the world’s leader in thermal energy storage
TRANSCRIPT
Thermal storage systems remove heat from or
add heat to a storage medium for use at
another time.
For ice or water based systems, this means
using a chiller to produce ice or water during
the night when electric rates are lower and
using the ice for cooling during the peak
periods.
OVERVIEW OF ENERGY STORAGE WITH A
FOCUS ON THERMAL STORAGE DESCRIBE ENERGY STORAGE (ES)
EXAMPLES OF ES
REVIEW ELECTRIC RATES
HOW DOES ES ENHANCE THE VALUE OF RENEWABLES
CA TITLE 24
LEED
NET ZERO DESIGN
INCENTIVES (PLS PROGRAM)
3
THERMALLY WELDED POLYETHYLENE TUBING
Edwards AFB CA
Encinitas Civic Center Encinitas, CA
Nordstrom Dept. Store Hawaii
Los Positas CC Livermore, CA
Stratified Tank Design
ENERGY (kWh)
Area under the
curve totaled for
every day of the
month
0
25
50
75
cool
ing
load
, % o
f des
ign
100
midnight 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. midnight
DEMAND (kW)
Peak kW based
on the highest
peak that occurred
during the month
Demand charges are additive for many buildings
(Summer peak period is noon to 6pm, June thru September, 4 months)
Summer demand charges include:
$ 16.74/kW during peak period
+ $ 18.21/kW for the facilities related demand
What the heck is a facilities demand charge?
It’s a 2nd demand charge for high peak demand that occurs during the previous month….independent of the time of day. It is defined in the rate sheet as follows:
”The Facilities Related Component shall be for the kW of Maximum Demand recorded during (or established for) the monthly billing period.”
$34.95/kW
Base Load
Lighting
Fans
Pumps
Cooling
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
k
W
Demand - $34.95/kW
Base Load
Lighting
FansPumps
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
k
WCharging
Storage
600 kW Shed
For 4 Summer Months,
Effective Total Demand:
$34.95/kW
$20.970/month
saved in 4
summer months
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Demand Charges
make up 53% of total
electric bill.
Also check out the
huge disparity
between on-peak
and off-peak pricing.
Energy flows mostly one
way
Stored
Energy
Energy
Energy Flows into and out of the grid
zero
Solar Panel
Thermal
Wind Turbine
Fossil Fuels
Batteries
The grid becomes responsible for
backup energy when the wind
stops blowing or the sun is not shining
Fossil fuel is a form of
stored energy
Designers tend to remove building
sited renewable back up equipment
Net Zero Grid Building
Procuring 5 times the amount required by utility
demonstrates:
The Need for Energy Storage
That Energy Storage Technology Exists
That Energy Storage is Cost Effective
Courtesy Southern California Edison
Courtesy Southern California Edison
PLS Incentives
PG&E, SCE, SDG&E
$875 per kW shifted
$12K to $25K per tank
Water Usage Provide water cooled efficiencies with air cooled
chillers & ice
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Title 24 employs a
“TIME DEPENDENT VALUATION”
when evaluating energy usage.
This encourages load shifting.
The “TIME DEPENDENT VALUATION” uses
multipliers that vary with the hour, energy type,
climate zone and building type.
Per Energy Design Resources “e-News”
TDV “Favors measures such as day lighting or
thermal storage that save energy during periods of
peak demand”
Performance & Prescriptive Approaches
The Performance Approach -
Determine an energy budget using TDV
per the ACM Manual
(The “performance approach” is used to
demonstrate that the building exceeds
Title 24 standards)
THERMAL STORAGE WILL HELP YOU
EXCEED TITLE 24 BY LARGER
MARGINS
FROM 5 % TO 20% MORE
THIS IS HUGE
Materials &
Resources
Energy &
Atmosphere
Water
Efficiency
Sustainable Sites
Indoor
Environmental
Quality
LEEDTM Credits V3 NC
Sustainable Sites: 26 points
Water Efficiency: 10 points
Energy* & Atmosphere: 35 points
Materials & Resources: 14 points
Indoor Environment Quality: 15 points
Base Points Possible 100
Innovation & Design: 6 points
Regional Priority 4 points
points
*19 Energy Credits are based on ASHRAE 90.1 which is
based on Energy COST Reduction
Certified 40–49 points
Silver 50–59 points
Gold 60–79 points
Platinum 80 points and above
www.usgbc.org
Defined by load shapes
Typical applications:
Offices
Education
Military Bases
Government Buildings
Hospitals
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Tons
Ice Cooling
Chiller Cooling
Cooling Load Profile
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Tons
Ice Cooling
Chiller Cooling
Ice Making
Cooling Load Profile
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12
Time
Tons
Ice Cooling
Chiller Cooling
Ice Making
Cooling Load Profile
50
Temperature
Control Valve
60
Ice Melted
Ice
Coil & Glycol
175 ton
Chiller
300 ton
Load
44
50
Similar to Chilled Water System
Added:
Blending Valve
Diverting Valve
Ice Tanks (No Moving Parts)
Controls
Heat Transfer Fluid
Ice
Coil & Glycol
300 ton
Load
25 31
175 ton
Chiller
Temperature
Control Valve
Coil & Glycol
Ice 175 ton
Load
44 54
175 ton
Chiller
Ice Melted
Ice
Coil & Glycol
300 ton
Load
50
Temperature
Control Valve
60
175 ton
Chiller
44
With Recirculation Loop for Night Loads
Plate Frame Heat Exchanger
V2
V1
HX
WATER
GLYCOL
P1 P
1
To Load
INCLUDES:
CHILLER
CONTROLS
PUMP PACKAGE
TANKS
THE GRID IS CHANGING
TRANSFORMATION TO A STABLE GRID &
NET ZERO DESIGNS WILL INCLUDE MANY
TYPES OF STORAGE
RENEWABLES ARE DRIVING THE CHANGE
MOST RATES SUPPORT CUSTOMER SITED
STORAGE – LOOK FOR DEMAND ($/kW)
UTILITIES ARE ENCOURAGING MANY
FORMS OF STORAGE
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