institutional mobility as new courses are mooted, new colleagues are hired, new resources are allotted, and old resources are reallocated.

Digital Humanities

Matthew Kirschenbaum

A tactical convenience

Digital Humanities

2004

Digital Humanities

2004

Digital Humanities

2004

Digital Humanities

Tries to model the surrounding world in order to reach at a better understading of humans, their activities and what they produce.

Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities

Digital Humanities in the world

Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom

Geographically

195 DH centres registered on CenterNet

Geographically

DH2014: 589 papers from 35 countries

Geographically

DH2014: 589 papers from 35 countries

Organizations

ADHO: Alliance of Digital Humanities Organizations

EADH: European Association for Digital Humanities

ACH: Association for Computers and the Humanities

CSDH/SCHN: Canadian Society for Digital Humanities

AaDH: Australasian Association for Digital Humanities

JADH: Japanese Association for Digital Humanities

CenterNet

Geographically

LLC 2012: 107 papers from 30 countries

Thematically

Thematically

Financially

Financially

Publications Journals

+ 3,500 Institutional subscribers+ 560 Individual subscribers59 published papers753 pp.Impact Factor: 0.717

@LLCJournal

Official Journal of ADHO: EADH

ACH

CSDH/SCHN

AaDH

JADH

CenterNet

Publications Journals

DHQ: Digital Humanities QuarterlyOpen Access

Publications Journals

Digital Studies / Le champ numriqueOpen Access

Publications Journals

JDH: Journal of Digital HumanitiesOpen Access

Publications Journals

Online refereed journal

Publications Journals

Official journal of the Text Encoding Initiative Consortium

Publications Books

Online Resources

highlights and distributes informally published digital humanities scholarship and resources

Online Resources

a community-based Q&A board for digital humanities

Online Resources

Free interactive tutorials on TEI

Online communities

International electronic seminar on humanities computing and the digital humanities.

Online communities

International web-based community for medievalists working with digital media.

Online communities

Decentralised and international community interested in the application of innovative digital methods and technologies to research on the ancient world.

Twitter communities

Comprehensive list of scholars in digital humanities & editors of Digital Humanities Now @dhnow. @digitalhumanities

Twitter communities

@LLCJournal

Twitter communities

@eadh_org

Twitter communities

@DefiningDH

Training

DH undergraduate, masters, and PhD programs

Training

Week of intensive coursework, seminars, & lectures

Training

Summer Schools

Oxford [UK]

Leipzig [Germany]

Bern [Switzerland]

Research & Projects

Research & Projects

Male: 70%

Female writers adopting male style

Female: 80%

Elliot

Kipling / James / Trollope / Hardy

Research & Projects

Iris Murdoch: died with Alzheimers

Agatha Christie: suspected of having died with Alzheimers

P.D. James: aged healthily

Signs of dementia can be found in diachronic analyses of patients' writings and lead to new understanding of the work of the individual authors whom we studied

Research & Projects

Research & Projects

Not more than two-dozen ancient individuals living from around 2200 BC to 421 AD authored the Book of Mormon [1830]

But

Five 19th century authors:

Solomon Spalding

Sidney Rigdon

Oliver Cowdery

Research & Projects

Research & Projects

Research & Projects

Edward Vanhoutte

Royal Academy of Dutch Language & LiteratureUniversity College London Centre for Digital HumanitiesLLC: The Journal of Digital Scholarship in the Humanities (OUP)

[email protected]@evanhoutte

The World of Digital Humanities:Digital Humanities in the world

Digital Humanities: Prospects & Proposals 13/11/2013 U Potchefstroom