theoretical framework on gerontological nursing

8/12/2019 Theoretical Framework on Gerontological Nursing

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EMOTIONS
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Emotionis the complexpsychophysiological experience of anindividual's state of mind as interacting

with biochemical (internal) andenvironmental (external) influences. Inhumans, emotion fundamentally

involves "physiological arousal,expressive behaviors, and consciousexperience."


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Emotion is associated with mood,temperament, personality anddisposition, and motivation.Motivations direct and energizebehavior, while emotions provide the

affective component to motivation,positive or negative.


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Emotional Quotient (EQ)Actually stands for Emotional

Intelligence Quotient.

Much like an intelligence quotient, or IQ, anEQ is said to be a measure of apersonsemotional intelligence.


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Is a term used to describe our ability tounderstand and manage our own emotionsand of those around us, and also our abilityto demonstrate self discipline when

responding to emotional situations.Refers to our capacity to feel empathy for

others, to be able to stand up for what we

believe in and to move towards our goalsand dreams in a tactful and respectfulmanner, always considerate of others.


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Currently there are studies beingconducted on possible ways that an EQmay affect a persons abilities to perform

under pressure, resolve conflict, andgenerally cope with challenges.

Some believe these abilities are simply a

matter of personality, which cannot bemeasured or modified.


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Other studies have linked EQ measurements

to communication and other social skills thatpeople either lack or possess.

Many people are, indeed, facing mounting

physical ailments, psychological stress, sociallosses, and increased dependency at the veryend of life, most older people are well

adjusted emotionally for the bulk of theirlater years


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Dispositional tendencies, life events, andindividuals management of such eventscan all inf luence whether well-beingimproves or deteriorates with age.

Research suggests that reasonably highlevels of affective well-being and emotionalstability are the norm rather than the

exception at least until after adults reach70 or 80 years of age


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In contrast to decline associated withphysical and cognitive aging, emotionalaging appears to benefit from age.

Shifts in cognitive processing ofemotional stimuli and enhancedemotional motivation and emotional

competence likely contribute toimprovements.


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THEORETICAL ASSUMPTIONS

ABOUT EMOTIONAL AGINGA. Socioemotional selectivity theory

holds that anticipated endings such as thesense that lifetime is running out give primacyto enhancing emotionally gratifyingexperiences in the moment as opposed tomaximizing future rewards

This activates mood-enhancement goals andreduces the willingness to accept purelynegative experiences (Carstensen, 2006).


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B. Dynamic integration theory

poses that diminishing cognitivecapacities associated with age make

it more difficult to integrate andaccept negative feelings, andtherefore, older adults increasingly

favor affect optimization over affectcomplexity (Labouvie-Vief, 2003).


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C. Life-span theory of control

The life-span theory of control holdsthat individuals capacity to controltheir environment and achieve theirdevelopmental goals declines in olderadulthood(Heckhausen & Schulz,

1995; Heckhausen, Wrosch, & Schulz,in press).


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Consequently, older adultsincreasingly use secondary controlstrategies, such as emotion

regulation, aimed at changing theself in order to adjust to a givensituation, rather than using primary

control strategies that change thesituation itself.


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Adding to selective andcompensatory changes in emotionalpreferences and strategies, it is

possible that learning and practiceeffects make older adults morecompetent at emotional regulation(Blanchard-Fields, 2007; Scheibe &Blanchard-Fields, 2009).


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Specifically, the long-term experienceand practice in dealing withemotional situations should lead

older adults to acquire situational,strategic, and procedural knowledgeabout emotional processes that

increase their effectiveness inhandling emotional situations.


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Role of Hugs

A hugis a form of physical intimacy, thatusually involves closing or holding the armsaround the neck, back, or waist of another

personA hug, sometimes in association with a kiss,

eye contact or other gestures, is a form of

nonverbal communicationDepending on culture, context and

relationship, a hug can indicate familiarity,love, affection or friendship.


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One person may hug another

as an indication of support,comfort, and consolation. Ahug can be a demonstration ofaffection and emotional

warmth, sometimes arising outof joy or happiness at meetingsomeone. Sometimes hugs area romantic exchange.

People need "hugs throughouttheir lives - it isn't a sensationthat only benefits babies,children and adolescents and

older people.


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Hugs are good for the soul - not only forimproved emotional well-being but forphysical health as well. Without hugs,many people become sad, withdrawn and

even depressed.A hug provides solace, safety and

tenderness. It enables us to have social

contact and an overall sense of well-beingthrough the feeling(s) of importance andbelonging.


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Hugging has been provento have health

benefits. One study hasshown that hugs increase

levels of oxytocin,

and reduce blood pressure.


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This is a picture from an articlecalled The Rescuing Hug. The

article details the first week of lifeof a set of twins. Apparently, eachwere in their respectiveincubators, and one was notexpected to live. A hospital nurse

fought against the hospital rulesand placed the babies in oneincubator. When they wereplaced together, the healthier ofthe two threw an arm over her

sister in an endearing embrace.The smaller babys heart ratestabilized and her temperaturerose to normal.

Let us not forget to

embrace those whom

we love!


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Fallbacks

Erik Erikson, in his Eight Stages OfLife Theory, characterizes old ageas a period of "Integrity vs.Despair", during which a person

focuses on reflecting back on theirlife.


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Those who feel proud oftheir accomplishmentswill feela sense ofintegrity. Successfullycompleting this phasemeans looking back withfew regrets and a generalfeeling of satisfaction.These individuals willattain wisdom, evenwhen confronting death.

Those who areunsuccessful during thisphase will feel that theirlife has been wasted andwill experience many

regrets. The individualwill be left with feelingsof bitterness and despair.


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The problems besetting the elderly arenot only confined to the physical. Theyalso suffer mentally and emotionally,

often feeling lonely and depressed.The fallbacks of aging are :

a) Illness

b) Depression (Isolation, neglect)

c) Death


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The human touch restores a formof human connection that may givethem back the will to live and

rediscover the joys of life. It givesthem a feeling of self worth andshows them that they do matterand they have value.


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"Life is not lost by dying;life is lost minute by

minute, day by draggingday, in all the thousand

small uncaring ways."


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