thematic review name: later europe and the americas … · 2020-07-07 · thematic review name: ....

THEMATIC REVIEW NAME:

LATER EUROPE AND THE AMERICAS 1750-1980 CE BIG IDEA 1: Artists manipulate materials and ideas to create an aesthetic object, act or event. 1.1 Differentiate the components of form, function, content and/or context of a work of art. 1.2 Explain how artist decisions about art making shape the work of art. 1.3 Describe how context influences artistic decision about creating a work of art. 1.4 Analyze form, function, content, and/or context to infer or explain the possible intentions for creating a specific work of art. BIG IDEA 2: Art making is shaped by tradition and change. 2.1 Describe features of tradition and/or change in a single work of art or in a group of related works. 2.2 Explain how and why specific traditions and/or changes are demonstrated in a single work or group of related works. 2.3 Analyze the influence of a single work of art or group of related works on other artistic production. BIG IDEA 3: Interpretations of art are variable. 3.1 Identify a work of art. 3.2 Analyze how formal qualities and/or content of a work of art elicits a response. 3.3 Analyze how contextual variables lead to different interpretations of a work of art. 3.4 Justify attribution of an unknown work of art. 3.5 Analyze relationships between works of art based on their similarities and differences. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 4-1 From the mid-1700s to 1980 C.E., Europe and the Americas experienced rapid change and innovation. Art existed in the context of dramatic events such as industrialization, urbanization, economic upheaval, migrations, and wars. Countries and governments were re-formed; women’s and civil rights’ movement catalyzed social change. 4-1a The Enlightenment set the stage for this era. Scientific inquiry and empirical evidence were promoted in order to reveal and understand the physical world. Belief in knowledge and progress led to revolutions and a new emphasis on human rights. Subsequently, Romanticism offered a critique of Enlightenment principles and industrialization. 4-1b Philosophies of Marx and Darwin impacted worldviews, followed by the work of Freud and Einstein. Later, postmodern theory influenced art making and the study of art. In addition, artists were affected by exposure to diverse cultures, largely as a result of colonialism. The advent of mass production supplied artists with ready images, which they were quick to appropriate. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 4-2 Artists assumed new roles in society. Styles of art proliferated and often gave rise to artistic movements. Art and architecture exhibited a diversity of styles, forming an array of ‘isms’. 4-2a Diverse artists with a common dedication to innovation came to be discussed as the avant-garde. Subdivisions include Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Impressionism, Post-Impressionism, Symbolism, Expressionism, Cubism, Constructivism, Abstraction, Surrealism, Abstract Expressionism, Pop Art, performance art, and earth and environmental art. Many of these categories fall under the general heading of modernism.

4-2b Artists were initially bonded by sanctioned academies and pursued inclusion in juried salons for their work to be displayed. Later, when this system broke down, they joined together in self-defined groups, often on the margins of their mainstream art world, and they often published manifestos of their beliefs. Change and innovation dominated this era and became goals in their own right. Women artists slowly gained recognition as many artists competed for admiration of their individuality and genius. 4-2c Artists employed new media, including lithography, photography, film, and serigraphy. They used industrial technology and prefabrication, as well as many new materials, to create innovative and monumental works, culminating with massive earthworks. Performance was enacted in novel ways and recorded on film and video. 4-2d Architecture witnessed a series of revival styles, including classical, Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque. In the mid-19th century, advances in technology, such as the steel frame, ferroconcrete construction, and cantilevering, hastened the development of building construction. Skyscrapers proliferated and led to an international style of architecture that was later challenged by postmodernism. ENDURING UNDERSTANDINGS 4-3 Works of art took on new roles and functions in society and were experienced by audiences in new ways. Art of this era often proved challenging for audiences and patrons to immediately understand. 4-3a Art was displayed at public exhibitions such as the Salon in Paris and later at commercial art galleries. The museum became an important institution of civic and national status and pride. The sale of art to the public became the leading driver of art production. The collection of art increased, driving up prices, as art became a commodity that appreciated in value. After the devastation of Europe of World War II, artists in the United States dominated the art market. 4-3b Church patronage declined and corporate patronage emerged. The influence of the academies receded in favor of radical individualism; some artists worked without patronage. Audiences ranged from private patrons to the public, which was sometimes hostile toward art that broke with tradition. KEY TERMS Academy Exemplum Virtutis Fete Galante Grand Tour Pastel Salon Calotype Camera Obscura Caprice Daguerreotype Odalisque Photogram School The Sublime Aquatint Avant-Garde Caricature Drypoint Japonisme Lithography Modernism Plein-Air Positivism Skeleton Zoopraxiscope Abstract Action Painting Assemblage Biomorphism Cantilever Collage Color Field Painting Documentary Photography Earthwork Ferroconcrete Frottage Happening Harlem Renaissance Installation Mobile Ready-Made Silkscreen Venice Biennale

FOR EACH IMAGE Identify the work. Write the Title, Artist, and Time Period

CONTEXTUAL FACTS

• Describe the historical event or cultural setting that inspired the creation of this work. • How does the work interpret these historical events? • It is possible that the original event or related context has evolved over time. How so? • Who is/was the intended audience for this artwork? • Who is/was the patron and what influences did he exert? • What was the original effect on the patron or audience? • How has the effect changed over the years? • How does the S.P.R.I.T.E. relate to the work?

CONTENT FACTS

• What is the message of the work? What is it all about? • How did the artist interpret the specific event and how would that compare to the historical documentary of the same

event? • Describe the symbolism or iconography? • Is there a narrative? Describe.

FORMAL FACTS

• What materials are used? • Why were the materials selected? • What effect does the material have on the overall content or expression of the work? • What was innovative about the use of these materials? • Describe any special processes or techniques used by the artist. • Analyze how the Art Elements and Principles: Line, Shape, Color, Form, Value, Texture, Space, Composition, Balance,

Contrast, Unity, help to express the intended meaning.

FUNCTION FACTS

• What was or is the intended function of this piece? How was or is it used? • Who was the intended audience? • What universal or global themes and/or subthemes are represented? • What other artists or artworks have expressed these themes and subthemes?

UNIVERSAL THEMES

Family Women Hostility or Violence Nature Narratives Human Figure

Stylized or Abstracted Figures Architecture Expressing Power or Authority Sacred Spaces Images of Power or Authority Religious Objects

FOR THE CHAPTER • Complete the S.P.R.I.T.E. sheet. Summarize the Social, Political, Religious, Intellectual, Technological, and Economic characteristics of the

era. ROCOCO AND NEOCLASSICISM TIME SPAN

Fill in the boxes below with the proper information about the Social Political Religious Intellectual Technological and Economic events of the chapter assigned.

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FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

The Tête à Tête, from Marriage à la Mode William Hogarth France Oil on canvas c. 1743 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES

IMAGE REPRESENTATION (SKETCH IT)

PIECES FOR COMPARISON

FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT I.D. INFORMATION

The Swing Jean-Honoré Fragonard France Oil on canvas 1767 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery Joseph Wright of Derby England Oil on canvas c. 1763–1765 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Oath of the Horatii Jacques-Louis David France Oil on canvas 1784 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Self-Portrait Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun France Oil on canvas 1790 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

George Washington Jean-Antoine Houdon France/ Virginia Marble 1788–1792 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Monticello Thomas Jefferson Virginia, U.S Brick, glass, stone, and wood 1768–1809 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



ROMANTICISM TIME SPAN Fill in the boxes below with the proper information about the Social Political Religious Intellectual Technological and Economic events of the chapter assigned.

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FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to Be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15 Francisco de Goya Spain Drypoint etching 1810–1823 C.E. (published 1863)

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


La Grande Odalisque Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres France Oil on canvas 1814 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Liberty Leading the People Eugène Delacroix France Oil on canvas 1830 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Oxbow (View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm) Thomas Cole Massachusetts Oil on canvas 1836 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Dying, Slave Ship (Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Typhoon Coming On) Joseph Mallord William Turner England Oil on canvas 1840 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Still Life in Studio Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre France Photograph 1837 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Palace of Westminster (Houses of Parliament) Charles Barry and Augustus W. N. Pugin (architects) London, England Limestone masonry and glass 1840–1870 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



LATE 19TH CENTURY TIME SPAN Fill in the boxes below with the proper information about the Social Political Religious Intellectual Technological and Economic events of the chapter assigned.

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The Stone Breakers Gustave Courbet France Oil on canvas 1849 C.E (destroyed in 1945).

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Olympia Édouard Manet France Oil on canvas 1863 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Saint-Lazare Station Claude Monet France Oil on canvas 1877 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel (El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel) Jose María Velasco Mexico Oil on canvas 1882 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Starry Night Vincent van Gogh Netherlands Oil on canvas 1889 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Coiffure Mary Cassatt France (Pittsburgh Born) Drypoint and aquatint on laid paper 1890–1891 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Scream Edvard Munch Norway Tempera and pastels on cardboard 1893 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? Paul Gauguin Polynesia Oil on canvas 1897–1898 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Mont Sainte-Victoire Paul Cézanne France Oil on canvas 1902–1904 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Kiss Gustav Klimt Austria Oil on canvas 1907–1908 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art Honoré Daumier France Lithograph 1862 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Horse in Motion Eadweard Muybridge England Photograph 1878 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Burghers of Calais Auguste Rodin France Bronze 1884–1895 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Carson, Pirie, Scott and Company Building Louis Sullivan (architect) Chicago, Illinois, U.S Iron, steel, glass, and terra cotta 1899–1903 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



EARLY TO MID 20TH CENTURY TIME SPAN

Fill in the boxes below with the proper information about the Social Political Religious Intellectual Technological and Economic events of the chapter assigned.

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FORM

FUNCTION


Les Demoiselles d’Avignon Pablo Picasso Spain Oil on canvas 1907 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

The Portuguese Georges Braque France Oil on canvas 1911 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Goldfish Henri Matisse France Oil on canvas 1912 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Improvisation 28 (second version) Vassily Kandinsky Russian and French Oil on canvas 1912 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Self-Portrait as a Soldier German Expressionist Ernst Ludwig Kirchner Germany Oil on Canvas 1915 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Memorial Sheet for Karl Liebknecht Käthe Kollwitz Germany Woodcut 1919–1920 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Composition with Red, Blue and Yellow Piet Mondrian Netherlands Oil on canvas 1930 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Illustration from The Results of the First Five-Year Plan Varvara Stepanova Russian Photomontage 1932 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Two Fridas Frida Kahlo Mexico Oil on canvas 1939 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Migration of the Negro, Panel no. 49 Jacob Lawrence American Casein tempera on hardboard 1940–1941 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

The Jungle Wifredo Lam Cuba Gouache on paper mounted on canvas 1943 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in the Alameda Park Diego Rivera Mexico Fresco 1947–1948 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Woman, I Willem de Kooning Netherlands/ US Oil on canvas 1950–1952 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Marilyn Diptych Andy Warhol New York Oil, acrylic, and silkscreen enamel on canvas 1962 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Bay Helen Frankenthaler American Acrylic on canvas 1963 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


The Steerage Alfred Stieglitz New York Photograph 1907 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

The Kiss Constantin Brancusi France Limestone 1907–1908 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Object (Le Déjeuner en fourrure) Meret Oppenheim Belgium Fur-covered cup, saucer, and spoon 1936 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Fountain (second version) Marcel Duchamp France Readymade glazed sanitary china with black paint 1950 C.E (original 1917)

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Narcissus Garden Yayoi Kusama Venice, Italy Mirror balls Original installation/ performance 1966

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Lipstick (Ascending) on Caterpillar Tracks Claes Oldenburg New Haven CT Cor-Ten steel, steel, aluminum, and cast resin; painted with polyurethane enamel 1969–1974 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Spiral Jetty Robert Smithson Great Salt Lake, Utah Earthwork: mud, precipitated salt crystals, rocks, and water coil 1970 C.E.

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

Fallingwater Frank Lloyd Wright (architect) Pennsylvania, U.S Reinforced concrete, sandstone, steel, and glass 1936–1939 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Villa Savoye Le Corbusier (architect) Poissy-sur-Seine, France Steel and reinforced concrete 1929 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION

CONTENT

I.D. INFORMATION

House in New Castle County Robert Venturi, John Rauch, and Denise Scott Brown (architects) Delaware, U.S. Wood frame and stucco 1978–1983 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



FORM

FUNCTION


Seagram Building Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Philip Johnson (architects) New York City, U.S Steel frame with glass curtain wall and bronze 1954–1958 C.E

CONTEXT

THEMES



ROCOCO, NEOCLASSICISM, AND ROMANTICISM TEXT REFERENCES

STOKSTAD: Chapter 29, 18TH Century Art in Europe and the Americas JANSON: Chapter 21, Neoclassicism and Romanticism INTERNET RESOURCES

18th and 19th Century Caricatures and Portrait Prints: http://www.npg.ort.uk/live/demsprint.asp French Art in the Age of Enlightenment: http://mistral.culture.fr/lumiere/documents/files/imaginary_exhibition.html Splendors of Versaille: http://splendors-versailles.org/ Art and Identity in the British North American Colonies, 1700-1776: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arid/hd_arid.htm Arts of the Spanish Americas, 1550-1858: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/spam/hd_spam.htm

19TH CENTURY ART IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES TEXT REFERENCES

STOKSTAD: Chapter 30, 19TH Century Art in Europe and the United States JANSON: Chapter 21, Neoclassicism and Romanticism Chapter 22, Realism and Impressionism INTERNET RESOURCES

William Blake Archive: http://www.blakearchive.org/blake./ Catalogue of American Portraits from the National Portrait Gallery: http://npgportraits.si.edu/code/emuseum.asp Japonisme: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htm Orientalism in Nineteenth Century Art: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm

http://www.npg.ort.uk/live/demsprint.asp

http://mistral.culture.fr/lumiere/documents/files/imaginary_exhibition.html

http://splendors-versailles.org/

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/arid/hd_arid.htm

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/spam/hd_spam.htm

http://www.blakearchive.org/blake./

http://npgportraits.si.edu/code/emuseum.asp

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jpon/hd_jpon.htm

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/euor/hd_euor.htm

20H CENTURY ART IN EUROPE AND THE UNITED STATES TEXT REFERENCES

STOKSTAD: Chapter 31, Modern Art in Europe and the Americas, 1900-1945 JANSON: Chapter 24, 20th Century Painting Chapter 25, 20th Century Sculpture Chapter 26, 20th Century Architecture Chapter 27, 20th Century Photography INTERNET RESOURCES

San Francisco Museum of Modern Art’s Interactive Introduction to Modernism: http://www.sfmoma.org/MSoMA/ Tate Modern Archive: http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/BrowseGroup?cgroupid=999999956 Kodak and the Rise of Amateur Photography: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jkodk/hd_kodk.htm Cubism: http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm Frida Kahlo: http://www.fridakahlo.it/index/html Modern Art from the Guggenheim Museum: http://www.sguggenheimcollection.org/site/movements.html Andy Warhol Museum: http://www.warhol.org Jackson Pollock: http://www.jacksonpollack.org/

INTERNATIONAL SCENE SINCE 1945 TEXT REFERENCES STOKSTAD: Chapter 32, The International Scene Since 1945 JANSON: Chapter 28, Postmodernism

http://www.sfmoma.org/MSoMA/

http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/BrowseGroup?cgroupid=999999956

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/jkodk/hd_kodk.htm

http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/cube/hd_cube.htm

http://www.fridakahlo.it/index/html

http://www.sguggenheimcollection.org/site/movements.html

http://www.warhol.org/

http://www.jacksonpollack.org/

thematic review name: later europe and the americas … · 2020-07-07 · thematic review name: ....

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