The 1st MeetingEnglish for Children

Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.PdSTKIP Panca SaktiTangerang, 2014

Theories of learning Teaching Media

To master a spoken language such as English, a child must learn:◦ Basic sounds◦ How words are combined to form meaningful

statements◦ What words and sentences mean

What must be mastered?

Children must learn to hear and pronounce the phonemes of their language to make sense of the speech they hear and to be understood when they speak.

How to teach English for children?

Phonology◦ Is the sound system of language, and basic units of

sound in any given language are its phonemes. Children must learn to hear and pronounce the phonemes of theirs language.

Morphology ◦ Rules for forming words from sounds. Ex: past tense,etc

Syntax◦ Rules for forming sentences from words.

Semantics◦ The aspects of language that concerns meanings.

Pragmantics◦ Rules specifying how language is used appropriately in

different social contexts.

Five aspects of language:

Human communication involves not only language but also forms of nonverbal communication.◦ Facial expressions◦ Tone of voice (intonation)◦ Gestures

The 2nd MeetingEnglish for Children

Oktian Fajar Nugroho, S.PdSTKIP Panca SaktiTangerang, 2014

Theories of

learningOktian Fajar Nugroho,

S.Pd

Learning theory in my opinion..

Learning theory is a tools to

understand how to teach the student well.

Learning as a black box

INPUTS OUTCOMES

INPUTS OUTCOMESLearning

So what’s happening inside the box?

Inside the box there are 4 theories:

behaviorism

cognitivism

humanism

constuctivism

Learning is a change in behavior as a result of the interaction between stimulus and response.

A person is considered to have learned something if he is able to demonstrate changes in behavior.

Behaviorism

Rewards and punishments

Responsibility for student learning rests squarely with the teacher

Lecture-based, highly structured

Behaviorism in the Classroom

Ausubel argues that- teachers should be able to develop the

cognitive potential of students through the meaningful learning process.

- the learning activities of students, especially those in primary education-level would be beneficial if they are involved in many hands-on activities.

Cognitivism

Inquiry-oriented projects

Opportunities for the testing of hypotheses

Curiosity encouraged

Cognitivism in the Classroom

according to the constructivist view, in the process of student learning should be active doing activities, active thinking, develop the concept and meaning members about things that are being studied.

CONSTRUCTIVISM

Social Constructivism in the Classroom

Experiential activities

Personal focus

Collaborative & cooperative learning

According to Abraham Maslow and Carl Rogers:

- In humanism, learning is a process of learner-centered and personalized, and the educator's role is as a facilitator. - Affective and cognitive needs are the keys, and the goal is to build a human being who can actualized themself in a cooperative and supportive environment.

humanistic

1. Open education (choose activity by the students)

2. Cooperative learning (example : cooking, find an animals, find a number, find a alphabet)

Humanistic in the classroom

Teaching MediaOktian Fajar Nugroho, S.Pd