Last Lecture

• Institutional theory/Frames• Institutional Logic• Institutional Void• Institutional Memory• Institutional work• Institutional entrepreneurship• Embedded Agency• Legitimacy

Bricolage and Bricoleur

• How entrepreneurs find solutions from nothing?

• How at times we are amazed by creations that seems exemplary?

• How entrepreneurs manage conflicts within organizations?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D2enG7NzWgo

Activity 1

• You are a investment manager in a social enterprise investment fund like Acumen Fund

• You have to make an investment of 100,000 dollars in a social business idea that generate scalable social impact and is financially sustainable

• Use your leanings from previous classes and discuss with your colleagues– How will you choose the organization to make an

impact investment?

What is Bricolage?

• Construction or creation of a work from diverse set of things that happen to be available or a work created by such a process

• Applying combinations of resources already at hand to new problems and opportunities

• Bricolage is about making do with pre-existing resources, and creating new products from the tools and materials at hand. While bricolage has been identified in prior literature this article makes the first attempt to operationalize this construct in a formal test of hypotheses.

• Process involving the innovative use and combination of resources to pursue opportunities to catalyze social change and/or address social needs (Mair and Seelos, 2006)

Resource Mobilization in International Social Entrepreneurship: Bricolage as a Mechanism of Institutional Transformation, DEsa

• The construction or creation of a work from a diverse range of things that happen to be available. The core meaning in French being, "fiddle, tinker" and, by extension, "to make creative and resourceful use of whatever materials are at hand (regardless of their original purpose)”

• The word is the equivalent of the English do it yourself and is seen on large shed retail outlets throughout France.

• A person who engages in bricolage is a bricoleur

Who is a Bricoleur?

• Jack of all trades• Produces a bricolage, that is a pieced together, close-knit

set of practices that provide solutions to a problem in a concrete situation

• The Social Entrepreneur as Bricoleur uses the resources available to him under contingent situations .

• The Bricoleur is adept at performing a large number of diverse tasks ranging from research, analayis, networking, prototyping, marketing, project management, vision centric

Successful enterprise that use Bricolage

• Knowledge of resources and capabilities• Analysis of capabilities and environment

requirements• Risk taking and innovation• Self correcting and feedback seeking

Institutional Bricolage

• This notion of institutional bricolage denote a process whereby institutions are constructed through borrowing practices and styles of thought that are already part of existing institutions– Institutional entrepreneurs– Embedded agency

Domenico,Haugh,Tracey 2010

• Making Do– Creating something from nothing (e.g., new market or

service where none existed beforehand)– Using discarded, disused, or unwanted resources for

new purposes– Using hidden or untapped local resources that other

organizations fail to recognize• Creation of Social Value– Making adjustments– Improving and adapting

• A refusal to be constrained by limitations– Trying out solutions to counteract limitations imposed by

institutional/ political settings– Subverting limitations imposed by available resource

environments in their ability to create social value• Stakeholder Participation– Social networking activity – Adaptation of governance structures– Access to expertise/new contacts– Persuading stakeholders to leverage resources for the

enterprise

• Improvisation– Adapting standard ways of working and creative thinking to

counteract environmental limitations links with a refusal to be constrained by limitations

– Initiating a range of projects and constantly responding to opportunities

– Embedded agency and community engagement• Persuasion– Influence derived from social legitimacy– Political activity to control local agendas– Aquisition of new resources from stakeholders

Baker, T., Nelson, R. E., & Carolina, N. (2013). Creating Something from Nothing : Resource Construction through Entrepreneurial

Bricolage, 50(3), 329–366.

Baker, T., Nelson, R. E., & Carolina, N. (2013). Creating Something from Nothing : Resource Construction through Entrepreneurial

Bricolage, 50(3), 329–366.

Resource Based View of the Firm

Tangible resources Intangible Resources

Organizational Capabilities

Sustainable Competiveness

Financial resources, Assets

Reputation,Legitimacy

Learning Capability Rare

Human Resources Brand,Research and Development capability

Capital raising capability

Difficult to imitate

Patents, technologies

Market Access, Supply and distribution

Supplier-Manufacture-Consumer-Service Network

Difficulty to substitute

Form of Capital

• Money• Public Capital• Social Network• Tourism• Culture• Arts• Environment well being• Health• Moral Capital

Yunus, M., Moingeon, B., & Lehmann-Ortega, L. (n.d.). Building Social Business Models: Lessons from the Grameen Experience. Long

Range Planning, 43(2-3), 308–325. doi:10.1016/j.lrp.2009.12.005

Activity 2

• You are a management consultant for a Danish MNC

• You have to advice Danish firm (your choice) to partner (Joint venture) with a developing country firm in creating innovative social solutions– Discuss using SWOT Analysis

Revise

• Institutional framework• Bricolage and bricoleur• Ressource based view