906 F. General OLR(1980) 27(12)

7. Inst i tut ions, services and educa- tion

80:6168 Lipson, J. I., 1980. Technology in science educa-

tion: the next 10 years. Computer, 13(7): 23- 28.

A revived interest in classroom computers goes far beyond the single idea of computer-assisted in- struction to explore such concepts as dynamic libraries, simulations, and programming itself as a learning device. One hitch: 'people in school systems view educational technology as a threat. ' This article summarizes a 1978 conference of the Science Education Directorate of the National Science Foundation. National Science Founda- tion, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (fcs)

9. Area studies (multidisciplinary) 80:6169

Varkey, M. J. et al., 1979. The Laccadive Sea (Lakshadweep). Indian J. mar. Sci. , 8(4): 201- 262; 14 papers.

Intensive sampling during a March-April cruise in 1978 was responsible for these reports on the general physical , chemical and biological oceanography of the L a c c a d i v e Sea; phytopiankton and zooplankton studies; trace metals; and the karyology of Labidocera. (slr)

Some terrestrial biologists have suggested that more C is released as CO2 by destruction of forests than is released by fossil fuel burning (5 billion tons, or 5 gigatons, per year), but oceanographers insisted that the oceans could not absorb that much CO2. Recently biologists have revised downward their estimates of terrestrial CO2 releases to about 2 to 4 gigatons of C per year, and oceanographers have conceded that the oceans may accommodate 0.5, perhaps even 1.0, gigatons of COrcarbon. Errors in these estimates are large. Land sources could become more important in the future. (mjj)

80:6172 McClellan, P. H., 1980. Pre-ear thquake animal

behavior: a c loser look for a l ternat ive causes. Geophys. Res. Letts, 7(5): 333-336.

Lott et al. (1979) concluded, on the basis of post- earthquake interviews with Willits (California) residents, that animals respond with 'unusual behavior' to earthquake precursors. Here it is reported that three other geophysical events preceded the Willits earthquake, and while not believed to be related to the earthquake, might well have st imulated the animals ' unusual behavior. The events were a severe rainstorm (following a severe drought), a rapid and large change in barometric pressure, and a large increase in solar-flare cosmic radiation. Future behavioral research will have to consider all environmental anomalies. U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025, U.S.A. (fcs)

10. Studies or reviews of general interest

80:6170 Andrews, N. L. and M. J. Waits, 1980. Theory and

methods of env ironmenta l values research. Interdiscipl. Sci. Rev., 5(1): 71-78.

Environmental value can not necessarily be reduced to monetary value, but claims based on it have become important in courts and public hearings, and administrative decisions have been referenced to it. Can it be defined? The scanty and heterogeneous literature on the subject is here reviewed, and a modest theoretical framework for investigating environmental value claims is proposed. School of Natural Resources, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich., U.S.A. (fcs)

80:6171 Kerr, R. A., 1980. Carbon budget not so out of

whack. Science, 208(4450): 1358-1359.

80:6173 Mitchell, R. C., ed., 1980. Whither env ironmen-

ta l i sm? (Symposium.) Nat. Resour. J., 20(2): 217-358; 6 papers.

This collection of papers addresses both past progress in environmentalism since the first Earth Day (1970) and prognostications for the future. The environmental movement's contributions to the American political system, the role and likelihood of environmental conflicts, alternative 'soft' technology, and the shape of a future where scarcity is a reality are some of the topics con- sidered. (smf)

80:6174 Velarde, M. G. and Christiane Normand, 1980.

Convection. Scient. Am., 243(1); 92-108.

Ocean currents, atmospheric circulation, heat flow in the mantle, shimmering air currents, boiling water, fireplace drafts, smog problems due to temperature inversions, drying of paint films, and gas and particle dispersal in the lungs are all