LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

How does a thermical power station works?

Comenius LESET (2008 – 2009)

Adrià Barrufet Caelles Paula Felis Bosch

Mihaela Cristina BurciuLaia Guitarte Feliu

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

THE PARTS OF THE POWER STATION

Get coal

The boiler

Turbine and alternator

Transformator

Condensator, the refrigerator

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

Get Coal

The coal is a sedimentary rock that is used like fossil fuel. Its of black color.

It is the largest source of energy for the generation of electricity worldwide, as well as one of the largest worldwide source of carbon dioxide emissions. Gross carbon dioxide emissions from coal usage are slightly more than those from petroleum and about double the amount from natural gas.

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

COAL

Coal was formed from plant remains that were protected by water and mud against oxidization and biodegradation, thus trapping atmospheric carbon in the ground. Over time, the chemical and physical properties of the remains were changed by geological action to create a solid material.

This mineral is anthracite, is the best coal for produce thermical energy

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

The boiler

This construction was a tower with the wall of the chamber combustion tube rolls up into a spiral, reaching the area that are overheated and the re in which tubes are vertical.

The feed water enters the boiler through the economizer, located in the area's highest draft of the boiler. Slow from there to the bottom home and began a journey upward through the pips in rolls spiral form the walls of the site.

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The boiler

The steam leaves the overheated final pressure and temperature of service to the turbine, in where expensive and back again to the boiler to raise again temperature in the primary and secondary re located in the area of convection and radiation respectively.

The steam recirculation for temperature, this is extracted reheated before entering the induced draft fan and two fans are powered by radio to the combustion chamber.

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Turbine

The turbine has a capacity of 563 MWh of production consists of four cylinders in tandem, a high-pressure single flow, an average pressure and two double flow low pressure double flow to evacuate a condenser. The entrance to the steam turbine has high characteristics of 174 bar pressure at a temperature of 538 º C. The steam leaves the turbine with a high features 350 º C. Be reheated in the boiler again 538 º C before entering turbine half.

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Turbine

To facilitate a cold start and warm and shooting conditions with stops short, there is a system By-pass high and low pressure turbine.

Regulation and control of the whole system is kind of electro and Oil supplies from the same system that is used to lubricate turbine and alternator bearings.

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Alternator

The alternator runs with hydrogen gas and water for refrigerators. In the terminal winding of the stator are mounted transformers intensity required for protective relays and measures. At the other end of winding is the closure of the star forming the neutral point, connected to land by means of resistance. For the terminal generator connecting rods isolated phase in which energy generated flows to the main transformer.

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

Transformator

The generator produce alternating currents. The generator was coupled to the turbine. It is the machine that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. Turns to 3000 rpm, and is connected in star, providing a voltage of 21 kV. The cooling of the alternate works in a closed system of circulation of hydrogen, at a pressure of 4 atm. and with a flow rate of 30 m3 / s.

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Transformator

The central has a main transformer, a transformer and an auxiliary boot processor, with an installed generation switch that can separate the generator and its excitation system and regulation of tension of the rest of the Central and the Web.

In normal operation, the energy required for ancillary services is taken directly from a tubes by three-phase transformer with double secondary winding.

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques

Condensator or refrigeration (system of condensator)

The exhaust steam from the turbine, once condensed, is sucked through Four bombs, and through low pressure heaters, is sent to degasser where a temperature of 137 º C and a pressure of 10 bars. The degasser is considered the boundary between the condensate and water supply. Water is sucked by the pumps of food that promotes, through high pressure heaters, the boiler economizer inlet.

Turbines operating with a single cylinder exhaust to the condenser main turbine, driven by steam pressure to 9 bars and 327 º C from of the 5th extraction turbine. They also have a power emergency boot from steam.

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Condensator (water circulation system)

This system is used to condense exhaust steam from the turbine and is in a closed circuit consisting of a cooling tower and natural draft two pumps that drive the water contained in the edge of the tower cooling through the pipes of the condenser and returns to the tower to fall in the form of fine droplets of rain to churn above. The water circulates through this system extracts heat from the exhaust steam from the turbine and condenses. The heat transferred to the water flow is sent to the atmosphere in the cooling tower natural draft.

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Refrigeration tower

The cooling tower is constructed with a strip of concrete hyperbolic armed height of 108 m and 48 m in diameter at the top, 71.80 m at the bottom and 45.50 m at the edge closer with a thickness of layer between 0.70 and 0.15 m.

LESET – Let’s save energy together. © IES Josep Vallverdú. Les Borges Blanques