thematic segment · drug trafficking on the darknet and cryptocurrencies: a growing challenge •...
TRANSCRIPT
THEMATIC SEGMENT
THEMATIC SEGMENT
Opening Remarks by Ms. Loide Aryee
THEMATIC SEGMENT
Presentation byMr. Alen Gagula
UNODC – WCO CONTAINER CONTROL PROGRAMME
2017: 700 mill. container movementsThe Challenge
• Seaports• Land borders• Airports
• Specialised units need specialised training• Risk Management – use of risk indicators and resources • Technical equipment – search and inspection tools • Communication tools and information & intelligence
sharing platforms - ContainerCOMM• Cargo Targeting System (WCO CTS) available• Clearance Systems and use of the clearance information • Investigation support and evidence handling
Border Control Strategy for CARGO
AlgeriaColombiaIndonesiaLao PDRLebanon
MozambiqueNamibiaYemen
AfghanistanAlbaniaArgentinaAzerbaijan
BangladeshBosnia & HerzegovinaBeninBrazil
CambodiaCuba
Dominican Republic
EcuadorEl Salvador
GeorgiaGhanaGuatemalaGuyana
Honduras
JamaicaJordan
KazakhstanKenyaKyrgyzstan
MalaysiaMaldivesMoldovaMontenegroMoroccoMyanmar
Nepal
PakistanPanamaParaguayPeruPhilippines
SenegalSurinameSri Lanka
TajikistanTanzaniaThailandTogoTunisiaTurkmenistanSri Lanka
UgandaUkraineUzbekistan
Vietnam
CCP – AirJune 2018
Afghanistan BangladeshCambodia
CubaGeorgia Jordan
KazakhstanKenya
MozambiqueNepalOman
PakistanSri LankaUgandaUkraine
2018 - 15 funded countries
Illustration – not a UN map
Latin America
and Caribbean
(Panama)
South East Europe
(Albania)
West Africa
(Senegal)
Afghanistan
(Kabul)
Black Sea
(Georgia)
Pakistan
(Islamabad)
Central Asia
(Uzbekistan)
Middle East and
North Africa(Lebanon)
EastAfrica
(Kenya)
GCC Countries
(Abu Dhabi)
Headquarters
UNODC Team(Vienna)
WCO Team (Brussels)
Container Control Programme (CCP)
South- and South East
Asia(Thailand)
Staged training approach – 36 months
- ICAO Air Cargo Security Training- ------------------------------------
- Basic Theoretical and Practical Training
- Mentoring/Refresher/Maintenance Training
- Specialised/Advanced Training on Strategic Goods, CITES, IPR, etc.
- Study Visits
- Exchange of officials between units
CRAWL – WALK - RUN
• Government/senior management commitment• Lack of human resources – challenging to establish the
necessary structure • Training elements – basic to specialized training • Sustainability – rotation policy • Information sharing policy/tradition – lack of inter-
agency cooperation • Private sector cooperation • Anti-corruption measures • UNODC staff on the ground• WCO and UNODC training resources – full time
trainers
Lessons learned
Evaluation of training
Dashboard formentorships
Assessments of the units
Donor Countries
Australia Canada Denmark European Union/EC
France Germany Italy Japan
Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Spain
Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United States
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
1. Mr. Leonardo Lara Villarroel - Firearms Trafficking is linked to multiple threats
2. Mr. Michiel Vandyk – Drug Trafficking on the Darknet3. Mr. Luis De Jorge Mesas – Regional Judicial Cooperation
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Leonardo Lara Villarroel
CybercrimeHuman TraffickingIllegal Fishing & Wildlife
Drug Trafficking Terrorism Violent Crime
Firearms Trafficking is
linked to multiple security
threats
Trafficking in
Cultural Property
Different origins for illicit firearms trafficking and
illicit drug trafficking
The majority of illicit drugs
originate already from an
illegal production line
Most of the illicit firearms are
legally manufactured but get
diverted into the illegal market
Interconnecting aspects of firearms
trafficking and drug trafficking
• Both illicit merchandise are often smuggled by the same
organized criminal networks
• Drugs and Firearms are generally smuggled using the
same routes, repeatedly in the same cargos
• Drugs and Firearms can be used as currency, depending
on the sellers’ and buyers’ needs and resources
Objective: Countering illicit arms trafficking and related crimes, through
implementation of UNTOC and the Firearms Protocol and effective
international cooperation and information exchange.
Donors:
Common challenges in countering firearms trafficking
• Weak legislative and institutional
frameworks
• Lack of specialized skills and
knowledge on firearms
• Porosity of borders/weak border
control capacity
• Insufficient criminal justice response
• Lack of international cooperation
and coordination among LE
agencies, customs and prosecutors
• Insufficient empiric knowledge and
understanding of firearms trafficking
Crime
Sentencing and
sanctions
Detection
Investigation
Adjudication
- Technical Assistance Tools
• Comprehensive training curriculum on firearms
• Specialised training courses
– Issue Papers
• Firearms Protocol and the ATT
• Comparative Analysis and synergies between global firearms and other conventional arms instruments
– Operational Tools
• MLA Request Writer tool
• Comprehensive record keeping system (new)
– Monitoring illicit arms flows
• Illicit Arms Flows Questionnaire (new)
• Template tool for front line officers for recording firearms seizure
UNODC Tools to support implementation
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Michiel van Dyk
Drug trafficking on the Darknet and
Cryptocurrencies: A Growing Challenge
• Although it is still a small percentage of
overall drug trafficking, drug trafficking
via the Darknet has increased
significantly in the past years.
• Before its shut down in June 2017, the
daily sales of AlphaBay website went
up to 600 000 euros worth of
cryptocurrencies (Source: WDR18).
• Bitcoin prevails as means of payment
but the use of cryptocurrencies offering
more anonymity (e.g. Monero) is rising
worryingly.
CMLS activities on cryptocurrencies
• 3-day Cryptocurrency Investigation training course for investigators and FIU analysts developed.
• Possibility to add 2 days on OSINT (Open Source Intelligence) techniques to build comprehensive skills on how to investigate the Darknet illicit markets.
• Practical, computer-based training with access to specialized software.
• Project to purchase software licenses for national agencies trained on Cryptocurrency Investigation.
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Luis De Jorge Mesas
Global Programme to Strengthen the Capacities of Member States to
Prevent and Combat (transnational) Organized and Serious Crime
(GPTOC)
Regional judicial cooperation networks
• WACAP: West African Network of Central Authorities and Prosecutors
• GLJCN: Great Lakes Judicial Cooperation Network
• CASC: Network of Prosecutors and Central Authorities from Source,
Transit and Destination Countries in Response to Transnational
Organized Crime in Central Asia and Southern Caucasus
How do they work?
• Covering all serious crime:
--Drug Trafficking, all forms of transnational organized crime and terrorism.
• 2 or more designated Contact Points per country:
– Officials of central authorities, judicial and prosecuting authorities
-- Authorized to provide advice on cases and to facilitate contacts within their jurisdiction
• Regular meetings of Contact Points:
-- Advice, training and South-South cooperation
-- Provide input for the development of practical practitioner tools and to the Networks’ websites
and information sharing platforms
Before
Lack of institutionaliz
ation of Central
Authorities
No direct communic
ation
Lack of knowle
dge
After
CAs established, institutionalized or
strengthened
Tailored training
Direct contacts &
trust
Exchange of good
practices
More efficient
requests
Obstacles
to
MLA/extradi
tion
overcome
Operational
cooperation
More successful prosecutions &
proceeds of crime confiscated
Several layers integrated:
- Drug (other criminal commodity)
production
- Smuggling channels
- Storage and distribution network
- Financial infrastructure
- Corrupted officials
CRIMINAL SUPERNETWORKS
Building the networks
• Prosecutorial and Central Authorities Networks
• Law Enforcement networks
• Networks of FIUs
• Asset Recovery Networks (ARINs)
NETWORKING THE NETWORKS
CARICC
GCC-CIC JPC
SELEC
INTERPOL
WCO
APICC
ASEANAPOL
REFLECS3
Prosecutorial networks
FIU’s Networks
WACAP
CARIN
ARINSA ARINWA
ARINAP
RRAG
AFRIPOL
AMERIPOL
GCCPOLECOPOL
EUROPOL
NETWORKING THE NETWORKS
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Luis De Jorge Mesas
Mechanism of BLO operation
BLO Composition
Customs
ServiceBorder Guard
Service
Police
ServiceDrug Control
Agency
BLO initiative
Mechanism of BLO Operation
Meetings of BLO officers
BLO report Analysis of information
Exchange of information
BLO officers discussborder security relatedissues, crime situationand seizures. Theresponsible officerinputs information intoBLO database. Each BLOhas IBM “i2” softwareinstalled and BLOofficers may analyze theinformation within BLO.
The meeting resultsare sent by theresponsible officer asa report in the agreedBLO format to thehead agency in chargeof the BLO operation.
BLO reports areaccumulated at thehead agency in chargeof BLO activity andanalysts makethorough analysis ofinformation providedby BLOs.
Upon analysis ofinformation received fromBLO analysts providerecommendation to themanagement on possibleactions. If necessary, theneighboring country isnotified through theofficial channels about thepossible risk of drugtrafficking and jointoperation.
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Luis De Jorge Mesas
CRIMJUST INTEGRATED APPROACH
OU
TCO
ME
1
•Enhanced capacity of law enforcement to collect evidence
for successful prosecutions of
OC cases, exchange data,
and conduct joint investigations to tackle OC at the
inter-regional level
OU
TCO
ME
2
•Enhanced capacity of the
judiciary to prosecute and adjudicate OC
cases
•Enhanced transnational
judicial cooperation
OU
TCO
ME
3
•Enhanced integrity and
accountability of law enforcement and the judiciary
OU
TCO
ME
4
•Enhanced capacity of CSOs
to identify, monitor and
propose measures to address key integrity and
accountability challenges in
effectively combatting OC in criminal justice
sector
PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION – COCAINE ROUTE PROGRAMME
Facilitate inter-regional knowledge exchange and identification of existing challenges
Conduct follow-up research to develop an inter-regional baseline
for programming
Engage in additional high level advocacy for
the topic
Technical assistance at country level (incl. peer learning) upon request
Collaborate with Civil Society and foster continues dialogue Strategic
programming +
Efficient use of
resources for
lasting results
PROJECT FUNDED BY THE EUROPEAN UNION – COCAINE ROUTE PROGRAMME
CRIMJUST-PROMOTING EFFECTIVE RESPONSES
INTERACTIVE DEBATE
Presentation byMr. Luis De Jorge Mesas
44
LE TrainNet -
Law Enforcement Training Network
Various training/education institutions of:• police• customs• border guards • national security• specialised agencies• Others…..
45
GLOU61 -Global eLearning Programme
46
LE TrainNet Our Goal
THANK YOU
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime
Organized Crime Branch Section
Division for Treaty Affairs
Vienna International Centre
PO Box 500, A-1400 Vienna, Austria