There is one thing that ALL of you

wanted/ want/ or will be wanting this school year.

Follow the directions on the “Bell Ringer” section of the handout.

Rhetoric

Rhetoric (n) – 1. the art of speaking or writing effectively2. using speech or writing to persuade

AristotleAristotle, the Greek

philosopher, described three main forms of rhetoric:

EthosLogosPathos

• Ethos = Ethics

• Refers to the trustworthiness of the speaker/writer.  

• The speaker must establish moral credibility and expertise in his or her field in the minds of the audience

Ethos

Ethos

We tend to believe people…we likewe respectwe think are worth listening to

Endorsements– Celebrities– Public Figures– Institutions

Logos• Logos = logic• An “if…then…”

argument• Logos refers to any

attempt to appeal to the intellect.

• The audience relies on reasoning and facts to make its decision.

• Numbers, polls and statistics are also examples of the persuasive use of logic. 

Logos

Logos is appeal based on logic or reason.

Strong arguments are based on…Reasons StatisticsEvidence HistoryLogic ReasoningFacts Common Sense

Pathos• Pathos = pity

(emotion)

• Accept a claim based on how it makes you feel without fully analyzing the rationale behind the claim

• May persuade you with fear, love, patriotism, guilt, hate or joy

Pathos

Pathos is appeal based on emotion.

Our decisions are often swayed by…insecurity excitement painsympathy fear sadnessenvy pity imaginationstories ridicule humorbeliefs joy anger

Ethos, Logos,

orPathos?

Now you try:

I deserve the position because I have worked faithfully for the same company the past 30 years. I always go above and beyond what is expected of me. I was even selected as “Employee of the Month.”

Ethos, Pathos, or

Logos?

Pathos, logos, or ethos?

Ethos, Pathos, or Logos?#2Pathos, logos, or ethos?

Ethos, Pathos, or Logos?Pathos, logos, or ethos?

Now you try:

According to a study by CNN, 28% of teenagers report that they could manage without a TV.

Ethos, Logos, or Pathos?

Each small group will be a different superhero. The earth is in danger and I must choose one

superhero to defend mankind as we know it. Using logos, pathos, and ethos, your group

must convince me that your superhero deserves the honor of saving the world. (5 of each)

Superhero Battle Activity

One Last Thing:Go back and look at the reasons you created for the bellringer. Label each reason with ethos,logos, or pathos. Circle the most convincing and explain why it is the most convincing (be sure to include logical, emotional, or ethical

in your explanation). Keep your audience in mind!