THERAPEUTIC ACTIONTHERAPEUTIC ACTIONOFOF

DRUGSDRUGS

JIBUJIBU

XII-OXII-O

DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRUGSDIFFERENT TYPES OF DRUGS

ANTACIDSANTACIDS ANTIHISTAMINESANTIHISTAMINES NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGSNEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS ANTIMICROBIALSANTIMICROBIALS ANTIFERTILITY DRUGSANTIFERTILITY DRUGS

ANTACIDSANTACIDS

The chemical substances which neutralize The chemical substances which neutralize excess acid in the gastric juices and give relief excess acid in the gastric juices and give relief from acid indigestion,acidity,heart burns and from acid indigestion,acidity,heart burns and gastric ulcers are called antacids eg.baking sodagastric ulcers are called antacids eg.baking soda

Metal hydroxides are better alternatives becauseMetal hydroxides are better alternatives because

of being insoluble,these do not increase pH of being insoluble,these do not increase pH above neutrality. These treatments control only above neutrality. These treatments control only symptoms ,and not the cause .symptoms ,and not the cause .

ANTIHISTAMINESANTIHISTAMINES Substances derived from food or environment Substances derived from food or environment

may cause allergic reaction in human beings . may cause allergic reaction in human beings . This is due to the release of chemical This is due to the release of chemical substances called histamine.substances called histamine.

Antihistamines are chemical substances which Antihistamines are chemical substances which diminish or abolish the main actions of histamine diminish or abolish the main actions of histamine released in the body hence prevent the allergic released in the body hence prevent the allergic reaction.reaction.

Synthetic drugs, Dimetapp and seldane act as Synthetic drugs, Dimetapp and seldane act as antihistamines. They interfere with the natural antihistamines. They interfere with the natural action of histamine by competing with histamine action of histamine by competing with histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine for binding sites of receptor where histamine exerts its effect.exerts its effect.

NEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGSNEUROLOGICALLY ACTIVE DRUGS

TYPES OF NADTYPES OF NADo TRANQUILIZERSTRANQUILIZERSo ANALGESICSANALGESICS

NON-NARCOTIC DRUGSNON-NARCOTIC DRUGS NARCOTIC DRUGSNARCOTIC DRUGS

TRANQUILIZERSTRANQUILIZERS

The chemical substances used for the treatment The chemical substances used for the treatment of stress,mild and severe mental disease are of stress,mild and severe mental disease are called tranquillizers.called tranquillizers.

These affect the message transfer mechanism These affect the message transfer mechanism from nerve to receptor.from nerve to receptor.

These relieve anxiety ,stress,irritabiltiy or These relieve anxiety ,stress,irritabiltiy or excitement by inducing a sense of well-being. excitement by inducing a sense of well-being.

Antidepressant drugsAntidepressant drugs

Noradreline is one of the neurotransmitters that Noradreline is one of the neurotransmitters that plays a role in mood changes. If it is low then plays a role in mood changes. If it is low then signal sending activity becomes low, and the signal sending activity becomes low, and the person suffers from depression.person suffers from depression.

In these situations antidepressant drugs are In these situations antidepressant drugs are required.these inhibit the enzymes which required.these inhibit the enzymes which catalyse the degradation of noradreline.catalyse the degradation of noradreline.

If the enzyme is inhibited ,this important If the enzyme is inhibited ,this important neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can neurotransmitter is slowly metabolised and can activate its receptor for longer periods of activate its receptor for longer periods of time,thus counteracting the effect of depression. time,thus counteracting the effect of depression.

ANALGESICSANALGESICS

The chemical substances which are used to The chemical substances which are used to relive pains without causing impairment of relive pains without causing impairment of consciousness,mental confusion,inco-ordination consciousness,mental confusion,inco-ordination or paralysis or some other disturbances of or paralysis or some other disturbances of nervous system are called analgesics.nervous system are called analgesics.

These are of two typesThese are of two typeso non-narcoticnon-narcotico narcoticnarcotic

NON-NARCOTICNON-NARCOTIC

The commom non-addictive analgesics are The commom non-addictive analgesics are aspirin,analgin,novalgin.aspirin,analgin,novalgin.

Aspirin has antipyretic properties also ie; Aspirin has antipyretic properties also ie; (temperature lowering).used in the prevention of (temperature lowering).used in the prevention of heart attack because it has anti-blood clotting heart attack because it has anti-blood clotting action etcaction etc

NARCOTICNARCOTIC Certain narcotics are also used as Certain narcotics are also used as

analgesics .For eg. Morphine and its derivatives analgesics .For eg. Morphine and its derivatives are used in severe pain .are used in severe pain .

These are known to be habit forming .These are known to be habit forming . When taken in excessive doses these produce When taken in excessive doses these produce

stupor coma , convulsions and lead to death .stupor coma , convulsions and lead to death .

ANTIMICROBIALSANTIMICROBIALS

These are the chemical substances used to cure These are the chemical substances used to cure infections due to micro-organisms.infections due to micro-organisms.

Types of antimicrobial drugs;Types of antimicrobial drugs;o AntibioticsAntibioticso antiseptics and disinfectantsantiseptics and disinfectants

ANTIBIOTICSANTIBIOTICS

Antibiotics refers to a substance (produced Antibiotics refers to a substance (produced wholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which inwholly or partly by chemical synthesis) which in

low concentration inhibits the growth or destroys low concentration inhibits the growth or destroys micro-organisms by intervening in their micro-organisms by intervening in their metabolic processes.metabolic processes.

antibiotic therapy may be regarded as “setting antibiotic therapy may be regarded as “setting one thief against another.”one thief against another.”

the antibiotics maybe either bactericidal (kills the the antibiotics maybe either bactericidal (kills the organisms in the body ) or bacteriostatic(inhibits organisms in the body ) or bacteriostatic(inhibits the growth of organisms) .the growth of organisms) .

Penicillin has a narrow spectrum.These can be Penicillin has a narrow spectrum.These can be used for curing soar throat,rheumatic fever ,local used for curing soar throat,rheumatic fever ,local infections ,etc.infections ,etc.

Broad spectrum antibioticsBroad spectrum antibiotics

these are the antibiotics which are effective these are the antibiotics which are effective against several types of harmful micro-organism.against several types of harmful micro-organism.

therefore, these are for curing a variety of therefore, these are for curing a variety of diseases.The common examples are diseases.The common examples are tetracycline,chloromycetin,etctetracycline,chloromycetin,etc

ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTSANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS The chemical substances which are used to The chemical substances which are used to

either kill or prevent the growth of micro-either kill or prevent the growth of micro-organisms are called antiseptics.These are not organisms are called antiseptics.These are not harmful to living tissues . eg. are harmful to living tissues . eg. are furacin,soframycin.furacin,soframycin.

The chemical substances which are used to kill The chemical substances which are used to kill micro-organisms but they cannot be applied on micro-organisms but they cannot be applied on living tissues are called disinfectants. eg. Are living tissues are called disinfectants. eg. Are chlorine and sulphur dioxide in very low chlorine and sulphur dioxide in very low concentration. concentration.

ANTIFERTILITY DRUGSANTIFERTILITY DRUGS

These are the chemical substances used to These are the chemical substances used to control the preganancy.The basic aim of control the preganancy.The basic aim of antifertility drugs is to prevent conception or antifertility drugs is to prevent conception or fertilization.fertilization.

Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic Birth control pills contain a mixture of synthetic estrogen and progesterone derivatives.estrogen and progesterone derivatives.