MCGREGOR’S

THEORY 'X' AND THEORY 'Y'

McGREGOR

Who develop the theory x and theory y which show two side of human behavior

Click icon to add picture

Theory x and theory y are like two side of a coin .each are opposite each other

Motivate employee by x & y theory

Click icon to add picture

Its is traditional theory of management philosophy.

“power is supreme” is the main theme of this theory

The line of authority or chain of command goes directly from the top to down through the various layer of the organization with some delegation of authority but full and detailed accountability up the line

People at work level have no option but to obey authority

THEORY 'X'

The average person inherently dislike work and will avoid if it possible

People must be controlled, directed and threatened with punishment to get them to pay for the adequate efforts towards the achievement organization goal

The average human being prefers to be directed,

wishes to avoid responsibility and put off the work till it is necessary

ASSUMPTION OF THE THEORY "X"

Most people at work has relative little ambition , seeks security and economic rewards above all else

Most people are lack of creative ability and are resistant to change

Little scope for development and researchThe manager have to exercise centralized

control and supervision

Theory suggests a new approach in management

This theory emphasizes on the co-operative endeavor of management and employees

Maximum output with minim amount of control and direction

THEORY "Y"

Average human does not dislike workExternal control and threat of punishment are

not the only mean or bringing about effort towards organizational object , man will exercise self direction and self control

Not only accept but to seek responsibility, Avoidance of responsibility, lack of ambition ,

emphasis on security are the consequences of experiences and not inherent

ASSUMPTIONS OF THEORY "Y"

The theory of y made emphasis on creating the opportunities , removing obstacles , encouraging growth and provide guidance

MCGERGORS believed that decentralized organization, democratic leadership and two way communication will help to create a good working atmosphere

THEORY ‘X’1. Human being are

inherently dislike work2. People are un-

ambitious and like to be directed and try to be avoid responsibilities

3. Lack of capacity for creativity and resist change

1. Human beings are does not dislike work

2. People are ambitious and capable of directing their own behaviors .

3. People are creative by nature and they accept change also

COMPARISON OF "X" & "Y"THEORY ‘Y’

4. Control and close supervision to achieve object , they lack self motivation

5. Scalar chain of command centralization of authority

4. Self controlled and self directed also

5. decentralization of authority and great participation in decision making process

MANAGEMENT PROCESS WITH THEORY 'X' & THEORY 'Y'

ACTIVITIES THEORY ‘X’ THEORY ‘Y’1. PLANING Superior set of

objective. for subordinate little participation in setting and plan formaulation

Superior and subordinate set objective jointly .great deal of participation in objective setting and plan formulation

1. DRIECTLY Low commitment to objective and plan autocratic leadership based on authority. Top to down communication with little feedback limit information

High commitment to objective and plan participation and team work leadership based on competence Two way communication with plenty of feedback. Free information flow

3. CONTROLLING

Low trust in appraisal . Control is extreme and rigid. Focus on past and fault finding

High trust in appraisal. Internal control based on self control. Based on past but forward looking and problem solving