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Engineered Material Solutions

Thermal Spray Powders

Edition 2001

2

AMPERIT® Thermal Spray Powders

Table of Content

Subject Page

H.C. Starck - Material SpecialistsServing the Thermal Spray Industry 3

Preferred Grain Sizes in µm for today’sThermal Spray processes 4

Application Engineering AMPERIT® 5


Carbides 6 - 8

Oxides 9 - 11

Pure Metals, Alloys and Blends, Miscellaneous 12 - 14

Conversion Tables 15

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Benefit from Our Materials and Coating Expertise

Over the years H.C. Starck has accumulateda wide range knowledge in the fields of powderand materials for spraying. Our latest know-howis presented at international conferences around theworld. We can supply reprints of our presentationson request.

Powder selection,characterization and application:• Powders for Thermal Spraying

Ceramics forAtmospheric Plasma Spraying (APS):• Al203-TiO2 Coatings:

An Alternative to Cr2O3 ?• Oxides for Thermal Spraying:

Multicomponent Oxides -Opportunities and Resulting Coating Properties

Materials forHigh Velocity Oxygen Fuel Spraying• Carbide Materials for HVOF Applications• Cermets for HVOF Processes• Advanced Carbides and Borides for Wear-Resistant Coatings• Requirements of Carbide-Based Thermal Spray Powders

and Ways to Obtain Optimized Coatings• Effect of Powder Types on the Structure and Properties of Chromium

Carbide/Nickel Chromium Coatings

H.C. Starck - Materials SpecialistsServing the Thermal Spray Industry

In 1920 Hermann C. Starckfounded his company, which orig-inally traded in ferroalloys and oreconcentrates. In subsequent yearshe purchased several productionfacilities to diversify the company’sproduct range and strengthen itsmarket position. After Bayer AGacquired a majority holding inH.C. Starck in 1986, the companyexpanded into one of the world’sleading manufacturers of metal,carbide and ceramic powders.

H.C. Starck has been manu-facturing a full range of powdermaterials for thermal sprayingunder the trade name AMPERIT®

for more than 30 years: AMPERIT®

thermal spray powders are wellknown in the market for their con-sistent high quality certified byISO 9001 and for a works reportaccording to DIN EN 10204 sup-plied with every delivery. TodayH.C. Starck produces more than500 powder material variations forflame, plasma and HVOF spraying.

The AMPERIT® product line is con-stantly revised and supplementedthrough the new products anddevelopments from our own re-search efforts or resulting fromcooperation with our customers.Tests analyzing the coating andprocessing properties are per-formed in our modern in-housespray laboratory.

This brochure only covers the most important standard powders of our AMPERIT®

product line. Please do not hesitate to ask us about other powder types or grain sizes.

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AMPERIT® technical information, product data sheets and spray parameters are available on request.

fused sintered agglomerated sintered dense coated

Preferred Grain Sizes in µm for today’sThermal Spray Processes:

Process Metals and Alloys Carbides Oxides

Flame spraying 75/20 90/45 -53/20 45/10

Plasma spraying 90/45 90/45 90/16 45/10(APS) 45/10 45/10 45/20 125/45

25/10 25/10

HVOFJet Kote 45/22 45/15 45/22 45/15 -D J (Hybrid) 38/10 38/15 38/10 38/15 15/5 12/2JP 5000 53/20 45/22 53/20 45/15 -Top Gun 45/15 45/10 38/10 45/15 45/10 38/10 15/5 12/2

water atomizedporous coatedgas atomized

SEM-Photographs of AMPERIT® Powders

5

Applications Engineering AMPERIT®

Coating AnalysesMetallographic Examination

Macro- / Microhardness

Bond Strength

Surface Roughness

Coating Thickness

Corrosion

Wear

Others on request

Others on request

Powder analysesPowder Characterization

Deposition Rate

Flowability

Processing

Others on request

EquipmentPlasma- Technik F4

UTP Top Gun

DJ 2600 Hybrid

Metco 5P

UTP Uni Spray- Jet

Castolin Eutectic Rototec

Our Applications Engineering includesa modern thermal spray laboratoryand a specialized metallographiclaboratory (see Web site*). Theselabs are used to modify and improveour AMPERIT® products with regardto our customer needs and to developnew materials. The close cooperationwith our R+D group givesthe benefit of a completematerial know-how support.All equipment is alsoavailable for customer testsand on order basis.

Our customer serviceincludes:

Technical advice

Technical product information

Powder characterization

Coating analyses

Spray parameters

*www.hcstarck.com/index.cfm?PAGE_ID=198

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AMPERIT® Powder Type Grain Size in µmor Specification

ApplicationAlternative to ...(Chemistry only)

Carbides

515.0 WC-Co 88/12 22/5 ! see WC-Co aggl. sintered 71 NS/VF-NS/515.1 sintered 45/22 ! typically applied by air plasma VF-NS-1515.2 90/45 spraying 2003515.203 MTS 1055B ! C: 3.9 - 4.3 % AMDRY® 301/302515.400 AMS 7879 C ! max. operating temperature: AMDRY® 301/302515.401 PWA 1302 500 °C WC-104/106515.949 DMS 2049 C-2 Al-1001/1002/1101/1102

516.2 WC-Co 88/12 90/45 ! C: min. 5.1% JK 114/112516.280 sintered GE B50TF27 CI.A ! in finer grain size also used WC-114/489-1

for HVOF 200472F-NS1320 Q

518.054 WC-Co 88/12 45/10 ! hard and dense coatings with WC-616518.059 agglomerated 30/5 excellent bonding properties JK 7112/7113 P518.074 sintered 45/15 ! resistant to abrasion, erosion 1342 VM/1342 VF518.088 53/20 and sliding wear Sulzer Metco 5812

! max. operating temperature:500 °C

522.2 WC-Co 88/12 90/45 ! see AMPERIT® 516, typically522.3 dense coated 45/5 applied by air plasma spraying

coarse carbides

525.2 WC-Co 83/17 90/45 ! see AMPERIT® 526, typicallysintered applied by air plasma spraying

! in finer grain size also used forHVOF

526.054 WC-Co 83/17 45/10 ! dense, hard and with 17% Co 73 F-NS-1/F-NS-2/SF-NS526.062 agglomerated 53/10 also tough coatings 2005 NS/2006526.074 sintered 45/15 ! resistant against particle erosion, AMDRY® 9830/9831526.077 63/32 abrasion and fretting WC-619/558526.223 MTS 1058 B ! max. operating temperature: 1343 V/1343 VM/1343 VF526.350 MSRR 9507/1 500 °C JK 117/117-SP/526.382 MSRR 9507/69 7117/7118 P

533.3 WC-Co 80/20 45/5 ! lower hardness but increased 76 F-NSdense coated toughness AMDRY® 5670

! excellent finishing properties! max. operating temperature:

500 °C

Additional grain sizes on request

7


ApplicationAlternative to ...(Chemistry only)

Carbides

544.059544.3WC-Ni 83/17 30/545/5 ! good bond strength and WC-624544.6 dense coated 125/45 improved corrosion

protection in comparisonto Co matrix

551.074 WC-CrC-Ni 45/15 ! see AMPERIT® 552 see AMPERIT® 552551.088 73/20/7 53/20 WC-645

agglomerated 1356 VMsintered

552.072 WC-CrC-Ni 38/10 ! wear, corrosion and oxidation WC-496552.074 73/20/7 45/15 resistant JK 125/7175/7176

sintered

553.065 WC-Co-Cr 30/10 ! wear and corrosion resistant553.074 86/10/4 45/15 in watery solutions

sintered ! hard, dense coatings with highbond strength

! C: 3.5 - 4.5%

554.065 WC-Co-Cr 30/10 ! see AMPERIT® 553, but WC-436-1/113554.074 86/10/4 45/15 higher hardness AMDRY® 5843

sintered ! C: 5 - 6% JK 120/7109

557.074 WC-Co-Cr 45/15 ! wear protection in corrosive -/-557.087 86/6/8 38/15 environment especially in

sintered paper mills

558.074 WC-Co-Cr 45/15 ! see AMPERIT® 554 see AMPERIT® 554558.088 86/10/4 53/20 WC-636

agglomerated Sulzer Metco 5847sintered 1350 VM/1350 VF

559.074 WC-Co-Cr 45/15 ! see AMPERIT® 557 -/-86/6/8agglomeratedsintered

560.062 WC-Co(83/17) 53/10 ! protection against abrasive -/-560.077 -NiSF 50/50 63/32 wear

blended


8



Application Alternative to ...(Chemistry only)

Carbides

580.2 Cr3C2 90/45 ! usually blended with metallic 70C-NS/F-NS580.054 sintered 45/10 matrix material for wear CRC-107/105580.402 PWA 1304 resistant coatings580.404 PWA 1306 ! service temperature up to

900 °C max.

583.2 Cr3C2-Ni 90/45 ! hard and wear resistant with 3007583.054 83/17 45/10 higher CrC-content than

dense coated AMPERIT® 584

584.1 Cr3C2-NiCr 45/22 ! wear and oxidation resistant AMDRY® 5260584.054 75/25 45/10 up to 900 °C 1375 VF/1376 T/1375 VM584.072 agglomerated 38/10 ! sliding properties JK 135/7184/7185

sintered

585.1 Cr3C2-NiCr 45/22 ! application properties 81 NS/VF-NS585.3 75/25 45/5 comparable to 3004585.351 blended MSRR 9507/2 AMPERIT® 584 CRC-106/108585.357 MSRR 9507/17585.435 AMS 7875

586.1 Cr3C2-NiCr 45/22 ! hard and wear/oxidation586.054 80/20 45/10 resistant

agglomeratedsintered

591.294 Cr3C2-Ni / GE B50TF28 ! blend of nickel cladded CrC 430 NSCoNiCr / CI.A and matrix alloys as erosionNiAl blended resistant coating

593.775 Cr3C2-NiCr GE B50TF281 ! erosion resistant for90/10 CI.A turbine applicationssintered

599.063 Mo2C 75/45 ! hard ingredient in powder 64599.074 agglomerated 45/15 blends for sliding wear

sintered protection


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Oxides

704.0 Cr2O3 99.5% 22/5 ! corrosion and wear resistant AMDRY® 6417/6420704.1 fused 45/22 ceramic CRO-131/167/704.053 25/10 ! insoluble in acid and alkali 167-1/172/174/179704.054 45/10 solutions #3030/#3031/704.092 75/25 ! typical application: anilox #3032/#3033704.216 MTS 1231A rolls for printing machines

706.072 Cr2O3 38/10 ! high purity Cr2O3 see AMPERIT® 704agglomerated ! spherical powder particle shapesintered

710.0 Cr2O3 -TiO2 22/5 ! hard, dense and wear resistant710.1 60/40 blended 45/22 for extremely smooth surfaces710.7 90/16

712.062 Cr2O3 -TiO2 53/10712.066 75/25 fused 53/15 ! see AMPERIT® 704

716.0 Cr2O3 -TiO2- 22/5 136 CP/F716.1 SiO2 92/3/5 45/22 CRO-192716.3 blended 45/5 #340/#341716.054 45/10 ! resistant to wear and corrosion716.066 53/15716.076 12/2 ! mechanical shock resistant

740.0 Al2O3 22/5 ! resistant to corrosion, abrasion 105 NS/SF/SFP740.1 fused 45/22 erosion and sliding wear ALO-101/114740.2 90/45 ! excellent dielectric properties Al-1010 HP/FHP/740.3 45/5 ! max. service temperature: 1110 HP740.066 53/15 1000 °C #150/#153740.207 MTS 1062 B #182/#183/#184740.355 MSRR 9507/9 AMDRY® 356740.406 PWA 1310740.416 PWA 1356-1

742.0 Al2O3 -TiO2 22/5 ! grey alumina for use as 101 NS/BNS/SF742.1 97/3 fused 45/22 corrosion, abrasion, erosion AMDRY® 187742.2 90/45 and sliding wear resistant Al-1011F742.298 GE A50TF87 coating ALO-105/159

CI.B ! high temperature resistant #110/#112/#114/#115742.407 PWA 1311 ! typical applications in textile #116/#117/#119

machines


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Oxides

744.0 Al2O3 -TiO2 22/5 ! compared with AMPERIT® 742 130/130SF

744.1 87/13 45/22 less hard and corrosion ALO-187/188744.2 blended 90/45 resistant #103/#106/#107744.3 45/5

745.0 Al2O3 -TiO2 22/5 ! wear resistant for household #108/#109745.1 60/40 45/22 applications ALO-121745.3 blended 45/5 ! good grindability Al-1070

! polished coatings withreduced wettability

746.4 Al2O3 -TiO2 63/16 ! spherical powder, alternative see AMPERIT® 745746.074 60/40 45/15 to AMPERIT® 745 with finer 131 VF

agglomerated microstructure

748.1 Al2O3 -TiO2 45/22 ! wear resistant for household see AMPERIT® 744

748.054 87/13 45/10 applicationsagglomerated

750.054 Al2O3 -ZrO2 45/10 ! high toughness60/40 fused ! good abrasion and erosion

resistance

755.1 Al2TiO5 45/22 ! thermal shock improved -/-755.054 agglomerated 45/10 ceramic

sintered

782.1 TiO2 45/22 ! moderate corrosion and wear 102782.2 fused 90/45 resistant compared with Al2O3 AMDRY® 6505782.3 45/5 or Al2O3 -TiO2 #1000/#1001782.8 20/5 ! decorative black coatings782.054 45/10 ! slightly conductive


11




Oxides

825.0 ZrO2 -Y2O3 22/5 ! blocky particle shape see AMPERIT® 827825.1 93/7 45/22 ! properties see AMPERIT® 827825.218 fused MTS 1198 B -/-825.242 MTS 1342 B825.381 MSRR 9507/72

827.6 ZrO2 -Y2O3 125/45 ! thermal barrier for turbine and 204 NS/204 B-NS827.7 93/7 90/16 engine as well as for high 204 C-NS/204 NS-G827.054 agglomerated 45/10 temperature applications ZRO-113/114/154/182/827.238 sintered MTS 1352 B ! thermal shock resistant 196/196-5/210827.289 GE A50TF278 ! hot corrosion resistant Al-1075

CI.A ! low heat conductivity #203/#204/#204 F/#204 PR827.290 GE A50TF278 ! max. service temperature: Sulzer Metco 6600

CI.B 1300 °C 1484 J827.423 PWA 1375827.772 GE A50A557*827.773 GE A50A558*827.774 GE A50TF278

Cl.C827.853 PM 819-20827.864 PM 819-57

832.6 ZrO2 -Y2O3 125/45 ! dense, spherical, see AMPERIT® 827832.7 93/7 90/16 see AMPERIT® 827

agglomeratedsintered

849.054 Y2O3 sintered 45/10 ! heat resistant in aggressiveatmospheres

*for G.E. PowerGeneration, only

12




Pure Metals, Alloys and Blends, Miscellaneous

105.2 Molybdenum 90/45 ! preferrred bond coat for steel AMDRY® 313X105.054 agglomerated 45/10 substrates MO-102/103

sintered ! excellent sliding and emer-gency running properties

109.2 Molybdenum 90/45 ! high coating hardnessagglomerated ! in oxidizing atmosphere max.sintered service temperature 300 °C

! AMPERIT® 105: C max. 0,2 %! AMPERIT® 109: C max. 1 %

106.2 Molybdenum 90/45 ! sintered and crushed alternative 63 NS106.062 sintered 53/10 to AMPERIT® 105/109106.158 PWA 1313106.222 MTS 1054 B

119.075 Mo/NiSF 90/15 ! piston ring coating material with AMDRY® 137175/25 excellent sliding properties and Al-1054blended wear resistant

140.1 Tungsten(4) 45/22 ! high temperature melting Al-1061/1061F140.067 sintered 15/5 material

! resistant to molten zinc andcopper

! adhesion to graphite, aluminaand quartz

146.3 Chromium 45/5 ! corrosion resistant -/-

150.2 Tantalum(4) 90/45 ! corrosion protection in chemical -/-150.074 fused 45/15 apparatus

155.086 Titanium(4) <63 ! material for biomedical -/-155.093 125/90 applications

! good corrosion resistance

160.3 Niob fused 45/5

175.2 Nickel(8) 90/45 ! corrosion protection 56 C-NS/F-NSatomized ! ingredient as matrix material NI-101/118

in blends 1166 F! repair and bond coat for

Ni-based alloys


( ) Numbers in paranthesis: Classification exclusively according to German law.( ) Einstufung gem. Chemikaliengesetz §§ 3a Abs. 1, 15a. Einzelheiten entnehmen Sie bitte unserem EU Sicherheitsdatenblatt. (4) = leicht entzündlich, (8) = gesundheitsschädlich

13




205.5 106/32 ! abradable-clearance control 307 NS/NS-2/NS-3205.415 Nickel Graphite PWA 1352/1 on turbine components NI-114/120

75/25 ! usually flame sprayeddense coated ! operating temp. up to 480 °C

250.1 NiCr 80/20 45/22 ! repair, bond coat and corrosion 43 C-NS/F-NS/250.2 water atomized 90/45 protection material 43 VF-NS250.3 45/5 ! good machinability NI-105/106/107250.071 25/5 ! bond coat for ceramics 1262 F250.354 MSRR 9507/8 ! resists oxidation and corrosion250.410 PWA 1317 up to 980 °C

251.1 NiCr 80/20 45/22 ! spherical alternative to see AMPERIT® 250251.2 gas atomized 90/45 AMPERIT® 250

! oxidation and corrosionresistant

273.2 NiMoAl 90/5/5 90/45 ! moderate hard coatings 447 NSporous coated ! repair material with extreme AMDRY® 387

toughness NI-453! excellent bonding

280.2 NiAl 95/5 90/45 ! high temperature and NI-185280.3 water 45/5 corrosion resistant280.241 atomized MTS 1309 B bond coat up to 800 °C

! excellent machinability

281.0 NiAl 95/5 22/5 ! see AMPERIT® 280 480 NS281.2 gas atomized 90/45 4008 NS281.3 45/5 NI-357/357-1281.420 PWA 1380281.863 PM 819-56

282.2 NiAl 95/5 90/45 ! see AMPERIT® 280 450 NS282.296 porous coated GE B50TF56 ! exothermic reaction AMDRY® 956

Cl.A during spray process NI-109282.353 MSRR 9507/5 Al-1037282.369 MSRR 9507/43282.438 PWA 1337282.856 PM 819-37


14





290.3 NiAl 69/31 45/5 ! used as bond coat for -/-water various applicationsatomized ! corrosion resistant

! high bond strength

299.6 NiCr-Al 95/5 125/45 ! oxidation and corrosion 443 NS299.297 porous GE B50TF119 resistant material for AMDRY® 960

coated Cl.A turbine applications NI-122299.859 PM 819-47

335.063 NiCrBSi 75/45 ! self-fluxing alloys for flame 15 E/F335.066 gas atomized 53/15 spraying and subsequent 2001

or simultaneous fusing 1660-02/1160-02! ingredient in powder blends NI-167/167-1

with Mo as piston ring coating 1275 H

410.1 NiCoCrAlY 45/22 ! protection in hot gas corrosive NI-130/171410.424 gas atomized PWA 1365-1 and oxidizing environments at AMDRY® 365-1/-2410.429 PWA 1365-2 high temperatures of approx.410.860 PM 819-51 850 °C

413.1 NiCrAlY 45/22 ! see AMPERIT® 410 AMDRY® 962413.6 gas atomized 125/45 NI-164/164-2/211/343413.284 GE B50TF192 Cl.B

415.1 CoNiCrAlY 45/22 ! Co-based MCrAlY AMDRY® 9954/9951/995 C415.6 gas atomized 125/45 ! see AMPERIT® 410 CO-210-1/210-24/211/415.220 MTS 1262 B ! fine cuts VPS and HVOF 211-3/127/159415.221 MTS 1273 B sprayable415.288 GE B50TF195

Cl.A

421.087 NiCoCrAlTaReY 38/15 ! Ta and Re containing -/-421.761 gas atomized GE B50TF242 MCrAlY to improve hot

Cl.C gas corrosion resistance

416.107 Other MCrAlY SV-30 ! proprietary MCrAlY for NI-548416.110 gas atomized SL-30 stationary gas turbine418.109 SV-20 applications NI-535418.111 SL-20 ! availability only to OEM Sulzer Metco 4409422.801 Sicoat 2231 approved users CO-301, Sulzer Metco 4201428.806 Sicoat 2453 NI-666, Sulzer Metco 4485


15

Particle Size Bond Strength

1 MPa = 1 N/mm² = 0.145 x 10³ psi1 psi = 6.895 x 10³ MPa

µm mesh (ASTM) MPA psi

38 400 10 145045 325 25 362553 270 30 435063 230 35 507575 200 40 580090 170 50 7250

106 140 60 8700125 120 70 10150150 100

Temperature Coating Thickness

°C = (°F - 32) x 0.55; °F = 1.8 x °C + 32 1 µm = 4 x 105 inch = 0.04 mil1 mil = 1/1000 inch = 25.4 µm

°C °F µm mil

350 660 10 0,4480 900 20 0,8500 930 50 2540 1000 100 4650 1200 200 8750 1380 300 12800 1470850 1560900 1650

1000 18301100 20101200 21901300 23701600 2910

AMPERIT® belongs to the AMPERE® product line, whose trademarks are protected forH.C. Starck GmbH, GoslarAMDRY® is a registered trademark of Sulzer Metco AG, Switzerland

Conversion Tables

L 02/02

A Bayer Company

Die vorstehenden technischen Angaben und Beschreibungen entsprechen unserem gegenwärtigen Kenntnisstand. Hierin enthaltene Angaben gelten im Fall von Vertragsabschlüssen nicht alszugesicherte Eigenschaften. Bei Bestellungen mit Bezug auf dieses Produktdatenblatt ist die Revisionsnummer anzugeben. Lieferungen erfolgen nach dem jeweiligen aktuellen Produktdatenblattund der aktuellen Fassung unserer Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen.

The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance and information (whether verbal, written or by way of production evaluations), including any suggested formulationsand recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance and information to determine to your own satisfaction whether they aresuitable for your intended uses and applications. This application-specific analysis at least must include testing to determine suitability from a technical as well as health, safety, and environmentalstandpoint. Such testing has not necessarily been done by H.C. Starck. All information is given without warranty or guarantee. It is expressly understood and agreed that the customer assumesand hereby expressly releases H.C. Starck from all liability, in tort, contract or otherwise, incurred in connection with the use of our products, technical assistance and information. Any statementor recommendation not contained herein is unauthorized and shall not bind H.C. Starck. Nothing herein shall be construed as a recommendation to use any product in conflict with patents coveringany material or its use. No license is implied or in fact granted under the claims of any patent. In case of order please refer to issue number of this product data sheet. All deliveries are basedon the latest issue of the product data sheet and the latest version of our General Conditions of Sale and Delivery.

H.C. Starck, Liaison Office BeneluxPostbus 80, NL-3640 AB MijdrechtPhone +31/2 97/28 04 25,Telefax +31/2 97/28 06 41E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck, Liaison Office ScandinaviaP.O. Box 52 37, S-40224 GöteborgPhone +46/31/83 98 61,Telefax +46/31/83 25 75E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck, Liaison Office South East Asia,No. 9 Benoi Sector, Singapore 629844Phone +65/66 22-4 28,Telefax +65/2 61-96 09E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck, Liaison Office ItalyBayer S.p.A.Viale Certosa, 130, 20156 Milan/ItalyPhone +39/023978/2219Telefax +39/023978/4958E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck Inc.45 Industrial Place,Newton, MA. 02461-1951/USAPhone +1 /617/ 630-5910,Telefax +1 /617/ 630-5908E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck GmbHP.O. Box 25 40, D-38615 GoslarPhone +49/53 21/7 51-39 63,Telefax +49/53 21/7 51-49 63E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck GmbHP.O. Box 13 46, D-79721 Laufenburg/BadenPhone +49/77 63/82-5 97,Telefax +49/77 63/82-3 33E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck GmbH,UK Liaison OfficeAizlewood’s Mill,Nursery Street Sheffield S3 8GG, UK.Phone +44 /114/ 2823156,Telefax +44 /114/ 2823244E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck, Bureau de Liaison France,49-51, Quai de Dion BoutonF-92815 Puteaux Cedex,Phone +33/1/49 06 58 15,Telefax +33/1/49 06 58 16E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck CanadaBayer Inc., P.O. Box 30 01,1265 Vidal Street South, Sarnia,Ontario/Canada N7T 7M2,Phone +1 /519/ 339-7845,Telefax +1 /519/ 339-7851

H.C. Starck - V TECH Ltd.Ohmori NM Bldg.,1-1, Ohmori Kita 2-chomeOhta-ku, Tokyo 143-0016/Japan,Phone +81/3/57 62-20 40,Telefax +81/3/57 62-20 22E-mail: [email protected]

H.C. Starck (Thailand) Co., Ltd.5, I-3A Road, Map Ta Phut Industrial Estate,Rayong 21150/Thailand,Phone 66/38/ 683-077,Telefax 66/38/ 683-043

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