There have been 44 presidents of the United States. Can you remember them all?http://smartsongs.org/presidents-rap-2

Federalist (2 terms)• Commander in chief Continental army revolutionary war• Constitutional Convention Philadelphia 1787• Helped establish federal government

Federalist (1 term)• Negotiated Treaty of Paris to end Amer. Revolution

Democratic-Republican (2 terms)• Drafted Declaration of Independence• Louisiana Purchase from Napoleon Bonaparte• Sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition

Democratic-Republican (2 terms)• Helped draft Constitution (supported ratification) – opposed Federalist party • Was not in favor of strong central government• Urged Congress to support War of 1812 (after British seizure of U.S. cargo ships and sailors)

Democratic-Republican (2 terms)• “Era of Good Feelings” president• Monroe Doctrine – warned that Western Hemisphere was no longer open for colonization• Missouri Compromise (slave / free states)

Democratic-Republican (1 term)• Envisioned a modernized transportation system (roads, canals, trains, etc.)• Helped formulate the Monroe Doctrine

Democratic-Republican (2 terms)• Military leader in War of 1812 with Britain• Advocate of union between states• Trail of Tears, Indian Removal• Spoils system

Democratic (1 term)• Free soil advocate• Fought for independent treasury• Establish first state-wide political machine

Whig (1 month: died of pneumonia in office)• Military leader • Treaty negotiator Northwest & Indian Territories

Whig (finished Harrison’s term)• Florida statehood• Texas annexed• Log Cabin Bill: land offered to settlers for $1.25 / acre• Advocate for states’ rights and later Confederacy

Democratic (1 term)• Gained Oregon territory• Prevailed in Mexican-Amer. War, established statehood for Texas• Acquisition of Mexican land (New Mexico, Arizona, California)• Expansionist, states’ right advocate

Whig (1 year, died in office of illness)• Commanded U.S. forces in Mexican War• Nationalist (rather than states’ rights advocate)• Southern slaveholder• Urged settlers west to press for statehood -- this set the stage for Compromise of 1850

Whig (finished Taylor’s term)• Called for enactment of Compromise of 1850• Sent Commodore Perry to open trade with Japan

Democratic (1 term)• Kansas-Nebraska Act (popular sovereignty) • Gadsden Purchase (parts of Arizona and New Mexico acquired from Mexico)

Democratic (1 term)• Dred Scott case (slaves not citizens, cannot sue for freedom)• South Carolina seceded from Union 1860 – Civil War stage set• First transatlantic cable laid • Crisis of disunion, sent reinforcements to Fort Sumter

Republican (1 term, assassinated by J.Wilkes Booth in office)• Faced with Civil War, defeated Confederates• Emancipation Proclamation• Gettysburg Address

Democratic (finished Lincoln’s term)• Reconstruction of South• Presidential pardons• Political battle with Radical Reps. who impeached him for violation of Tenure of Office Act (acquitted by 1 vote)• Civil Rights Act 1866 (13, 14, 15 amendments – radical Reps. enact)

Republican (2 terms)• Leader of Union army Civil War• Radical Reconstruction, promoted voting rights, prosecuted KKK• Ran government in military style

Republican (1 term)• Discontinued military control of South) --- Reconstruction ended• Won election with a tie-breaking congressional commission

Republican (6 months, assassinated)• Second president to be assassinated• Tried to do away with spoils system (reform)

Republican (finished Garfield’s term)• Civil Service Commission (govt. positions based on merit and exams)• First federal immigration law enacted

Democrat (2 terms)• Interstate Commerce Act – end RR problems (1887)• Reduced number of federal employees• Only to serve two non-consecutive terms

Republican• Sherman Anti-Trust Act – limiting business monopolies• First president to win Electoral College but lose popular vote

Democratic• Repealed free coinage (restoring Treasury’s gold reserves)• Expanded Monroe Doctrine (European powers forbidden to colonize OR interfere in any Amer. Interest in

Western hem.)

Republican (1 term, started 2nd term assassinated 2 months in)• Annexed Hawaii• Reformed Civil Service• Spanish-American War (USS Maine sunk, gained control of Cuba, Philippines, PR, Guam)• U.S. troops to China (Boxer Rebellion)

Republican (finished McKinley’s term, elected 2nd term)• Trust buster, Sherman Anti-Trust Act (break up RRs and monopolies)• Corollary to Monroe Doctrine, imperialist• Panama Canal , Speak softly carry big stick• Conservationist• Ran again as Bull Moose Party, Progressive

Republican• Love law (chief justice of S.C.) better at law than presidency• Progressive leadership: Direct election of senators, set RR rates based on Interstate Commerce Commission• Generated union support for national causes• Helped strengthen federal courts to shape national policy

Democratic (2 terms)• Progressive: anti-trust modifications, banking reform, implemented small federal income tax, limited powers

of Wall Street, established central banking system• WWI (1st president involved in global conflict), Treaty of Versailles, League of Nations, 14 points

Republican (1 term – died in office)• Oversaw signing of peace treaties end of WWI• Pushed to establish Veterans Bureau• Established federal budget system (restored high tariffs to protect Amer. Industries / imposed immigration limits)• 1st president elected after women had right to vote

Republican (2 terms, finished Harding’s term, reelected)• Revenue Act (reduced personal income taxes)• Signed bill granting full citizenship to Native Americans• Dedicated Mt. Rushmore National Memorial• Weak leadership – led to stock market crash and Great Depression

Republican (1 term)• Great Depression• Appointed commission for National Parks and National Forests, (Boulder) Hoover Dam• Emergency Relief and Construction Act (first federal unemployment assistance program)• Volunteerism (attitude cost him a second term in office)

Democratic (3 terms, started 4th term died of polio in office)• Great Depression, WWII, New Deal, Fireside Chats, Wagner Act (labor unions supported), Social Security (retirement benefits)• WWII neutrality, Pearl Harbor “day live in infamy,” declared war on Japan, D-Day invasion – turned tide of war in Allies’ favor• Founded March of Dimes• Two term limit established after his 12 years in office

Democratic (2 terms, finished FDRs and reelected)• WWII, atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Japan• Cold War, supported Marshall Plan (help rebuild post war Europe)• Dept. of Defense, U.S. Air Force, CIA, National Security Council, desegregation of U.S. Armed Forces• 2 Points Program “Fair Deal”, UN, NATO, Korean War

Republican (2 terms)• Commander of Allied Forces D-Day (national hero), negotiated cease-fire to end Korean War• Cold War, New and Fair Deal Programs, Dept. of Health, Education, Welfare• Military to Little Rock Arkansas for desegregation, Established interstate Highway System for rapid nationwide military movement• One Nation Under God, In God We Trust

Democratic (1 term, assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald)• Create Peace Corps. & Alliance for Progress (helping developing countries with ed. And health care)• Cold War, Cuban Missile Crisis, Partial Test Ban (limit nuclear testing)• Equal rights “Ask what you can do for your country”• Youngest president to be elected and to die in office

Democratic (2 terms, finished JFKs and reelected)• Cold War, Vietnam, Great Society Programs (Medicare, Social Security, Head Start)• Civil Rights Act 1964 outlawed racial segregation, Voting Rights Act, National Endowment for Humanities & Arts• Pushed for man to moon landing• Awarded Silver Star for U.S. Navy Service WWII

Republican (2 terms, resigned during second term)• Vietnamization, Détente, Negotiated cease fire with North Vietnam to end war (1973)• Improved relations with China and USSR, treaty to limit nuclear weapons• Anti-crime legislation, integration of public schools, end draft, initiation of NASA’s space shuttle program• Resigned after Watergate Scandal (criminal charges)

Republican (finished Nixon’s term)• Succeeded a president who resigned, task of healing nation to restore lost faith• Tax Reduction Act, Education for Handicapped Children Act, special education• Pardoned Nixon• Escaped two attempted assassinations (both by women)

Democratic (1 term)• Executive Order (amnesty for Vietnam draft evaders)• Energy and Education departments• Price controls on domestic petroleum, inflation, recession, Camp David Accords (Israel and Egypt)• SALT II, Iranian Hostage Crisis

Republican (2 terms)• Reaganomics (supply-side economics), created 16 million jobs to reduce inflation, reduced nuclear missiles• Record 525 electoral votes (most in history), Iran-Contra Affair (scandal Iranian arms sold to Contras in Nicaragua to help against

communists, “Mr. Gorbachev, tear down that wall” Berlin Wall down, reunification of Germany• Supported anti-communist regimes in Africa, Asia and Central America, appointed 1st women O’Connor to Sup. Court

Republican (1 term)• Berlin Wall down, USSR dissolved, end of communist bloc and Cold War (after 40 years)• Noriega ousted from Panama, allied coalition to stop Iraq’s Saddam Hussein from invading Kuwait (Persian Gulf War)• Increased unemployment benefits, Americans with Disabilities Act, Clean Act Act reauthorized

Democratic (2 terms)• Low inflation, high home ownership, reduced crime rate, low unemployment, Family and Medical Leave Act, Brady Bill (must wait

5 days for handgun purchase), peacekeeping forces in Bosnia, impeached for Lewinsky scandal (acquitted), Whitewater scandal• Appointed more women to cabinet positions than any other president

Republican (2 terms)• No Child Left Behind), tax relief, increased pay for military, 9/11 terrorist attack, invasion in Afghanistan (topple Taliban and find Al-Qaeda

leader Osama bin Laden of Iraq), Saddam Hussein killed, no UN support since no evidence of weapons of mass destruction, war continues, USA Patriot Act, Department of Homeland Security, increased funding for Science and Institutes of Health, Medicare Act, Enron and Tyco sandals, bailouts, global warming, anthrax, econ. problems

Democratic (2 terms)• Electoral college win 365 votes, address global warming, control conventional weapons, health care, public accountability in use of

federal funds, increased tax credits for low-income workers welfare reform, subsidies for child care, monitor racial profiling, mandate videotaping of homicide interrogations, labor, education

• First African-American President