theory of plate tectonics oceans 11. but firsta little about the internal structure of the earth a...
DESCRIPTION
Earth’s Internal Structure Earth can be divided into 3 main layers: Crust (outside of Earth) Mantle Core (very inside)TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Theory of Plate Tectonics
Oceans 11
![Page 2: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
But first…a little about the internal structure of the Earth
A Brief look Earth’s 2 major layers
![Page 3: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Earth’s Internal Structure
• Earth can be divided into 3 main layers:• Crust (outside of Earth)• Mantle • Core (very inside)
![Page 4: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Earth’s Crust• Crust is the outermost layer.• Two Parts of Crust:
– Continental crust• Mainly granite• Up to 75km thick• Density 2.6g/cm3
– Oceanic crust• Made up of basalt rock (type of volcanic rock)• Up to 8 km thick• Density 3.0g/cm3
![Page 5: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The Mantle• The mantle is the next layer.• This zone is about 2900km thick and makes up
great 82% of Earth’s volume.• Fragments of the mantle have been brought to
the surface by volcanic eruptions.
![Page 6: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Earth’s Core• Earth’s core is extremely hot – hot as the
sun!• Divided into two parts.
– Outer Core• Liquid iron and nickel
– Inner Core • Solid iron
![Page 7: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Now let’s look at the Theory of Plate Tectonics…
![Page 8: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Plate Tectonics – brief history• 1912
– Alfred Wegener, German geophysicist and meteorologist
– Wegener thought that all landmasses formed one supercontinent approximately 225 mya “Pangaea” meaning all earth.
![Page 9: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Wegener’s research:• Geologic record (rock strata)• Fossil record• Climatic record of continents• A KEY FINDINGS:
– Southern America & Africa have many similarities
• Large coal deposits
![Page 10: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Resistance…• Wegener was met with a lot
of skepticism from other scientists and the church.
• 1950 to 1960’s – Geologic Discoveries:
• Similar fossils on each continent
• Same age rock on coast lines• It wasn’t until the 1960’s
that Wegener’s theory was accepted and coined Theory Plate Tectonics
![Page 11: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Animation of Continental Drift
• http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/pangea_4.htm
![Page 12: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
PANGEA
![Page 13: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Definition of Plate Tectonics• Tectonic – Greek meaning “building” or
“construction”• Refers to the configuration of Earth’s crust
as a result of internal forces.
![Page 16: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Plate Tectonic Processes• Include:
– Upwelling of magma– Crustal plate movements– Sea-floor spreading– Subduction of crust– Earthquakes– Volcanic activity– Warping, folding and faulting of crust.
![Page 17: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Earth’s Plates• Plates are made up of:
– Continental crust– Oceanic crust
• These plates float upon the moving asthenosphere.
• Plates move 1 to 19 cm per year– Movement of plates are a result of convection
currents in the asthenosphere– http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/convection.htm
![Page 18: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Earth’s Plates
![Page 19: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
• What do you notice about the relationship between volcanoes(red), earthquakes (yellow) and location of plate boundaries?
![Page 20: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
3 Main types of Plate Boundaries
1. Divergent plate boundary2. Convergent plate boundary3. Transform plate boundary
![Page 21: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Divergent Plate Boundaries• Plates separate (move away from each other)• Almost always occurs between two ocean plates. • When ocean plates separate, new crust is formed through the
upwelling of magma. This is called sea-floor spreading.– http://education.sdsc.edu/optiputer/flash/seafloorspread.htm
– Mid-oceanic ridges – http://www.planetseed.com/files/flash/science/features/earth/
livingplanet/plate_boundaries/en/index2.html?width=570&height=475&popup=true
![Page 22: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Iceland, "the land of fire and ice", is being split by an oceanic ridge that surfaces to create an oceanic island (left and below) in the North Atlantic Ocean.
• Red triangles show Iceland's active volcanoes, including Krafla. Reykjavik is Iceland's capital.
![Page 23: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Divergent Plate Boundaries• Something
interesting!!!• Great Rift Valley in
Africa• A continental plate is
breaking up!• Convection currents
under the crust are pulling this area apart!
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w7Y2R4KBwvo
![Page 24: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Convergent Plate Boundaries• These plate boundaries can occur between:
– Oceanic and Continental plates• “Subduction Zones”• http://www.planetseed.com/files/flash/science/features/earth/livingplanet/plate_boundaries/en/index2.html?
width=570&height=475&popup=true
– Continental and Continental plates• Mountain building• http://www.planetseed.com/files/flash/science/features/earth/livingplanet/plate_boundaries/en/index2.html?
width=570&height=475&popup=true
![Page 25: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Transform Plate Boundaries• These are where plates move side-to-side.• Trigger earthquakes• http://www.planetseed.com/files/flash/science/features/earth/livingplanet/
plate_boundaries/en/index2.html?width=570&height=475&popup=true
![Page 26: Theory of Plate Tectonics Oceans 11. But firsta little about the internal structure of the Earth A Brief look Earths 2 major layers](https://reader035.vdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022070611/5a4d1bbc7f8b9ab0599d1659/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Your Task • Complete the “checking your
understanding” questions and hand in.• Complete the Plate Tectonic Map Activity