Where would Where would we be we be without without WRITING?WRITING?

There’d be no books, magazines, There’d be no books, magazines, or newspapers. There’d be no or newspapers. There’d be no instructions for putting together instructions for putting together a bike or a VCR. There’d be no a bike or a VCR. There’d be no birthday or anniversary cards. birthday or anniversary cards. There’d be no signs on the road There’d be no signs on the road to tell us where to go.to tell us where to go.

Writing is a method of Writing is a method of communication. It uses marks communication. It uses marks that we see and understand. that we see and understand. The marks we use to write The marks we use to write English are the letters of the English are the letters of the alphabet. They stand for alphabet. They stand for sounds. sounds.

Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008. © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights Microsoft ® Encarta ® 2008. © 1993-2007 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.reserved.

The The WRITING WRITING

ProcessProcess

Stages in Writing Stages in Writing ProcessProcess

PrewritingPrewritingWritingWritingRevisingRevising

PrewritingPrewriting

Planning stagePlanning stage Exploring ideasExploring ideas Choosing a topicChoosing a topic Determining audience and Determining audience and

purposepurpose Deciding on main ideaDeciding on main idea Developing and organizing ideasDeveloping and organizing ideas

Exploring IdeasExploring Ideas

- To take inventory of your To take inventory of your interests, experiences, and ideasinterests, experiences, and ideas

HOW DO YOU EXAMINE HOW DO YOU EXAMINE YOURSELF’S INTERESTS, YOURSELF’S INTERESTS,

EXPERIENCES, AND EXPERIENCES, AND IDEAS?IDEAS?

Ways of Exploring IdeasWays of Exploring Ideas

Interviewing yourselfInterviewing yourself Free writingFree writing Journal writingJournal writing Reading and savingReading and saving ClusteringClustering BrainstormingBrainstorming CueingCueing

Questions for Questions for Interviewing YourselfInterviewing Yourself

1.1. What activities do I enjoy?What activities do I enjoy?2.2. In what areas do I have special skills In what areas do I have special skills

and/or extensive knowledge?and/or extensive knowledge?3.3. What kinds of subjects arouse my What kinds of subjects arouse my

curiosity?curiosity?4.4. To whom do I like to speak to and about To whom do I like to speak to and about

what topics?what topics?5.5. To whom could I speak to learn more about To whom could I speak to learn more about

topics that interest me?topics that interest me?6.6. What has happened to me in the past or is What has happened to me in the past or is

happening to me now that seems of special happening to me now that seems of special interest?interest?

Free WritingFree Writing

An embarrassing momentAn embarrassing moment A fight or conflictA fight or conflict Girl’s sportsGirl’s sports What do I do bestWhat do I do best Daydreams/nightmaresDaydreams/nightmares Youth (or parents of today)Youth (or parents of today) A favorite placeA favorite place LifeLife naturenature

Journal WritingJournal Writing

Writing down your thoughts, Writing down your thoughts, feelings, reflections, and feelings, reflections, and experiences in a notebook. experiences in a notebook.

Reading and SavingReading and Saving

Reading as much and as often as Reading as much and as often as possible from variety of sources: possible from variety of sources: newspapers, magazines, books, newspapers, magazines, books, encyclopedias, and so on.encyclopedias, and so on.

Jot down or cut out articles that Jot down or cut out articles that interest you and you can check interest you and you can check later on to know if there is any later on to know if there is any topic potential for writing. topic potential for writing.

Clustering Clustering

A technique that is used to A technique that is used to narrow a broad topic into one narrow a broad topic into one appropriate for a short paper. appropriate for a short paper.

Example:Example:

ART

dancing

Modern

drawing

Museum

Da Vinci

painting

P.E.

Sketch padcrayons

Brainstorming Brainstorming

A way of creating or combining as A way of creating or combining as many ideas as you can on a many ideas as you can on a subject. subject.

Even just planning a party with Even just planning a party with friends or trying to decide what to friends or trying to decide what to do on a day off is an example of do on a day off is an example of brainstorming already. brainstorming already.

CueingCueing Exploring topic by using Exploring topic by using

cueing devices such as the 5 cueing devices such as the 5 W’s (who, what, where, when, W’s (who, what, where, when, and why) or the alphabets (a-and why) or the alphabets (a-z). z).

Examples of Cueing Examples of Cueing ProcessProcess

Topic: CyclingTopic: Cycling

Who: MeWho: Me

What: TrainingWhat: Training

Where: Where: Deserted Deserted roads, roads, away from away from traffictraffic

Why: To increase Why: To increase speed speed

and enduranceand endurance

When: after school, When: after school,

weekendsweekends

A – AmphibiansA – Amphibians

B – BasketballB – Basketball

C – Careful C – Careful DrivingDriving

D – Diving D – Diving (kinds)(kinds)

E – EmoE – Emo

F – Fiction F – Fiction StoriesStories

G – Ghost G – Ghost HuntingHunting

Brainstorming Brainstorming

Work in a group of five. Appoint one Work in a group of five. Appoint one person to take notes. Brainstorm on person to take notes. Brainstorm on a new product, something that does a new product, something that does not exist yet, such as a car that not exist yet, such as a car that comes when you call it. Toss out comes when you call it. Toss out ideas for at least ten minutes without ideas for at least ten minutes without discussing its merits. Just keep the discussing its merits. Just keep the ideas flowing. List all the ideas.ideas flowing. List all the ideas.

After brainstorming After brainstorming with the group, choose with the group, choose one idea and, working one idea and, working

on your own, write on your own, write down why you think it down why you think it

would be a good would be a good product. product.

Do it for 5 minutes. Do it for 5 minutes.

Then, present the summary of Then, present the summary of your work to the group. Now, your work to the group. Now, the group will decide which of the group will decide which of the presented written output the presented written output is the best. Finally, plan and is the best. Finally, plan and present an advertisement present an advertisement about the product. Make sure about the product. Make sure to convince your audience to convince your audience with our advertisement. with our advertisement.

Other groups will be Other groups will be evaluating the evaluating the

presentation and will presentation and will give their grades give their grades according to how according to how convincing their convincing their

advertisement is. advertisement is.

If QuestionsIf Questions1.1. If you would be someone else, who If you would be someone else, who

would you be?would you be?2.2. If you could change anything about If you could change anything about

yourself what would you change?yourself what would you change?3.3. If you could have any question If you could have any question

answered, what would it be?answered, what would it be?4.4. If you could have live in any period of If you could have live in any period of

history, when would it be?history, when would it be?5.5. If you could be any famous person If you could be any famous person

who has ever lived, who would you who has ever lived, who would you choose to be?choose to be?

What is writing to you?What is writing to you?Working in pair, make an acrostic for the Working in pair, make an acrostic for the

word WRITING. word WRITING.

You have 5 minutes to do that. You have 5 minutes to do that.

Example:Example: W – whatever will come to my thoughts isW – whatever will come to my thoughts is

R – responded with joy andR – responded with joy and

I – indispensable action throughI – indispensable action through

T – ticking down T – ticking down

I – in a piece of paper and making sure thatI – in a piece of paper and making sure that

N – nothing is forgotten and N – nothing is forgotten and

G – goal is set to aim. G – goal is set to aim.

Ways of Exploring IdeasWays of Exploring Ideas

Interviewing yourselfInterviewing yourself Free writingFree writing Journal writingJournal writing Reading and savingReading and saving ClusteringClustering BrainstormingBrainstorming CueingCueing

Choosing and Choosing and Narrowing a TopicNarrowing a Topic

Choose a topic that Choose a topic that can be effectively can be effectively covered in the covered in the allotted amount of allotted amount of space.space.

Determining Audience and Determining Audience and PurposePurpose

Determine your audience Determine your audience and purpose before you and purpose before you begin writing. begin writing.

Topic Topic AudienceAudience PurposePurpose - Support for readers of local newspaper- Support for readers of local newspaper to to

persuadepersuade

a cycling a cycling

MarathonMarathon

- tips on training cyclists who compete- tips on training cyclists who compete to inform to inform

- How to learn classmates- How to learn classmates to to instruct instruct

Developing a Main Idea Developing a Main Idea and Supportand Support

State a main idea. Then State a main idea. Then gather and organize gather and organize supporting information supporting information to develop the main idea to develop the main idea effectively.effectively.

Organization of Supporting Organization of Supporting InformationInformation

Chronological order – information Chronological order – information arranged in time sequencearranged in time sequence

Spatial order – arranged according to Spatial order – arranged according to space relationshipspace relationship

Order of importance – arranged from Order of importance – arranged from least to important or vice versaleast to important or vice versa

Comparison and Contrast – arranged Comparison and Contrast – arranged according to similarities and according to similarities and differences between itemsdifferences between items

Developmental – information Developmental – information arranged so that one point leads arranged so that one point leads logically to the next. logically to the next.

WRITINGWRITING

Writing your first draftWriting your first draft

Translate your prewriting Translate your prewriting notes into sentences and notes into sentences and paragraphs, without paragraphs, without worrying about worrying about punctuation, spelling, punctuation, spelling, grammar, or perfect grammar, or perfect sentences.sentences.

Overcoming Writer’s Overcoming Writer’s BlockBlock

If you feel incapable of If you feel incapable of writing, always write writing, always write anything. Remember anything. Remember you can always change you can always change it later. it later.

REVISING FOR SENSEREVISING FOR SENSE

Edit for word choice and Edit for word choice and sentencessentences

Edit for correct Edit for correct punctuation, spelling, punctuation, spelling, grammar and so ongrammar and so on

Proofread and publishProofread and publish

Now that you Now that you learned the step by learned the step by step process in step process in writing…are you writing…are you ready to express? ready to express?