THE WORLDS GREATEST MATHEMATICIAN'S

By: Brianna Michelle Fryman

LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO

He was born in Pisa Italy. Where the famous leaning tower of Pisa was created.

Leonardo’s father was a customs officer in Béjaïa or Bugia/Bugia it’s formal names. Where wax candles were sold from France.

Leonardo grew up in Algeria and was taught his education by the Moors. Leonardo traveled throughout the Mediterranean extensively for most of his life.

Leonardo soon realized the key importance to the Hindu Arabic system.His nickname was Fibonacci. Which means the son of Bonaccio.

LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO

Leonardo was known for being a wealthy merchant.Today people still use the Hindu Arabic system because of Leonardo. (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ,0),He had a number sequence named after him called the Fibonacci.

In the year 1202 he wrote Liber abaci the "Book of Calculation” in which he noted the advantages and the disadvantages of the Hindu Arabic system. He has a statue created in his image. It’s location is in the Western gallery of Campasanto.

L E O N A R D O B I G O L L O P I S A N O

Fibonacci was appointed by king Fredrik the II. Frederick became aware of

Fibonacci’s work through the scholars at his court who had corresponded

with Fibonacci since his return to Pisa around 1200.

These scholars included Michael Scotus who was the court astrologer,

Theodorus Physicus the court philosopher and Dominicus Hispanus who

suggested to Frederick that he meet Fibonacci when Frederick's court met

in Pisa around 1225.

Johannes of Palermo, a member of Frederick II's court, presented a number

of problems as challenges to Fibonacci.

Three of these problems Fibonacci answered and he gave solutions in Flos

which he sent to Frederick II.

He was paid to teach the citizens math and to be an accountant for

Frederick.

LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO

Leonardo covered geometry ,methods to construct and

convert Egyptian fractions ,irrational numbers, the

Chinese Remainder Theorem, and the Pythagorean

triplets.

Leonardo introduced the decimal system,algerbra,and the

lattice method. He introduced notation like.

He is known for his clever extension of this for quantities

like 5 yards, 2 feet, and 3 inches.

Leonardo `Fibonacci was called "the greatest number

theorist between

Diophantus and Fermat" and "the most talented

mathematician of the Middle Ages.“

He also created the golden ratio still used today.

LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO

A certain man put a pair of rabbits in a place

surrounded on all sides by a wall. How many pairs

of rabbits can be produced from that pair in a year

if it is supposed that every month each pair begets

a new pair, which from the second month on

becomes productive.

It was this problem that led Fibonacci to the

introduction of the Fibonacci Numbers and the

Fibonacci Sequence which is what he remains

famous for to this day. He wrote books like

Practica Geometriae(The Practice of Geometry),

Liber Quadratorum (The Book of Square Numbers),

Flos (The Flower), and Letter to Master Theodore.

SOURCES FOR LEONARDO BIGOLLO PISANO

http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/

Fibonacci.html,

https://ch1prd0210.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=GUo1BoOt

jECIuu7jCyTpxrDUKzFlJdAIgtLCzjPXNjfHqtvrDvP57d-PQM_U

zg_CLVg74BVomPc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fwww.ardacad.co.u

k%2fmat%2fbiog%2ffibonacci%2ffibonacci.pdf

https://ch1prd0210.outlook.com/owa/redir.aspx?C=GUo1BoOt

jECIuu7jCyTpxrDUKzFlJdAIgtLCzjPXNjfHqtvrDvP57d-PQM_U

zg_CLVg74BVomPc.&URL=http%3a%2f%2fen.wikipedia.org%

2fwiki%2fFibonacci

http://www.maths.surrey.ac.uk/hosted-sites/R.Knott/

Fibonacci/fibBio.html

RENÉ DESCARTESDescartes was born in La Haye,France on March 31,1596. He

died in

Stockholm, Sweden February 11,1650 .

His father, Joachim, served in the Parliament of Brittany,

France.

René ‘s mother Jeanne Brochard Descartes passed away in

1597. His father soon remarried and Descartes brother and

sister and he were raised y their maternal grandmother and

nurse.

He went to a religious college called La Flèche.

As a child he was sick extensively so he stayed in bed when

doing most of his school work.

RENÉ DESCARTESIt was his friend Isaac Beeckman, a Dutch mathematician,

who encouraged Descartes to begin writing scientific theories

on mathematics . Descartes was deeply influenced by three

dreams he had in Ulm, Germany. He interpreted them to

mean that all science is one and that its mastery is universal

wisdom. To concentrate better on his work Descartes moved

to Holland and lived there for twenty years. Descartes' first

major work, was Rules for the Direction of the Mind, which

was written in 1629 but was not published until 1701. It was

devoted to mathematical demonstrations and mathematical

problems. In 1637, he published "geometry", in which his

combination of algebra and geometry gave birth to analytical

geometry, better known as Cartesian geometry.

RENÉ DESCARTES

Descartes relocated to Sweden to tutor Queen Christina

in philosophy. But, working to hard was making his

health worse. He later died of Phenomena. The Discourse

on Method and was published in French along with the

three essays in June 1637. Around this time his daughter,

Francine, was born in 1635, her mother was a maid at

the home of which Descartes was staying. Francine later

died at the age five. Descartes was planning on making

arrangements for her to live with relatives so she could

receive a good education in France.

RENÉ DESCARTES

Descartes’ theory provided the basis for the

calculus of Newton and Leibniz, by applying

infinitesimal calculus to the tangent line

problem, thus permitting the evolution of that

branch of modern mathematics. Descartes’ rule

of signs is a method commonly used today to

help determine the number of positive and

negative roots of a polynomial. He also created

Cartesian geometry which uses algebra to

describe geometry. And the notation which uses

superscripts to show the powers or exponents

and a way to indicate the squaring of a square.

RENÉ DESCARTES

He also made the contribution to

math by making the beginning

letters of the alphabet used as data

and the last letters used as

variables or unknowns which is

still used today. He also invented

Cartesian coordinate system which

is commonly used in our society

today to help located points on a

plane .

SOURCES

http://fabpedigree.com/james/grmatm2.htm

http://www.castingoutnines.net/2010/02/05/rene-des

cartes-contribution-to-math

/ http://

www.kcvs.ca/martin/math/math499/projects/descarte

s/Descartes%20contributions.pdf

EMILIE DU CHÂTELET She was born in Paris on December 17, 1706.

She was encouraged to pursue mathematics by a

family friend, M. de Mezieres. At the age of

nineteen she married a thirty-four-year-old man

named Marquis du Châtelet. During the first two

years of their marriage, Emilie gave birth to a

boy and a girl, and later to a son when she was

twenty-seven. She had an affair with a man

named Marquis de Saint-Lambert and gave birth

to his child. But she remained good friends with

voltimor after the affair.

EMILIE DU CHÂTELET

Her father was Louis Nicolas Le Tonnelier

de Breteuil. He was an official at the

Court of Louis XIV at Versailles with

property in Paris and also land in

Touraine. She died of extreme heat and

was pregnant at the time and her baby

died as well. When Châtelet passed on

her husband wrote the lady he was

cheating on Châtelet with her name was

Mme Denis.

EMILIE DU CHÂTELET

Most of her writings are used under

Madame la Marquis duchastellet. Her

full name was Gabrielle Emilie

LeTonnelier de Breteuil du Chatelet

Lomont. She was born to Alexandra

Elizabeth de Froulay and Louis Nicolas

Le Tonnelier de Breteuil. One of Châtelet

‘s husbands Voltaire was responsible for

calling her du Chatelet. Her husband's

name was the Marquis du Chastellet.

EMILIE DU CHÂTELET

Châtelet translated Mandeville’s The

fable of the bees and added additional

information to it as well. She submitted

her work to the Academie des Sciences

in Paris even though she lost ,her work

was still used in the newspaper. She

helped translate several books for other

mathematicians so that others could

learn and grow form these discoveries.

EMILIE DU CHÂTELET

She transformed Geometry into Calculus. She

translated Isac Newton's piece Principia

Mathematica and helped explain the

mathematical process of figuring out the

answers and she wrote a three volume book

about a German mathematician named

Gottfried Leibniz. She helped prove that women

are just as intellectual as men. Also that women

could sit in mathematical debates and women

can be mathematicians just like men can.

SOURCES http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/chatelet.htm

http://

www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Chatelet.html

http://threesixty360.wordpress.com/2008/09/09/mathem

atician-of-the-week-emilie-du-chatelet

/