The Young NationThe Young Nation

Should the Should the new nation be new nation be 13 13 independent independent countries or is countries or is it one united it one united country?country?

““The Critical Period”The Critical Period”1781 - 17891781 - 1789

The early years of The early years of the American the American RepublicRepublic

SOL 5a-d

America after the War

New Political Ideas: - Greater power for the peopleRepublic:

Represent the Public

America after the WarAmerica after the War

State State Governments Governments rule supreme rule supreme

All States had a All States had a constitution constitution (written law)(written law)

America after the War: State Constitutions

Checks and Balances” – to prevent a group from becoming too powerful (separation of powers)

Bill of Rights – Guaranteed the rights of people

America after the War: State Constitutions

Expanded Voting Rights – Still only white men could vote

America after the War: State Constitutions

Freedom of Religion – Separation of Church & State-Virginia Statute for Religious

Freedom (TJ wrote)

America after the War: State Constitutions

The Articles of The Articles of ConfederationConfederation

America’s 1st national America’s 1st national government:government:

The basic law of The basic law of the country from the country from 1781 until 1789, 1781 until 1789, when it was when it was replaced by the replaced by the U.S. Constitution U.S. Constitution

What do you want the govt to do?

You are a group of You are a group of frontier frontier settlerssettlers. During the last year the . During the last year the Indians on the frontier have raided Indians on the frontier have raided your settlements killing several your settlements killing several settlers, burning farms and homes, settlers, burning farms and homes, and stealing livestock. The Indians and stealing livestock. The Indians then escape into the woods across then escape into the woods across the borders of neighboring states or the borders of neighboring states or into unclaimed territory. into unclaimed territory.

What do you want the govt to do? You are a group of merchants. During You are a group of merchants. During

the war you built a prosperous trade the war you built a prosperous trade business in the colonies. Now several business in the colonies. Now several states have begun to tax goods coming states have begun to tax goods coming into their states. They even tax goods into their states. They even tax goods shipped shipped throughthrough their states to other their states to other destinations. Your business is destinations. Your business is suffering. You have had to add the suffering. You have had to add the cost of the taxes to your price, making cost of the taxes to your price, making it impossible for you to compete with it impossible for you to compete with local merchants. local merchants.

What do you want the govt to do?

You are a group of poor farmers. You are a group of poor farmers. Since the end of the war the value Since the end of the war the value of farm products has fallen. It is of farm products has fallen. It is impossible for you to raise enough impossible for you to raise enough money to pay your mortgages and money to pay your mortgages and to buy supplies. There just does to buy supplies. There just does not seem to be enough money to not seem to be enough money to go around. Some of your go around. Some of your neighbors want to take up arms neighbors want to take up arms and raid the banks in the area. and raid the banks in the area.

You are a group of wealthy You are a group of wealthy citizens. Some states have citizens. Some states have begun to print more state begun to print more state money. You oppose this money. You oppose this plan. The more money that plan. The more money that is in circulation, the less is in circulation, the less your money is worth.your money is worth.

What do you want the govt to What do you want the govt to do?do?

Powers of the Articles of Powers of the Articles of ConfederationConfederation

Congress could:Congress could:– Raise armiesRaise armies– Declare WarDeclare War– Sign treatiesSign treaties

Congress could Congress could NOTNOT::– Collect TaxesCollect Taxes– Control tradeControl trade– Enforce its own Enforce its own

lawslaws– Settle disputes Settle disputes

between statesbetween states

Successes of the Articles of Confederation

Treaty of Paris: ended the Revolutionary War. Northwest Ordinance (1785 & 1787):

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest Ordinance

Land North & West of the Ohio Land North & West of the Ohio RiverRiver

Northwest OrdinanceNorthwest OrdinanceEstablished how territories became states

Banned Slavery in Northwest Territories

Sale of land to pay Sale of land to pay national debt & national debt & create public schoolscreate public schools

Failure of the ArticlesFailure of the Articles

1) America had a huge debt:

2) Couldn’t stop fighting 2) Couldn’t stop fighting between statesbetween states

Couldn’t pay our bills

Not United

Shays’s RebellionShays’s Rebellion

Causes: Causes: Increased taxes Increased taxes Foreclosure on Foreclosure on

farms by banksfarms by banks

Stirs memories of………..

EnglandEngland

Shays’s Rebellion Shays’s Rebellion

Effects:Effects:–Convinces Convinces people of people of the need to the need to StrengtheStrengthenn national national governmentgovernment

Failure of the ArticlesFailure of the Articles

Our Government was:

Too Weak

Almost impossible to change the laws

It could NOT protect peoples rights to: Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

Think of something in Think of something in your life that was your life that was generally a negative generally a negative experience. experience.

Did anything good come Did anything good come of it?of it?

What is a compromise?What is a compromise?

Why so important to the Why so important to the development of the United development of the United States?States?

Constitutional Constitutional ConventionConvention

(1787)(1787) PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia All states except All states except

Rhode IslandRhode Island George George

WashingtonWashington: : President of President of ConventionConvention

James Madison: James Madison: “Father of “Father of Constitution”Constitution”

Divisions at the Divisions at the ConventionConvention What are What are

we doing we doing here?here?

Revise the ArticlesOR

Write a new Constitution

Two Plans for Two Plans for GovernmentGovernment Virginia Plan (Big State)Virginia Plan (Big State) Three Branches of Three Branches of

Government Government Executive, Legislative, JudicialExecutive, Legislative, Judicial Bicameral Legislature (Two Bicameral Legislature (Two

houses)houses) # of Reps based on population# of Reps based on population Big State PlanBig State Plan

Two plans for governmentTwo plans for government

New Jersey Plan New Jersey Plan (Small State) (Small State)

Unicameral Unicameral LegislatureLegislature

1 state = 1 vote1 state = 1 vote Power to Tax!!!!Power to Tax!!!!

CompromisesCompromises Great Great

CompromiseCompromise– 2 Houses2 Houses– House of Reps:House of Reps:

Population Population BasedBased

– Senate:Senate:Equal RepsEqual Reps

Convention CompromisesConvention Compromises

North vs SouthNorth vs South Issue: Are slaves Issue: Are slaves

people or property?people or property? 3/5 Compromise3/5 Compromise 5 slaves = 3 votes5 slaves = 3 votes Slavery legalSlavery legal

Additional Additional CompromisesCompromises Slave Trade: Slave Trade:

End in 1808End in 1808 Import Tax Import Tax

(tariff)(tariff)

New GovernmentNew Government

Constitution:Constitution: Much StrongerMuch Stronger Strong Strong

executiveexecutive Power to:Power to:

– TaxTax– Control tradeControl trade

A Lasting DocumentA Lasting Document

Constitution has lasted over Constitution has lasted over 200 years because:200 years because:– Flexible enough to allow for Flexible enough to allow for

changeschanges– Proof: Proof:

It has only been Amended 27 times!!!

Ratifying the Ratifying the ConstitutionConstitution FederalistFederalist Anti-Anti-

FederalistFederalistWashington, Madison, Hamilton

Support Ratification

Federalist Papers

Patrick Henry

Oppose RatificationAfraid of a loss of state and individual rights

The WinnerThe Winner

1788: Constitution ratified by 9 states

The Federalists

Articles of Articles of Confederation Confederation In effect, U.S. In effect, U.S.

government government was was peacefully peacefully overthrownoverthrown

Constitutional Constitutional Principles Principles

FederalismFederalismSeparation of PowersSeparation of Powers

–Checks and BalancesChecks and Balances Individual RightsIndividual Rights

Individual RightsIndividual Rights

Guaranteed by the Bill of Rights

The 1st 10 amendments to the US Constitution

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

Anti-Anti-Federalist Federalist victory…victory…

Guaranteed Guaranteed certain rightscertain rights

Bill of RightsBill of Rights

Virginia Declaration of Rights

Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom

Author James Madison; greatly influenced by two Virginians:1) George

Mason

2) Thomas Jefferson

FederalismFederalism

Shared Power between Shared Power between the the National National governmentgovernment & & State State governmentsgovernments

Concurrent Powers

Delegated Powers

Reserved Powers

National Government

State Government

Both

Federalism

Delegated PowersDelegated Powers

Declare War

Print Money

Inter-State Commerce

Reserved PowersReserved Powers

Marriage Laws

Driving LawsSchools

Concurrent PowersConcurrent Powers

Taxes

Borrowing Money

Welfare

Government StructureGovernment Structure

Separation of Separation of Federal PowersFederal Powers

Strong ExecutiveStrong Executive

Enforcer of lawsEnforcer of lawsPowers: Powers:

–Commander in ChiefCommander in Chief–AppointmentAppointment–Veto of LegislationVeto of Legislation

LegislativeLegislative

Congress:Congress: Makers of Laws Makers of Laws–House of Representatives:House of Representatives: Popularly electedPopularly elected

–Senate:Senate: Every state has 2 Every state has 2 Can override presidential Can override presidential

veto with 2/3 voteveto with 2/3 vote

JudiciaryJudiciary

Supreme Court: Interpret Supreme Court: Interpret the lawsthe laws

Judicial ReviewJudicial Review

Constitution: Constitution: Questions to knowQuestions to know

1)Explain how the Articles of 1)Explain how the Articles of Confederation reflected the Confederation reflected the Colonists attitude to British Colonists attitude to British government.government.

2)Can you identify the weaknesses 2)Can you identify the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? of the Articles of Confederation? What factors led to the creation of What factors led to the creation of the Constitution?the Constitution?

Questions to Know Questions to Know (continued)(continued) What was the importance of the What was the importance of the

Northwest Ordinance?Northwest Ordinance? How did the delegates in How did the delegates in

Philadelphia balance their many Philadelphia balance their many different interests?different interests?

What were the arguments for and What were the arguments for and against the ratification of the against the ratification of the Constitution?Constitution?

Questions to Know Questions to Know (continued)(continued) What is the purpose of the Bill of What is the purpose of the Bill of

Rights? What were the ideas Rights? What were the ideas based on?based on?

What are the defining principles What are the defining principles behind the Constitution?behind the Constitution?