Therapies

• Treatment History • Mental Hospitals– • Moral Therapy– • Phenothiazines- • Deinstitutionalization –

Cultural Diversity

• Evil spirits possess one yielding extreme moods

• Healers used – smoke, herbs, doll effigies, ceremonies –

Later Interventions

• Community Mental Health Centers

• Medicaid funding for prescriptions & some counseling

• ~ 40% w/ problems don’t seek help

Therapists

• PsychiatristsPsychiatrists –

• Clinical PsychologistsClinical Psychologists–

• Counseling PsychologistsCounseling Psychologists –

• Social WorkersSocial Workers -

• NursesNurses –

• Homeopathic Practitioners - Specialists

Psychodynamic Psychotherapy

• Identify feelings

• Breakdown defenses / resistance

• Interpret behaviors

• Work through transference

• Shortened time frame

– Improvement over control groups

– Short-term -> 25-30 sessions

Client-centered therapy

• Potential for self-actualization• Reflecting – • Positive regard – • Empathy – • Genuine –

Cognitive Therapy

• Addressing automatic thoughts

• Overgeneralization–• Polarized thinking – • Selective attention –

Behavior Therapy

• Using classical & operant conditioning

• Systematic Desensitization• Relaxation • Stimulus Hierarchy- • Exposure –

• Example: Insomnia, Fears

Cognitive-Behavior Therapy

• Addresses thoughts & behaviors• Intrusive thoughts• Self-monitoring– • Thought stopping –

Examples:

Common factors in therapies

• Basic set of procedures

• Supportive & trusting relationship

• Accepting atmosphere

• Attention to the issues

Psychoanalysis – Freud: 1800-1900

• Assumptions• repressed

thoughts, conflict, leading to emotional problems

• Techniques• Free

association, dream interpretation, psychoanalysis

Client-centered Therapy: Rogers 40’s & 50’s

• Assumptions

• Clients have potential for self-actualization

• Techniques• Reflecting,

empathy, positive regard, supportive relationship

Cognitive Therapy– Beck 60’s & 70’s

• Assumptions• Automatic,

irrational, negative thoughts affect feelings, actions and distort perceptions

• Techniques • Self-monitoring,

Thought-stopping, thought substitution

Behavior Therapy – 50’s various

• Assumptions• Emotional

reactions and behaviors are conditioned and can be unconditioned

• Techniques• Systematic

Desensitization, reward / punishment, cognitive- behavior therapy

Other Imperatives

• Music – positive themes• * Survival collection*

• Laughter / Humor – enjoyment leads to increase in mental health functioning

• (Psychoneuroimmunology)