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Presentation on vocational training at D.S.P.M.TPS,korba east(2015-16)

presented by -Ayushi kesarvani electrical 5th sem

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT      

I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Shri- S.K.Banjara(C.E.) PGTI ,CSPGCL for providing me an opportunity to do my vocational training and project work in (D.S.P.M,TPS) korba, east.

I sincerely thank Mr . joshi sir (H.O.D of electrical engg.

department) Govt. polytechnic college for their guidance and encouragement in carrying out this project work. I also wish to express my gratitude to the officials and other staff members of DSPM,TPS korba ,east who rendered there help during the period of my project work.

  Finally I express my thanks to my parents for supporting me while

I was able to complete this work successfully.     Submitted by:- Ayushi

power generation in indiaThe Dr. Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Thermal

Power Station is a 500-megawatt (MW) coal-fired power station at Korba East in Chhattisgarh, India.

At present india’s total installed power capacity stands at 1,47,402.81 MW. of this the contribution of each sources are-

Thermal - 93,392 MWHydro - 36,647.76MWNuclear sources - 4120 mwRenewable energy - 13,242.41mw

contentsIntroduction Layout of power plant Coal handling plantWater treatment plantBoiler and equipmentsTurbine and auxiliariesTransformer and switchyardAsh disposal system Other main equipments

introduction to thermal power plant Nowadays, Thermal power plant constitute about 60 % of the total installed capacity in the country. A Thermal power plant uses coal and water to produce high pressure and high temperature steam. The energy of this steam is converted in to mechanical energy due to rotation of turbine. Now mechanical energy of turbine is converted into electrical form with the help of alternators.

The functioning of every thermal power plant is based on the following processes

Coal to steam Steam to mechanical power Power generation, transmission and

distribution.

Layout of thermal power plant

Working of thermal power plant

Coal handling plant

Coal handling plant---:Coal is the main fuel of a thermal power station.

Coal is classified as : Peat.LigniteBituminousAnthracite Peat Lignite Bitum. AnthCarbon % 50-55 65-75 76-90 >93 Hydrogen % # 6.2 # 5.5 5.5-6.0 <2.8Oxygen % # 35 #20 8-18 <3

Water treatment section

Water treatment plant

Water treatment plant The system which is used to remove the impurities

present in raw water is known as Water Treatment. Water treatment is done to protect the boiler tubes from corrosion and thus from damage.The final product of WT plant is de-mineralized water (DM water). The water treatment is sub-divided as:-

Pre-treatment Post treatment Pre-treatment- In the pre-treatment almost all visible

matters are separated from water. In practice, alum and lime are used for quick sedimentation . The treatment removes 90% of organic impurities and thus clarified water is obtained.

Post treatment- This is about dissolved impurities which are mostly salts of sodium, calcium and magnesium and other elements.

After this process DM water is obtained which is stored in DM water tanks and then supplied to boiler.

Boiler structure

Boiler and equipmentsThe heat of combustion of coal in the boiler is utilized

to convert water in to steam at high temperature and pressure .The flue gases from boiler make their journey through super heater, economizer, air-pre heater .The boiler in the thermal power station consists of the following equipments:-

Super heater:-super heater is used to remove the moisture content from the steam. Super heater raises the temperature of steam above 540 degree celcius . Advantages of super heater-

1. Increases efficiency2. Reduces corrosion of turbine blades

Economizer :-An economizer is essentially a feed water heater and derives heat from the flue gases for this purpose. The feed water is fed to the economizer before supplying it to the boiler. The economizer extracts a part of heat of flue gases to increase the feed water temperature. Thus, saving on fuel consumption to a large extent.

Air pre-heater:-An air pre-heater increases the temperature of the air supplied for coal burning by deriving heat from flue gases. The heat is transferred to the air fed into the boiler for combustion and increases efficiency.

Electrostatic precipitatorThey are used to separate the

ash particles from flue gases. In this the flue gas is allowed into the ESP, where there are several metallic plates. when these gases enter , a very high potential difference is applied, which causes gas particles to ionize and stick to the plates, whereas the ash particles fall down and are collected in a hopper . The flue gases is allowed to cool down and is the released to the chimney.

turbine and auxiliaries

Turbine is the prime mover converting the energy of steam to the rotation of turbine shaft which in turns rotates the rotor of generator.

In small generation unit (below 100MW) only single stage turbine is used. But in large generation unit three stage turbine is used.

a. High pressure or (HP) turbineb. Intermediate pressure or (IP) turbinec. Low pressure or (LP) turbine

Turbine

Electrical equipments in power plantPower plant consists of variety of

electrical equipment.Major electrical equipments are

Alternator, exciters, synchronizing equipment, Circuit Breakers, current and potential transformers, relays and protection equipments, isolator, lightening arresters, earthing equipment, station transformer, battery and motor for driving auxiliaries.

Transformer is the main equipment used in the power station.

Transformer

Transformer Transformer is a static device which transfers

AC electrical power from one circuit to another without changing the frequency but the voltage level is changed.

Cooling OFB OB ONMVA 130 90 65KV no-load 230 H.V.

13.8 L.V.Current (HV) 326.3 A 226 A 163 A

(LV) 5438.5 A 3765 A 2719 APhase 3Frequency 50 HzImpedance voltage 12.56%Vector symbol Yd11Temperature rise Oil – 40 °C

Winding – 56 °C

The rating of 130 MVA Generator Transformer

Alternator or ac generator

In electricity generation, an electric generator or alternator is a device that converts mechanical energy into to electrical energy.

Maximum KVA rating : 294100 KVA Maximum KW rating :250000KWRPM (revolution/minute) : 3000 rpmRated stator voltage : 16.5 KV Rated stator current : 10291 AmpRated power factor : 0.85 LagExcitation current : 2395 Amp Excitation voltage : 292 VCoolant : Hydrogen

Specification of Turbo generator(2x250 MW unit)

switch yard

A switching substation, or switchyard, is a substation without transformers that operates only at a single voltage level. Switchyards, used mainly for connections and interconnections, are essential for transmission, distribution, collection, and controlling the flow of electricity.

The switchyard delivers power generated at the power plant to the electrical grid.

Switchyards are generally classified by voltage level, circuit breaker and bus arrangements. Switchyards are often located directly adjacent to or near a power station.

220 kv switch yard

Lightening arrestorThese are used to discharge lightening

over voltages and switching over voltages to earth.

Circuit breakerA circuit breaker is a mechanical device

used to open and close contact under loading and un-loading conditions.

Relay Relay is electro-mechanical device which

sense the excessive flow of current and send signal to the circuit breaker.

isolatorThese are used to disconnect transmission line

under no load condition for safety, isolation and maintenance.

current transformer

Current transformer:- It is an instrument transformer which is used to measure the current from high voltage line with the use of normal ampere meter.

Potential transformer Potential transformer:- It is an instrument

transformer which is used to measure the high voltage from an ordinary low voltage instrument.

Other main equipments

Insulators :- The porcelain insulators are used to support the bus-bar from pole to ground. Current rating of porcelain is above 2000Amp.

Bus-bar :-Bus-bar is a main bar or conductor carrying an electric current to which many connections are to be made.

Material used for bus bar is aluminium because it is high corrosion resistance than copper and lower cost. Bus-bar are of 5 to 6 meter in length.

Control room A control room is a room serving as a centre

where a large power equipment facilities or services can be monitored and controlled.

Safety equipments used in power plants