Abstract

The study aims to determine the Effect of Conformity in the decision

making of the College of Business and Accountancy students of the

University of Negros Occidental - Recoletos An experimental research design

is used in the study utilizing thirty students divided into three groups as

respondents Each group consists of ten members The two experimental

groups have three confederates the first experimental group has lower

classmen confederates while the other group has upper classmen The mean

of group scores was used to determine to treat the data Result shows that

there is a significant difference in the level of conformity between the

experimental groups and the controlled group

25

Introduction

We all know that there are many existing studies about conformity But

what is conformity Is it about merely following others likes and dislikes Or

just going along with group pressures

Conformity is the act of matching attitudes beliefs and behaviors to

what individuals perceive as normal to their society or social group This

influence occurs in small groups or society as a whole and may result from

subtle unconscious influences or direct and overt socialization

An individual may behave in a manner consistent with the group or

may change an attitude because of group pressure or may have a basic

personality trait of conformity (etal Lambert)

People conform in different levels sometimes they might go extremes

In people lives we really value how others view us But because of this we

tend to make decisions not for ourselves but for the benefit of the approval

of others People want to be liked and to be accepted by others the desire

for us to be accurate and right in the things we encounter in our daily lives

especially when we are in a group resulted for us to conform

Decisions reached by groups are not necessarily better than those

made by individual sometimes it is a way people insure that it could be

recognize or given into consideration People make decision independently

when they are alone and when they are in a group they take decisions of the

25

members of the group with high status or are confident with their judgment

for them to come up with a decision that go along with others

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of conformity in the decision

making of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students for the school year 2014-

2015

Specifically it answers the following questions

1 What is the levelof conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students

when pressured and not pressured

2 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 Is there a significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

25

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were formulated to answer the foregoing

problems

1 There is no significant difference in the levelof conformity of

UNO-R CBA Freshmen students when pressured and not

pressured

2 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 There is no significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

Theoretical Framework and Related Studies

Solomon Asch (1951) conducted an experiment to investigate the

extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person

to conform Asch studied a group of six subjects (now called participants due

25

to political correctness) He projected a straight line onto a screen then a

group of three lines of differing lengths A B and C where B was exactly the

same size as the original line but A and C were very obviously different

lengths He then asked which line was nearer to the first in length Only one

of the group of six was a real subject the other five being associates of Asch

The real subject was second to last to be asked and the four preceding gave

false answers (eg A) The subject would generally follow the answer the

other subjects had given even if plainly incorrect This did not happen

every time but 74 went along with what the group said at least once

producing a level of 32 conformity When debriefing the actual subjects

they said they knew the answer they were giving was wrong but they still

followed the group

Jenness (1932) was the first person to study conformity his

experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans He asked people

individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained then put the

group in a room with the bottle and asked them to provide a group

estimate He then interviewed the subjects individually again and asked if

they would like to change their original estimates or stay with the groups

estimate Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the

group estimate

Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and

personal worth based on how we stack up against others As a result we are

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Introduction

We all know that there are many existing studies about conformity But

what is conformity Is it about merely following others likes and dislikes Or

just going along with group pressures

Conformity is the act of matching attitudes beliefs and behaviors to

what individuals perceive as normal to their society or social group This

influence occurs in small groups or society as a whole and may result from

subtle unconscious influences or direct and overt socialization

An individual may behave in a manner consistent with the group or

may change an attitude because of group pressure or may have a basic

personality trait of conformity (etal Lambert)

People conform in different levels sometimes they might go extremes

In people lives we really value how others view us But because of this we

tend to make decisions not for ourselves but for the benefit of the approval

of others People want to be liked and to be accepted by others the desire

for us to be accurate and right in the things we encounter in our daily lives

especially when we are in a group resulted for us to conform

Decisions reached by groups are not necessarily better than those

made by individual sometimes it is a way people insure that it could be

recognize or given into consideration People make decision independently

when they are alone and when they are in a group they take decisions of the

25

members of the group with high status or are confident with their judgment

for them to come up with a decision that go along with others

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of conformity in the decision

making of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students for the school year 2014-

2015

Specifically it answers the following questions

1 What is the levelof conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students

when pressured and not pressured

2 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 Is there a significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

25

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were formulated to answer the foregoing

problems

1 There is no significant difference in the levelof conformity of

UNO-R CBA Freshmen students when pressured and not

pressured

2 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 There is no significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

Theoretical Framework and Related Studies

Solomon Asch (1951) conducted an experiment to investigate the

extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person

to conform Asch studied a group of six subjects (now called participants due

25

to political correctness) He projected a straight line onto a screen then a

group of three lines of differing lengths A B and C where B was exactly the

same size as the original line but A and C were very obviously different

lengths He then asked which line was nearer to the first in length Only one

of the group of six was a real subject the other five being associates of Asch

The real subject was second to last to be asked and the four preceding gave

false answers (eg A) The subject would generally follow the answer the

other subjects had given even if plainly incorrect This did not happen

every time but 74 went along with what the group said at least once

producing a level of 32 conformity When debriefing the actual subjects

they said they knew the answer they were giving was wrong but they still

followed the group

Jenness (1932) was the first person to study conformity his

experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans He asked people

individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained then put the

group in a room with the bottle and asked them to provide a group

estimate He then interviewed the subjects individually again and asked if

they would like to change their original estimates or stay with the groups

estimate Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the

group estimate

Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and

personal worth based on how we stack up against others As a result we are

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

members of the group with high status or are confident with their judgment

for them to come up with a decision that go along with others

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the effect of conformity in the decision

making of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students for the school year 2014-

2015

Specifically it answers the following questions

1 What is the levelof conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen students

when pressured and not pressured

2 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 Is there a significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 Is there a significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

25

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were formulated to answer the foregoing

problems

1 There is no significant difference in the levelof conformity of

UNO-R CBA Freshmen students when pressured and not

pressured

2 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 There is no significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

Theoretical Framework and Related Studies

Solomon Asch (1951) conducted an experiment to investigate the

extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person

to conform Asch studied a group of six subjects (now called participants due

25

to political correctness) He projected a straight line onto a screen then a

group of three lines of differing lengths A B and C where B was exactly the

same size as the original line but A and C were very obviously different

lengths He then asked which line was nearer to the first in length Only one

of the group of six was a real subject the other five being associates of Asch

The real subject was second to last to be asked and the four preceding gave

false answers (eg A) The subject would generally follow the answer the

other subjects had given even if plainly incorrect This did not happen

every time but 74 went along with what the group said at least once

producing a level of 32 conformity When debriefing the actual subjects

they said they knew the answer they were giving was wrong but they still

followed the group

Jenness (1932) was the first person to study conformity his

experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans He asked people

individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained then put the

group in a room with the bottle and asked them to provide a group

estimate He then interviewed the subjects individually again and asked if

they would like to change their original estimates or stay with the groups

estimate Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the

group estimate

Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and

personal worth based on how we stack up against others As a result we are

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Hypothesis

The following hypotheses were formulated to answer the foregoing

problems

1 There is no significant difference in the levelof conformity of

UNO-R CBA Freshmen students when pressured and not

pressured

2 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with lower classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

3 There is no significant difference in the level of conformity of CBA

Freshmen students who were with upper classmen confederates

before and after being pressured

4 There is no significant difference in the level conformity of CBA

freshmen students among controlled and two experimental

groups

Theoretical Framework and Related Studies

Solomon Asch (1951) conducted an experiment to investigate the

extent to which social pressure from a majority group could affect a person

to conform Asch studied a group of six subjects (now called participants due

25

to political correctness) He projected a straight line onto a screen then a

group of three lines of differing lengths A B and C where B was exactly the

same size as the original line but A and C were very obviously different

lengths He then asked which line was nearer to the first in length Only one

of the group of six was a real subject the other five being associates of Asch

The real subject was second to last to be asked and the four preceding gave

false answers (eg A) The subject would generally follow the answer the

other subjects had given even if plainly incorrect This did not happen

every time but 74 went along with what the group said at least once

producing a level of 32 conformity When debriefing the actual subjects

they said they knew the answer they were giving was wrong but they still

followed the group

Jenness (1932) was the first person to study conformity his

experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans He asked people

individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained then put the

group in a room with the bottle and asked them to provide a group

estimate He then interviewed the subjects individually again and asked if

they would like to change their original estimates or stay with the groups

estimate Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the

group estimate

Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and

personal worth based on how we stack up against others As a result we are

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

to political correctness) He projected a straight line onto a screen then a

group of three lines of differing lengths A B and C where B was exactly the

same size as the original line but A and C were very obviously different

lengths He then asked which line was nearer to the first in length Only one

of the group of six was a real subject the other five being associates of Asch

The real subject was second to last to be asked and the four preceding gave

false answers (eg A) The subject would generally follow the answer the

other subjects had given even if plainly incorrect This did not happen

every time but 74 went along with what the group said at least once

producing a level of 32 conformity When debriefing the actual subjects

they said they knew the answer they were giving was wrong but they still

followed the group

Jenness (1932) was the first person to study conformity his

experiment involved a glass bottle filled with beans He asked people

individually to estimate how many beans the bottle contained then put the

group in a room with the bottle and asked them to provide a group

estimate He then interviewed the subjects individually again and asked if

they would like to change their original estimates or stay with the groups

estimate Almost all changed their individual guesses to be closer to the

group estimate

Social comparison theory states that we determine our own social and

personal worth based on how we stack up against others As a result we are

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

constantly making self and other evaluations across a variety of domains (for

example attractiveness wealth intelligence and success) Most of us have

the social skills and impulse control to keep our envy and social comparisons

quiet but our true feelings may come out in subtle ways ( LeonFestinger in

1954)

Conformity is often associated with adolescence and youth culture but

it affects humans of all ages Although peer pressure may be viewed as a

negative trait conformity can have either good or bad effects depending on

the situation (Miller 2010)

Conformity can also be simply defined as ldquoyielding to group pressuresrdquo

Group pressure may take different forms for example bullying persuasion

teasing criticism etc Conformity is also known as majority influence (or

group pressure)It is often used to indicate an agreement to the majority

position brought about either by a desire to lsquofit inrsquo or be liked (normative) or

because of a desire to be correct (informational) or simply to conform to a

social role (identification)( Saul McLeod2012)

Conformity is generally regarded as a passive form of influence in that

members of the group do not actively attempt to influence others People

merely observe the actions of group members and adjust their behaviors

andor views accordingly The focus of conformity can be either external

(overt behaviors) or internal (beliefs and feelings) in nature Obedience is a

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

change in behavior as a result of a direct command from an authority figure

(Leandre R FabrigarMeghan E Norris)

Conformity defined here by the fact that an individual displays a

particular behavior because it is the most frequent the individual witnessed

in others has long been recognized by social psychologists asone of the main

categories of social influence Surprisingly it is only recently that conformity

hasbecome an active topic in animal and comparative biology As in any new

and rapidly growing fieldhowever definitions hypotheses and protocols are

diverse not easy to organize in a coherent way andsometimes seriously in

conflict with one another In particular wepropose that the notions of

informational and normative conformity until now have been

littlerecognized in recent literature can resolve some important

controversies In turn research on animalculture should be of great interest

to social scientists because understanding human culture and

humanuniqueness requires an evolutionary analysis of our cognitive

capacities and their evolutionary origins

Conformity refers to the tendency of people to alter their behavior as a

result of group pressure This tendency takes place at all different ages and

at all different types of social gatherings It is a natural human tendency to

want to be like everyone else and the result of being like everyone else is

that people will accept you Being accepted by other people is a huge desire

by most people in the world (Rieck)

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Conformity involves developing attitudes opinions and behaviors to

match the attitudes of a specific group Most people conform to the standard

valuesalso called norms of many groups without stress and often without

even knowing that they are doing so By itself conformity is neither good nor

badSome degree of conformity is necessary for societies to function For

example when you stop at a red light you are conforming to the law and to

the general agreement that for the good and safety of society a red light

means stop You stop even though most of the time there is not a police

officer on thescene to enforce the lawConformity is tied closely to the issue

of peer pressure Although people feel peer pressure their entire lives young

people who are seeking to define themselves are generally most influenced

by the values and attitudes of their peers Adolescents often encourage

friends to do or try things that they themselves are doing in order to fit into

to a group The encouragement can be positive (studying hard to get good

grades) or negative (drinking beer after the football game)Deciding how

much and which groups values to conform to are one of the majorstresses of

adolescence Trying to conform to the behaviors of a group thatgo against

ones own beliefs in order to be accepted creates a great deal ofinternal

conflict and sometimes external conflict with family members and friends

from an earlier time Defining oneself as an individual and developing

aconstant value system forces young people to confront issues of conformity

and non-conformity This is a major challenge of adolescence

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Decision making is a thought process of selecting a logical choice from

the available options When trying to make a good decision a person must

weigh the positives and negatives of each option and consider all the

alternatives For effective decision making a person must be able to forecast

the outcome of each option as well and based on all these items determine

which option is the best for that particular situation( Andrew OConnell

2012)

Significance of the Study

The present study may be beneficial to the following

Students Results of this study may provide information to make

students be aware of the effects of pressure groups on their own decision

making skills Thus improving their decision making skills in addition to

helping them recognize its importance in their daily life

Teacher and CounselorThis study may provide information to teachers

and counsellors on how pressure groups may influence studentrsquos conformity

thus affecting their personal relations and academic pursuits

Future researchers Relevant results of this study may encourage

future researchers to conduct a similar study on the effects of conformity on

the decision making They may replicate the study to provide more

information about conformity and other conditions affecting it

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

To Future Studies and Research This study provides specific details about

theories concepts and literatures which are essential in the accomplishment

of studies related to conformity and other conditions affecting it The

researchers attest the factuality of all information included herein which

makes this study a very reliable source of information

Scope of the Study

The study focused on the effect of the conformity in the

decision making of the thirty (30) freshmen CBA students of the University of

Negros Occidental- Recoletos during the academic year 2014-2015

Schematic diagram

25

Pressure Groups

Not pressure Groups

Lower classmen

Upper

classmen

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Definition of Terms

For purposes of clarity and understanding the following terms

are conceptually or operationally defined for the readers

Conformitybehavior that is the same as the behavior of most other

people in a society group etc (Merriam-Webster)

As used in this study it is the act of following the answer or the choice

of others without knowing if it correct or incorrect

Pressure Groupan interest group organized to influence public a

group of people who share an interest concern or set of opinions (Merriam-

Webster)

As used in this study it refers to the group introduced to the

experimental group that would influence the group or participants in the

study

Decision Making As used in this study it is the act of selecting a

particular answer for a particular question given

25

Decision Making

Conformity

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Chapter 2

Method

This chapter includes the research design participants instruments

procedures which contain data gathering and data analysis and statistical

treatment that were used in the study

Research Design

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

The researchers considered to use a experimental research design The

study is ldquocontrolledrdquo in the sense that the researchers control (1) how

subjects are assigned to groups (2) which treatment each group receives

In the analysis phase the researchers compares before and after group

scores Based on the analysis the researchers draw a conclusion about

whether the treatment (independent variable) had an effect on the

dependent variable

Sample

This study about conformity and decision making involve 30 freshmen

students purposely selected from the College of Business and Accountancy

of University of Negros Occidental- Recoletos for the Academic year 2014-

2015

Instruments

The researchers will use three (3) crystal jars with the same length and

width The jars contain flower shape marshmallow The first jar has 140

pieces second jar has 90and the third jar has 30 The researchers have

paper and pen to write down participants responses

Procedures

This research study will used the three (3) jars containing different

numbersof marshmallows inside The students will choice among the jar that

has the highest number of marshmallow inside The students were group into

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

three The first group will be the control group the treatment will be the

same and there will be no confederates to be introduce The second group

will be the experimental group with three (3) lower classmen confederates

that will be part of our instrument The third group will also be an

experimental group with three (3) upperclassmen confederates The

confederates for the experimental groups have agreed in advance what their

responses would be when ask on what jar to choose and that was choosing

the wrong jar The real participants did not know this and was led to believe

that the other three participants in two experimental groups were also real

participants like themselves Each person in the room had to state aloud

their own answer which was recorded by the researchers The participants

will also state the scale of the confidence they have with their answer The

scale was from 1 to10

Statistical Treatment

In determining the answers of the study the researchers used the following

statistical methods applicable in solving problems

In problem 1 median rank is used to know the level of conformity of CBA

freshmen students when pressured and not being pressured

In problem 2 and 3 theresearchers used Wilcoxon Signed Rank to determine

the level of conformity for those students who were with lower classmen and

upperclassmen confederates before and after being pressured

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

In problem 4 t-test was used to know if there is significant difference in the

level conformity of CBA freshmen students among controlled and two

experimental groups

Chapter 3

Results Discussion and Implication

This chapter presents the result of the study and its discussion including the

implication

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Results

Table 1

Levels of Conformity in each group

Variable N Median

Control group 10 1000

Experimental

group 1 with

lower classmen

10 850

Experimental 2

group with upper

classmen

10 800

Table 1 indicates the median rank of each group showing that controlled

group has the highest level on conformity with a median of 1000 The lowest

level of conformity is the experimental group with upperclassmen with a

median of 800

Table 2

Wilcoxon Signed Rank on the level of conformity in experimental

group

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Variable p-value Significance

Lower classmen 457 Not significant

Upperclassmen 043 Significant

As shown in Table 2 the p-value of experimental group with lower classmen

is 457 that is not significant While the experimental group with

upperclassmen has a p-value of 0043 that is significant

Table 3

Kruskal Wallis on levels of Conformity as a whole

Variable t-value Df p-value Significant

As a whole 8973 2 011 Significant

As drawn in Table 3 the t-value is 973 with a frequency distribution of 2 The

p-value of 011 shows a significant difference in the level of conformity

among the groups as a whole

Discussion

The purpose of this study is to know the significant level of conformity to the

different indicated variable

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Result in table 1 shows that the level of conformity of the students between

pressured and not pressured groups are comparatively different wherein the

controlled group appears to be on the highest rank among the other groups

Furthermore the level of conformity of the group that is presented by

lowerclassmen as confederates relatively increases than to those group

presented by upper classmen The pressure presented to the participants

affects their level of conformity resulting to their decision

In table 2 the result shows that the p-value of experimental group with lower

classmen as confederates is 457 which means that there is no significant

difference in the level of conformity before and after they were pressured

However the p-value of the group of students who was with the upper

classmen is 043 which means that there is a significant difference in their

level of conformity before and after they were pressured The pressure given

by the upper classmen affects the decision making than the pressure

projected by the lower classmen

The result in table 3 shows that there is a significant difference in the level of

conformity of CBA freshmen students as a whole The pressure given to the

participants affects their decision making

Implication

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

1 If students were asked individually they are more likely to have their

own decisionanswer

2 The students are more likely to conform to the decision of the group

3 When students were pressure their level of conformity varies according

to seniority of other participants

4 The students do not conform likely with their same age bracket

5

Chapter 4

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

Conclusion and Recommendation

Conclusion

Based on the findings this conclusion was drawn

1 The researchers found out that there is a significant difference in the

level of conformity of the students when being pressured

2 The level of studentsrsquo conformity changes when pressured by

upperclassmen and remain the same when pressured by lowerclassmen

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study the following recommendations were

identified

1 To the students they must continue to be an effective decision maker

as a member of a group and as an independent individual

2 To teachers and professionals that they see how each members of

group affects or impacts others around them

3 To parents that they may see how their child makes decision that

affects their daily life situations

4 To future researchers they may able to develop this study by adding more

variables and using different methods to come up with an improved result

related to this study

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

References

httpswwwpsychologytodaycombasicssocial-comparison-theory

httpwwwsimplypsychologyorgasch-conformityhtml

Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology 27 279-296

httpmindsandmodelsblogspotcom201402jenness-1932html

httpfreespacevirginnetkerridwenredASnotesConformityhtm

httpwwwbusinessdictionarycom

httpwwwmerriam-webstercomdictionarypressure20group

httpwwwoxfordbibliographiescomviewdocumentobo-9780199828340obo-9780199828340-0075xml

Psychological Bulletin copy 2011 American Psychological Association

2012 Vol 138 No 1 126 ndash145

httpbloglibumneduhuber195psy1001spring12201204conforming-to-societyhtml

wwwproquestcom

wwwfreecomputerbookscom

Psychology Journal Edition 2013

Tables and Figures

25

N Mean

Std Deviati

onMinimu

mMaximu

m

Percentiles

25th

50th (Median

) 75thConformity Posttest

30 897 1033 6 10 800 900 1000

Groups 30 200 830 1 3 100 200 300

25

Descriptives

Groups Statistic Std ErrorConformity Posttest

Contorlled Mean 970 153

95 Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

935

Upper Bound

1005

5 Trimmed Mean 972

Median 1000

Variance 233

Std Deviation 483

Minimum 9

Maximum 10

Range 1

Interquartile Range

1

Skewness -1035 687

Kurtosis -1224 1334

Experimental (lower)

Mean 870 423

95 Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

774

Upper Bound

966

5 Trimmed Mean 878

Median 850

Variance 1789

Std Deviation 1337

Minimum 6

Maximum 10

Range 4

Interquartile Range

2

Skewness -711 687

Kurtosis 130 1334

Experimental (Upper)

Mean 850 224

95 Confidence Interval for Mean

Lower Bound

799

Upper Bound

901

5 Trimmed Mean 844

Median 800

Variance 500

Std Deviation 707

Minimum 8

Maximum 10

Ranks

NMean Rank

Sum of Ranks

Conformity Posttest(Lower) -

Conformity Prestest(Lower)

Negative Ranks

3a 233 700

Positive Ranks

3b 467 1400

Ties 4c

Total 10

Conformity Posttest (Upper) - Conformity

Pretest (Upper)

Negative Ranks

6d 533 3200

Positive Ranks

2e 200 400

Ties 2f

Total 10

a Conformity Posttest(Lower) lt Conformity Prestest(Lower)

b Conformity Posttest(Lower) gt Conformity Prestest(Lower)

c Conformity Posttest(Lower) = Conformity Prestest(Lower)

d Conformity Posttest (Upper) lt Conformity Pretest (Upper)

e Conformity Posttest (Upper) gt Conformity Pretest (Upper)

f Conformity Posttest (Upper) = Conformity Pretest (Upper)

Test Statisticsa

Conformity Posttest(Lower) - Conformity Prestest(Lower)

Conformity Posttest (Upper) - Conformity

Pretest (Upper)Z

-744b

Asymp Sig (2-tailed) 457 043

a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

b Based on negative ranks

c Based on positive ranks

25

Test Statisticsab

Conformity

Posttest

Chi-Square

8973

df 2

Asymp Sig

011

a Kruskal Wallis Testb Grouping Variable Groups

Appendix B

25

Appendix A

University of Negros Occidental ndashRecoletos College of Arts and Sciences Social Behavioral and Social Work Department

Bacolod City

Feb 10 2014

Mr Lino SumbilloDirector -SDPCUniversity of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

Dear Sr Sumbillo

A Greeting of Peace

We the 4th year Psychology students are currently conducting an experimental research on ldquo The Effects of conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen studentsrdquo

In connection with this we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to administer the test to the whole class section of C -02 A student depending on the time of their availability

Your immediate response to this request is highly appreciated Thank you very much

Respectfully yours Noted By

Ape Decy Jade Celo Magallanes AB Psychology Adviser Guinto Nikki AB Psychology III

25

Ranks

NMean Rank

Sum of Ranks

Conformity Posttest(Lower) -

Conformity Prestest(Lower)

Negative Ranks

3a 233 700

Positive Ranks

3b 467 1400

Ties 4c

Total 10

Conformity Posttest (Upper) - Conformity

Pretest (Upper)

Negative Ranks

6d 533 3200

Positive Ranks

2e 200 400

Ties 2f

Total 10

a Conformity Posttest(Lower) lt Conformity Prestest(Lower)

b Conformity Posttest(Lower) gt Conformity Prestest(Lower)

c Conformity Posttest(Lower) = Conformity Prestest(Lower)

d Conformity Posttest (Upper) lt Conformity Pretest (Upper)

e Conformity Posttest (Upper) gt Conformity Pretest (Upper)

f Conformity Posttest (Upper) = Conformity Pretest (Upper)

Test Statisticsa

Conformity Posttest(Lower) - Conformity Prestest(Lower)

Conformity Posttest (Upper) - Conformity

Pretest (Upper)Z

-744b

Asymp Sig (2-tailed) 457 043

a Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test

b Based on negative ranks

c Based on positive ranks

25

Test Statisticsab

Conformity

Posttest

Chi-Square

8973

df 2

Asymp Sig

011

a Kruskal Wallis Testb Grouping Variable Groups

Appendix B

25

Appendix A

University of Negros Occidental ndashRecoletos College of Arts and Sciences Social Behavioral and Social Work Department

Bacolod City

Feb 10 2014

Mr Lino SumbilloDirector -SDPCUniversity of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

Dear Sr Sumbillo

A Greeting of Peace

We the 4th year Psychology students are currently conducting an experimental research on ldquo The Effects of conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen studentsrdquo

In connection with this we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to administer the test to the whole class section of C -02 A student depending on the time of their availability

Your immediate response to this request is highly appreciated Thank you very much

Respectfully yours Noted By

Ape Decy Jade Celo Magallanes AB Psychology Adviser Guinto Nikki AB Psychology III

25

Appendix B

25

Appendix A

University of Negros Occidental ndashRecoletos College of Arts and Sciences Social Behavioral and Social Work Department

Bacolod City

Feb 10 2014

Mr Lino SumbilloDirector -SDPCUniversity of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

Dear Sr Sumbillo

A Greeting of Peace

We the 4th year Psychology students are currently conducting an experimental research on ldquo The Effects of conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen studentsrdquo

In connection with this we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to administer the test to the whole class section of C -02 A student depending on the time of their availability

Your immediate response to this request is highly appreciated Thank you very much

Respectfully yours Noted By

Ape Decy Jade Celo Magallanes AB Psychology Adviser Guinto Nikki AB Psychology III

25

Appendix A

University of Negros Occidental ndashRecoletos College of Arts and Sciences Social Behavioral and Social Work Department

Bacolod City

Feb 10 2014

Mr Lino SumbilloDirector -SDPCUniversity of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

Dear Sr Sumbillo

A Greeting of Peace

We the 4th year Psychology students are currently conducting an experimental research on ldquo The Effects of conformity of UNO-R CBA Freshmen studentsrdquo

In connection with this we would like to ask permission from your good office to allow us to administer the test to the whole class section of C -02 A student depending on the time of their availability

Your immediate response to this request is highly appreciated Thank you very much

Respectfully yours Noted By

Ape Decy Jade Celo Magallanes AB Psychology Adviser Guinto Nikki AB Psychology III

25