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Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation IB PHYSICS | UNIT 12 | ENERGY PRODUCTION

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Page 1: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body RadiationIB PHYSICS | UNIT 12 | ENERGY PRODUCTION

Page 2: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Heat Transfer

There are 3 primary ways that heat is transferred:

Page 3: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Conduction

Conduction occurs between objects in direct __________

Page 4: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Conduction

Why does this frying pan have a plastic handle?

Page 5: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Conduction

Page 6: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Convection

Convection occurs when fluids (liquids or gases) move around due to temperature differences

Hot Air ________

Cold Air ________

AB

C

DWhere should I

roast my marshmallow?

Page 7: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Convection

Why does hot air rise?

Page 8: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Convection

Page 9: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Radiation

Radiation is energy that is transferred as waves such as visible light and infrared

Radiation can travel through __________________

Page 10: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Label Me

Page 11: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Emissivity

What color car heats up the most in the sun?

Page 12: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Black Body Radiator

A black body radiator is an object that is perfectly opaque and absorbs all energy

Page 13: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Emissivity

Emissivity eπ‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ 𝑏𝑦 π‘Ž π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘Žπ‘π‘’

π‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š π‘Ž π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘π‘˜ π‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘Žπ‘šπ‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Ž

The emissivity is used to adjust for an object that isn’t a perfect black-body radiator

This value is always between 0 and 1

𝑒 β‰ˆ 𝑒 β‰ˆ

Page 14: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Stefan-Boltzmann Law

𝑃 = π‘’πœŽπ΄π‘‡4

Stefan-Boltzmann Constant Οƒ 5.67 Γ— 10-8 W m-2 K-4

Emissivity eπ‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ 𝑏𝑦 π‘Ž π‘ π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘“π‘Žπ‘π‘’

π‘π‘œπ‘€π‘’π‘Ÿ π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘–π‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘‘ π‘“π‘Ÿπ‘œπ‘š π‘Ž π‘π‘™π‘Žπ‘π‘˜ π‘π‘œπ‘‘π‘¦ π‘œπ‘“ π‘‘β„Žπ‘’ π‘ π‘Žπ‘šπ‘’ π‘‘π‘’π‘šπ‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘Žπ‘‘π‘’π‘Ÿπ‘’ π‘Žπ‘›π‘‘ π‘Žπ‘Ÿπ‘’π‘Ž

Page 15: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Proportionality

How much more heat energy is radiated from a 80Β°C cup of water than from a 20Β°C cup of water? 𝑃 = π‘’πœŽπ΄π‘‡4

*Careful! Temperature must be converted into Kelvin

Page 16: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Try This

A star has a radius of 8.3 Γ— 107 m and a surface temperature of 7500Β°C. Calculate the power it emits.

Page 17: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Radiated Energy

Predicted

Actual

When a black body radiator is heated up, it emits a range of different wavelengths

Page 18: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Glowing Hot

If the temperature is high enough the radiation that is emitted is in the visible spectrum

Page 19: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Wien’s Displacement Law

*Note: This assumes perfect blackbody radiation

Ξ»max(metres) =2.90 Γ— 10βˆ’3

T (kelvin)

Page 20: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Try This

At what wavelength is the emitted radiation of the Sun maximized if it has a surface temperature of 5780 K?

What is the most prevalent color of sunlight?

Page 21: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Sample IB Question

Page 22: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

IB Physics Data Booklet

Page 23: Thermal Energy Transfer & Black Body Radiation

Takeaways from Today

Know the difference between:

β€’ Conductionβ€’ Convectionβ€’ Radiation

Black Body RadiatorsEmissivityStefan-Boltzmann Law

Wien’s Displacement Law

𝑃 = π‘’πœŽπ΄π‘‡4

Ξ»max(metres) =2.90 Γ— 10βˆ’3

T (kelvin)


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