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WWW.KALVIKURAL.COM 1 10 Mk; tFg;g[ vspikahd tpdh-tpil totk; WWW.KALVIKURAL.COM thH;j;J 1.khzpf;fthrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW ntz;Lfpwhh?; bgUkhnd! cd; nky; bfhz;l ngud;gpdhy; cly; rpyph;j;njd; cs;sk; eL';fpndd; fz;zPh; cFj;njd; ifFtpj;J tz';fpndd; cd ;bray;fisg; nghw;wpg; g[fH;e;njd; vdnt moatdhf Vw;Wf;bfhs; jpUf;Fws; 1. jpUf;Fwisg; nghw;wpg; ghlk; E}y-; jpUts;Stkhiy 2. jpUf;Fws; Fws; btz;ghf;fshy; Md E}yhFk;. 3. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;nj vdg; ghoath;- ghujpjhrd; bghUj;Jf 1. mwj;Jg;ghy; - 70 mjpfhu';fs; 2. bghUl;ghy; - 38 mjpfhu';fs; 3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 25 mjpfhu';fs; FWtpdhf;fs; 1.caphpYk; Xk;gg;gLtJ vJ? Vd;? xGf;fk; Vbddpy; mJ midj;J rpwg;g[fisa[k; jUfpwJ xGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ vJ? ,Gf;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ? xGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ nkd;ik ,Gf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ gHp

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WWW.KALVIKURAL.COM

1

10 Mk; tFg;g[ vspikahd tpdh-tpil totk;

WWW.KALVIKURAL.COM

thH;j;J

1.khzpf;fthrfh; ,iwtdplk; vt;thW ntz;Lfpwhh?;

bgUkhnd!

cd; nky; bfhz;l ngud;gpdhy;

cly; rpyph;j;njd; cs;sk; eL';fpndd;

fz;zPh; cFj;njd;

ifFtpj;J tz';fpndd;

cd ;bray;fisg; nghw;wpg; g[fH;e;njd;

vdnt moatdhf Vw;Wf;bfhs;

jpUf;Fws;

1. jpUf;Fwisg; nghw;wpg; ghlk; E}y-; jpUts;Stkhiy

2. jpUf;Fws; Fws; btz;ghf;fshy; Md E}yhFk;.

3. ,izapy;iy Kg;ghYf;F ,e;epyj;nj vdg; ghoath;- ghujpjhrd;

bghUj;Jf

1. mwj;Jg;ghy; - 70 mjpfhu';fs;

2. bghUl;ghy; - 38 mjpfhu';fs;

3. ,d;gj;Jg;ghy; - 25 mjpfhu';fs;

FWtpdhf;fs;

1.caphpYk; Xk;gg;gLtJ vJ? Vd;?

xGf;fk;

Vbddpy; mJ midj;J rpwg;g[fisa[k; jUfpwJ

xGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ vJ? ,Gf;fj;jpdhy; va;JtJ vJ?

xGf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ nkd;ik

,Gf;fj;jhy; va;JtJ gHp

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2

ed;wpf;f tpj;jhtJ vJ? ey;byhGf;fk;

vd;Wk; ,Lk;ig jUtJ vJ? jPbahGf;fk;

gy fw;Wk; fy;yhh; mwptpyhh; ahh;?

cah;e;jhnuhL bghUe;jp thGk; fy;tpiaf; fy;yhjth;.

"hyk; fUjpDk; if TLk; vg;nghJ?

fhykwpe;J ,lj;njhL bghUe;jr; bray;gly;

"hyk; bty;yf; fUJgth; ahJ bra;th;?

fhyj;ij vjph;ghh;j;Jf; fy';fhky; fhj;jpUg;gh;

bfhf;ifr; rhd;whff; fhl;o ts;Sth; tpsf;fk; fUj;J ahJ?

tha;g;gw;w fhyj;jpy; mikjpahf ,Uf;f ntz;Lk;

chpa fhyk ; te;jJk; tpiue;J bray;gl ntz;Lk;

fhykwpe;J bray;gLtJ vt;thW?

mhpa tha;g;g[ fpilf;Fk; nghJ, mg;nghnj tpiue;J fhhpaj;ij Koj;jy;

rpWtpdhf;fs;

1.xGf;fj;jpd; rpwg;gpid vGJf?

xGf;fk; midj;J rpwg;g[fisa[k; jUk;

xGf;fj;ij caphpDk; nkyhf fUj ntz;Lk;.

xGf;fk; ey;y Jiz

xGf;fj;ij vg;goahtJ fhg;ghw;w ntz;Lk;

xGf;fj;ij filgpog;gjhy; Vw;gLk; ed;ikfs;

fw;w fy;tpia kwe;jhYk; kPz;Lk; fw;fyhk; xGf;fk; Fiwe;jhy; Fogpwg;gpd; rpwg;g[

mHpe;JtpLk.;

xGf;fk; cilnahh; nkd;ik milth;.

xGf;fj;ij filgpof;fhjjhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfs;

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3

Fogpwg;gpd; rpwg;g[ mHpe;JtpLk;

milaf;Tlhj gHpia milth;

fhykwpe;J bray;gLtjhy; cz;lhFk; gad; ahJ?

gfypy; nfhl;lhidf; Tl fhfk; btd;W tpLk;.

mJnghy; nte;jh;fSk; fhyk; mwpe;J bray;gl ntz;Lk;.

fhykwpe;J bray;gl;lhy; rpwe;j bra;iffs; bra;ayhk;.

fzpnkjhtpah;-Fwpg;g[ tiuf

Vyhjpia ,aw;wpath;.

rkz rkaj;jth;.

filr;r';f fhyj;jpy; thH;e;jth;.

bfhy;yhikia typa[Wj;jpath;.

gHpapy;yh kd;ddha; thH;gtdpd; gz;g[fs; gw;wp fzpnkjhtpah; Fwpg;gpLtJ

gpwUf;F gzpe;J elj;jy;

rhd;nwhh; mwpt[iufis gpd;gw;Wjy;

E}y;fis Muha;jy;

mjd;go thH;jy;

rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpd; ntWbgah;fs;

Fokf;fs; fhg;gpak;

kf;fs; fhg;gpak;

ehlff; fhg;gpak;

xw;Wikf; fhg;gpak;

Kjy; fhg;gpak;

Ik;bgU';fhg;gpa';fs; ahit?

rpyg;gjpfhuk;

kzpnkfiy

rPtfrpe;jhkzp

tisahgjp

Fz;lynfrp

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4

thapw;fhtyd; ghz;oa kd;did vt;thW thH;j;jpdhd;?

bfhw;if JiwKfj;ij cilatnd thHp!

bghjpif kiyf;Fj; jiytnd thHp!

brHpand, bjd;gFjp jiytnd thHp!

gHpr;brhw;fs; nruhj g";rtnd thHp !

rpyg;gjpfhuk; fhl;Lk; nrhH kd;dh;fspd; rpwg;g[fs;

g[whtpd; Jd;gk; ePf;f; jdJ jiria mWj;J juhrpy; itj;jth; rpgp kd;dd;

fd;iw ,He;j gRtpd; Jah; ePf;f jd; kfid njh;f;fhYf;F ,iuahf;fpatd; kD ePjpr;

nrhHd;.

"njuh kd;dh" vd tpspj;j fz;zfp Twpad ahit?

g[whtpd; Jd;gk; ePf;f jdJ jiria mWj;J juhrpy; itj;jth; rpgp kd;dd;

fd;iw ,He;j gRtpd; Jah; ePf;f jd; kfid njh;f;fhYf;F ,iuahf;fpatd; kD ePjpr;

nrhHd;.

,g;gog;gl;l ePjpkhd;fs; murhz;l nrhHg{kpna vdJ brhe;j CuhFk;

m';Fs;s khrhj;Jtd; kfd; nfhtyd;

CH;tpidahy; bfl;L vd; fhw;rpyk;ig tpw;f te;jnghJ Fw;wthsp vd

jPh;g;gspf;fg;gl;L bfhy;yg;gl;lhd;

mtd; kidtp ehd.; vd; bgah; fz;zfp.

bre;jkpiH brGe;jkpHha; bra;tjw;Fg; ghujpjhrd; TWk; tHpfs; ahit?

vspa eil

g[jpa ,yf;fz E}y;fs;

Ma;t[r; rpe;jidfis jkpHpy; bkhHpg;bgah;j;jy;

tpsf;fg;gl';fs; cUthf;Fjy;

f';ifapd; kWfiu mile;j uhkd; Ffdplk; TwpaJ.

eP vd; caph; nghd;wtd.;

,yf;Ftd; cd; jk;gp

rPij cd; bfhGe;jp

,t;t[yfk; cd;dilaJ

ehd; cdJ MSiff;Fhpatd.;

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gphpit epidj;J tUe;jhnj

,Jtiu cld;gpwe;njhh; eh';fs; ehy;th.;

cdJ mstw;w md;gpdhy; cd;ndhL Ituhndhk.;

g[wehD}W -Fwpg;g[ tiuf

g[wk;+ ehd;F+ E}W

400 ghly;fis bfhz;lJ.

400 g[yth;fshy; ghlg;gl;lJ.

r';f fhy kd;dh;fspd; tPuk,; bfhil, g[fH; gw;wp TWtJ.

jkpHpd; tuyhw;iw mwpa cjt[k.;

jkpHhpd; gz;ghl;od; cah;it mwpa cjt[k;.

rhd;nwhh; el;g[f;F ctikahf Twg;gLtJ.

bghd;

kzp

Kj;J

khzpf;fk;

rhd;nwhh; vj;jd;ikah;?

rhd;nwhh; rhd;nwhh; gf;fnk ,Ug;gh;

rhd;whz;ik ,y;yhjth; jPath; gf;fk; nrh;th;

mg;g{jp mofs; vj;jifa gz;ghsh;?

Fw;wkw;wth;

vspikahdth;

rptgf;jp epiwe;jth;

jpUeht[f;furhplk; ngud;g[ bfhz;lth;

mg;g{jp mofs; vtw;wpw;bfy;yhk; jpUeht[f;fuR vd bgah; itj;jhh;?

msit fUtpfs;

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6

Jyhf;nfhy;

kf;fs;

gRf;fs;

",g;nghJ ,';f mtd; cjt[thd;" ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?

mg;g{jpaofs; jpUeht[f;furhplk; TwpaJ.

nrf;fpHhh; Fwpg;g[ tiuf

gpwg;g[ -Fd;wj;J}h;

,aw;bgah; -,Us;bkhHpj;njth;

rpwg;g[g; bgah; -cj;jknrhHgy;yth; , bja;tnrf;fpHhh;

fhyk; fp.gp.12k; E}w;whz;L

bghpa g[uhzk; Fwpg;g[ vGJf

bghpa g[uhzk; vd;gJ bgUik bgw;w g[uhzk;

72 rptdoahh;fspd; thH;f;if tuyhw;iw brhy;tJ

jpy;iy eluh$ bgUkhdhy; cybfyhk; vd;W mobaLj;Jf; bfhLf;fg;gl;lJ.

gf;jpr;Rit brhl;l brhl;l ghlg;bgw;wJ.

cyfk; -caph; flt[s; Mfpa _d;iwa[k; bkhj;jkha; fhl;LtJ.

,g;nghJ ,';F mtd; cjt[thd; - tpsf;Ff

\j;j jpUeht[f;fuR ghk;g[ jPz;o ,we;jhd;.

kdtUj;jkpd;wp mg;g{jpaofs; jpUeht[f;furUf;F czt[ gilf;Fk; R{Hiy

vz;zpdhh;.

jpUeht[f;furnuh 'c';fs; \j;j gps;is jpUePW mzpaf; fhl;LtPuhf' vd;whh.;

mg;g{jpaofs; ele;jij Twhky; ",g;nghJ ,';f mtd; cjt[thd;"; vd;whd.;

taypd; tug;g[fs;

btz;gh

Mrphpag;gh

fypg;gh

trpg;gh

tay; jUk; tpist[fs;

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7

mwk;

bghUs;

,d;gk;

tPL

nghypg;g[yth;fis jz;og;nghh; ahth;?;

jiyapy; Fl;Ljy; -mjptPuuhk ghz;oad;

jiyia btl;Ljy; -xl;lf;Tj;jh;

brtpia mWj;jy; -tpy;ypg[j;J}uhh;

td;ika[s; vy;yhk; jiyahaJ vJ?

mwpthYk; , Mw;whyhYk; cah;e;njhiu rpwe;j Jizahf bfhz;L mth;fSila

mwpt[iug;go thH;jy;.

ty;yik midj;jpYk; nkyhd typik MFk;.

bghpnahuJ ,yf;fzk; ahJ?

mwbewpia mwpe;J ,bjspe;J Kjph;r;rp mile;jth.;

nkYk; Jd;gk; tuhjthW Kd;djhfnt fhf;Fk; jd;ika[ilath.;

bghpnahiu Jiz bfhs;tjd; rpwg;g[

giftuhy; jP';F bra;a KoahJ

bfLf;Fk; typik cilath; ahUk; ,y;iy.

bghpnahiu Jiz bfhs;shikahy; tUk; Fw;wk; ahJ?

gifth; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; bfLth;

epiyj;j jd;ik ,y;iy.

gyh; gifia tpl gd;kl';F jPik

bghUspdJ rpwg;g[ ahJ?

bghUl;lha; kjpf;fr; bra;tJ bghUs;

,y;yhiu vy;nyhUk; ,fH;thh;fs;

jPatuhapDk; bry;tiu vy;nyhUk; rpwg;g[ bra;thh;fs;.

bry;tk; gifia mHpf;Fk;.

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8

bghUsPl;Ltjhy; Vw;gLk; gad;fs;

mUs; vd;Dk; FHe;ij bghUs; vd;Dk; brtpypj;jhahy; tsh;f;fg;gLk;

bghUis itj;Jf;bfhz;L braiy bra;tJ ahidfs; nghh; bra;tij Fd;wpy;

epd;W mr;rkpd;wp ghh;g;gjw;f rkk;

gifth; brUf;if mHpf;Fk; gilf;fyk; bghUs;

mwKk; ,,d;gKk; bghUs; cs;sth;f;nf

njthuk; -bghUs; jUf

nj+ thuk; vd;gJ bja;tj; jd;ika[ila ,irg;ghly;fs;

nj+ Muk; bja;tj;jpw;F R{l;lg;gl;l ghkhiy

rptbgUkhd; vj;jd;ikad;

xU fhjpy; r';fpid FiHahf mzpe;jtd;.

jdf;F nky; xUtUk; ,y;yhjtd.;

vtUf;Fk; Ml;glhj jd;ikad;

jhkhh;f;Fk; Foay;yhj; jd;ik

,iwtd; jpUtoia tz';Ffpd;wth; vj;jd;ikah;?

ahUf;Fk; moikahf khl;lhh;.

vkid fz;L m";r khl;lhh;.

efuj;jpy; Jd;gg;glkhl;lhh.;

,iwtd; ghJfhg;gpy; ,Ug;ghh;.

xUnghJk; Jd;gg;gl khl;lhh;.

g[yp ciwa[k; ,lj;ijg; gw;wp vGJ

mfyp nghd;w Xilf;fUnf

mlh;e;j ku';fs; bfhz;l fhl;lUnf

bfhoa thpfisa[ila g[yp thH;fpwJ

egpfs; ehafk; g[ypaplk; TwpaJ vd;d?

caph;tij bra;tij tpL

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9

ntW fhl;ow;F ngh

g[yp trdpj;j glyk; \yk; eP mwpa[k; ahJ?

cyf caph;fs; vy;yhk; ,iwtd; Kd; xd;W

bfhLikahd caphpd';fSk; ,iwtd; Kd; gzpe;J elf;Fk;

g[ypapd; njhw;wk; gw;wp vGJf

bfhoa thpfs;

ePz;l thy;

beUg;g[ fz;fs;

xspWk; btz;gw;fs;

g[yhy; ehw;wk; tPRk; tha;

,oia tpl mjpfkhd rpdk;

egpfs; ehaj;ij fz;l g[ypapd; epiyia vGJf

thiy tisj;jJ

cly; eL';fpaJ

bkJtha; ele;jJ

egpfspd; jhkiu ghj';fs; nky; jiyia jhH;j;jp gzpe;J tz';fpaJ.

thH;f;ifapy; gpd;gw;wf;Toa bewpKiwfis gw;wp fypj;bjhif TWtd ahit?

Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ,y;yhjth;f;f cjt[jy;

nghw;Wjy; vd;gJ Toatiu gphpahky; ,Ug;gJ

gz;g[ vdg;gLtJ cyf xGf;fk; mwpe;J gpd;gw;wp elg;gJ

md;g[ vd;g;gLtJ mwptpyhh; gHpr;brhy;iy bghWj;Jf; bfhs;Sjy;

brwpt[ vdg;gLtJ bfhLj;j thf;if fhj;J epw;gJ

kiw vdg;gLtJ kiwthd bray;fis gpwh; mwpah tz;zk; fhj;jy;

Kiw vdg;gLtJ ghuhgl;rkpd;wp ePjp tH';FtJ

bghiw vdg;gLtJ ,fH;gtiu bghWj;jy;

vg;go ele;jpl ntz;Lk; vd ,se;jpiuadhh; TWfpwhh;?

gadw;w vz;z';fs; njhd;wp yl;rpag; ghijia milf;Fk; Kd; neh;tHpapy; rpwpJ

nrhh;tpy;yhky; elf;f ntz;Lk;

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if, fhy;fspd; gad;fs;

ifapd; gad;

brHpj;J elf;Fk; ghijapd; jilaha; tsh;e;jpUf;Fk; g[jh;fis mHpf;f typikahd

,U iffs; gad;gLk.;

fhypd; gad;

bry;Yk; tHpapy; fy;Yk; , Ks;Sk; cs;;s gFjpfis flg;gjw;F typikahd ,uz;L

fhy;fs; gad;gLk;.

tpilf;Fwpg;g[

if g[jh; mHpf;Fk;.

fhy; fod gFjpfia flf;Fk.;

vspa tpdhf;fs;

ifa[iw bghUl;fshf Ffd; brd;wit

1. kPd;

2. njd;

Ffd; uhkid fz;L vt;thW gzpe;J tz';fpdhd;>

1. Ffd; uhkid jd; fz;fshy; fz;L fspj;jhd;

2. ,Us;nghd;w ePz;l Koia cila jiy kz;zpy; gLk;go fPnH tpGe;J

tz';fpdhd;

"md;g[s ,dp ehk; Xh; Ith;fs; csuhndhk;" ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?

fk;g uhkhazk; - rpWFwpg;g[

1. uhkd; fijiaf; TWtJ

2. thy;kPfpahy; tlbkhHpapy; vGjg;gl;lJ

3. jkpHpy; vGjpath; fk;gh;

4. fk;gh; jhk; ,aw;wpa E}Yf;F ,l;l bgah; ',uhk mtjhuk;'

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5. MW fhz;l';fis cilaJ.

f';ifapd; kWfiuia mile;j Ffdplk; uhkd; TwpaJ

1. eP vd; caph; nghd;wtd.;

2. yl;Rkzd; cd; jk;gp

3. rPij cd; bfhGe;jp

4. ,e;j cyfk; cd;DilaJ.

5. gphpit epidj;J tUe;jhnj

6. cd; mstw;w md;ghy; cd;ndhL Ituhndhk;.

nkilg; ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;j ehy;th;

1. jpU.tp.f

2. mwph; mz;zh

3. uh.gp.nrJgps;is

4. jtj;jpU Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;

ngr;rpd; Kf;TWfs;

1. vLj;jy;

2. bjhLj;jy;

3. Koj;jy;

ngr;rpd; bjhlf;fk; vt;thW mika ntz;Lk;?

1. jl';fy; ,y;yhky; ngr;irj; bjhl';Fjy;

2. nfl;gtiu gf;Ftj;jpy; itj;jpUf;Fk; mstpw;F ngr ntz;Lk.;

3. RUf;fkhd Kd;DiunahL ngr ntz;Lk.;

4. XhpU kzpj;Jspfspy; ngrg; nghFk; bghUspy; g[Fe;J tpl ntz;Lk;.

nkilg; ngr;rpd; jpwk;

1. nfl;gth; cs;sj;jpy; CLUtpr; brd;W mth;fis gpzpf;Fk; Mw;wy; cs;sjhf ,Uf;f

ntz;Lk.;

2. nfl;gth; cs;sj;jpy; jhk; tpUk;g[k; czh;r;rpia Vw;gLj;j ntz;Lk;.

g[wehD}W Fwpg;g[ - tiuf

1. 400 ghly;fis cilaJ

2. tPuk; , g[fH; ,bfhil gw;wp TWtJ

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3. jkpHh; tuyhw;iw mwpa cjt[tJ

4. gz;ghl;od; cah;it czu cjt[tJ

rhd;nwhh; el;g[f;F ctikahf Twg;gLtJ

1. bghd; , gtsk; , Kj;J ,khzpf;fk;

2. njhd;Wk; ,l';fs; khWgl;lJ

3. khiyahf nfhh;f;fg;gLk;nghJ Xhplj;jpy; xd;W To miktJ

4. rhd;nwhh;fs; btt;ntW ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;jhYk; jf;f rkaj;jpy; cs;sj;jhy; xd;W

nrh;jy;

rhd;nwhh; vj;jd;ikah;?

1. rhd;nwhh; rhd;nwhh; gf;fnk nrh;th;

2. rhd;whz;ikapy;yhjth; jPath; gf;fk; nrh;th;

bkhHp khw;wk; vd;why; vd;d ?

xU bkhHp glj;ij kw;w bkhHpapy; khw;wp mikg;gJ

fy;tp gl';fs; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit?

1. gytif tpy';Ffspd; thH;f;if

2. gd;dhl;L kf;fspd; thH;f;if

3. nehpy; fhz Koahj ,l';fis nehpy; ghh;g;gJ nghy; czh;t[

bra;jp gl';fs; thapyhf ehk; mwptd ahit ?

1. cyfpy; gy gFjpfspy; elf;Fk; epfH;r;rpfis glkhf;fp fhl;LtJ

2. jpiug;glk; vLg;gijtpl bra;jpg; glk; vLg;gJ fodkhdit.

mg;g{jpaofs; vj;jifa gz;ghsh;?

1. Fw;wkw;wth;

2. rptgf;jp cilath;

3. vspikahdth;

mg;g{jpaofs; vtw;wpw;bfy;yhk; jpUeht[f;fuR vdg; bgah; itj;jhh;?

1. msitf; fUtpfs;

2. Jyhf;nfhy;

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3. kf;fs;

4. gRf;fs;

Ek;ngh; vGjhnj ntbwhUngh; Kd;bdGj ntz;oa fhuzk; vd;bfhy;? ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?

jpUeht[f;furh; mg;g{jpaofsplk; TwpaJ

",g;nghJ ,';F mtd; cjt[thd;".; ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ.

mg;g{jpaofs; jpUeht[f;furhplk; TwpaJ

,g;nghJ ,td; cjt[thd;- tpsf;Ff

1. \j;j jpUeht[f;furiu ghk;g[ jPz;oajhy; ,we;jhd;

2. kdtUj;jk; ,d;wp mg;g{jpaofs; jpUeht[f;furUf;F czt[g; gilj;jhh;

3. jpUeht[f;furnuh c';fs; \j;j gps;isia jpUePW mzpa fhl;LtPuhf vd;whh;.

4. mg;g{jpaofs; ele;jijf; Twhky; ,g;nghJ mtd; ,';F cjt[thd; vd;W Twpdhh;.

bfhL';flyhy; bfhs;sg;gl;l jkpHf gFjpfs; ahit?

1. Fkhpkiy

2. g@Wsp MW

Vw;Wkjp, ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;Jf; TWk; E}y;fs;

1. gl;odg;ghiy

2. kJiuf;fh";rp

fly; thzpfk; Fwpj;J vGJ

1. bghd;Dk; , kzpa[k; , Kj;Jk; , JfpYk; jkpHh; thzpfj;jpd; Kf;fpag; bghUs;fs;

2. g{k;g[fhh; Kf;fpaj; JiwKfg;gl;odk;

3. fpnuf;fk; nuhkhg[hp, vfpg;J, Mfpa ehLfSf;F mhprp, re;jdk;, kapy;njhif

mDg;gg;gl;ld.

4. fp.K.10Mk; E}w;whz;oy; rhykd; murDf;F ahidj; je;jk;, kapy;njhif

mDg;gg;gl;ld.

"hyk; - bgah;fhuzk; TW

1. "hyk; vd;w brhy;ypd; moahf gpwe;jJ.

2. "hy;- bjh';Fjy;

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3. ve;jtpj gw;Wkpd;wp mz;l btspapy; cyfk; bjh';FtJ

mq gw;wpa fk;ghpd; fUj;J

1. ,d;iwa mwptpay; msit gpsf;f nrh;f;f Koa[k; vd;fpwJ.

2. md;W fk;gh; "Xh; mqtpidr; rjTwpl;l nfhdpDk; csd;" vd;whh.;

td;ika[s; vy;yhk; jiyahaJ vJ?

1. cah;e;njhiu Jizf; bfhs;tJ

2. mtUila mwpt[iug;go thH;jy;

3. ty;yikapDk; nkyhd ty;yik MFk;.

bghUs; my;yhiu bghUshf bra;tJ vJ?

bghUl;bry;tk;

nte;jw;Fhpa bghUs;fs; ahit?

1. R';fg; bghUs;

2. jpiug; bghUs;

3. cilath; ,d;ikahy; tUk; bghUs;

bghpahhpd; ,yf;fzk; ahJ?

1. mwbewpia mwpe;J bjspe;J Kjph;r;rp miljy;

2. Jd;gk; tuhjthW Kd;djhfnt fhf;Fk; jd;ik cilath;

bghpahiu Jiz bfhs;tjd; rpwg;g[

1. giftuhy; jP';F bra;a KoahJ

2. bfLf;Fk; typath;fs; ,y;iy

bghUspdJ rpwg;g[

1. bghUl;lha; kjpf;fr; bratJ bghUns.

2. ,y;yhiu vy;yhUk; ,fH;th;.

3. jPath;fs; MapDk; bry;tiu vy;nyhUk; kjpg;gh.;

4. bry;tk; gifia mHpf;Fk;.

fhe;jpaofis fth;e;j F$uhj; ghlypd; fUj;J

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jhfj;Jf;F ePh; jUtij tpl cdf;F jPik bra;jtUf;bfy;yhk;

ed;ik bra;tjpy;jhd; bghUs;; bghjpe;j mh;j;jk; cs;sJ.

fhe;jpaofsplk; ,sk; gUtj;jpnyna ,ay;gha; mike;j cah;gz;g[fs;

1. md;g[, cz;ik, cWjp, ,d;dhbra;ahik

2. fhe;jpaofs; mwtHpg; nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;f';fs;

1)fjhpaf;fk; 2)kJtpyf;F 3) jPz;lhik xHpg;g[

fhe;jpaofs; vjid ghtk; vd;whh;.

gfl;lhd thH;f;ifna ghtk; vd;whh;

fhe;jpaofs; vtw;iw msbewpahf nghw;w ntz;Lk; vd;W Twpdhh;

vspik ,jpahfk;/ rpf;fdk;; ,d;dhbra;ahik

,e;jpahtpd; thH;t[ Fwpj;J fhe;jpaofspd; fUj;J

1. ,e;jpahtpd; thH;t[ vd;gJ yl;rf;fzf;fhd fpuhk';fspd; thH;t[

2. ,e;jpahtpd; thH;t[ cHth;fs; , ,ish;fs; iffspy; cs;sJ.

kdpj neak; Fwpj;J fhe;jpaofspd; fUj;J

1. kdpjnuhL, kdpjuhf gpwe;J kz;zpy; cs;;s kdpjUf;fhf thH;e;J kfhj;khfthf

cah;ejth; fhe;jp

2. vd;idg; bghWj;jtiu njrhgpkhdKk; , kdpjhgpkhdKk; xd;W

3. ehd; xU njrgf;jd;.

4. kdpjdhf ,Ug;gJk; , mjw;F nky; kdpjhgpkhdpahf ,Ug;gJk; ehd; njrgf;jdhf

,Ug;gjhy;jhd;.

5. xUtd; bkhHpahy; ehl;lhy; czh;j;jg;gLtijf; fhl;oYk; , kdpjj; jd;ikahy;

czh;j;jg;gLtnj rpwg;g[

vspa tdhf;fs;

tdj;jpy; thGk; tpy';Ffshf rPwhg;g[uhzk; Fwpg;gpLtd ahit?

1. rp';ff; Tl;l';fs;

2. ahidfs;

3. fhl;blUikfs;

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4. gd;wpfs;

5. fuofs;

6. fiykhd;fs;

7. g[ypfs;

Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ ahJ?

Mw;Wjy; vd;gJ tUe;jp te;jth;f;F cjt[jy;

gz;g[ vdg;gLtJ ahJ?

gz;g[ vdg;gLtJ rhd;nwhh; tHp mwpe;J elg;gJ

mwpt[ vdg;gLtJ ahJ?

mwpt[ vdg;gLtJ mwpahjth; jd;idg; ghh;j;J brhy;Yk; brhy;iy

bghWj;Jf; bfhs;tJ

fyk;gf E}y;fSs; Kjy; E}y; vJ?

ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;

fyk;gf cWg;g[fs; ehd;fpid TW

1. mk;khid

2. kwk;

3. g[atFg;g[

4. ,u';fy;

ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ahh; kPJ ghlg; bgw;wJ?

gy;yt kd;dd; , \d;whk; ee;jpth;kd; kPJ ghlg;bgw;wJ.

fyk;gfk; Fwpg;g[ vGJ

fyk;+ gfk; =fyk;gfk;

fyk; 12 gfk; 6= 18

gytif bghUSk; fye;J tUtjhy; ,J fyk;gfk; vdg;gLk;.

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96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa';fspd; xd;W

MH;thh;fs; ghoa ghly;fspd; bjhFg;gpd; bgah; vd;d?

ehyhapu jpt;a gpuge;jk;

Fynrfuh; ve;bje;j bkhHpfspy; ty;yth;

1. tlbkhHp

2. bjd;bkhHp

ehyhapu jpt;a gpuge;jk; Fwpg;g[ vGJ

1. jpUkhypd; bgUikia 4000 ghly;fspy; TWtJ

2. 12MH;thh;fs; ghoa ghly;fspd; bjhFg;g[

3. itzth;fspd; jkpH; ntjk;

Fynrfu MH;thh; Fwpg;g[ tiuf

bgah; -Fynrfu bgUkhs;

Ch; -jpUt";irf;fsk;

rkak;- itztk;

kug[ -mur kug[

rhjidg; g{f;fs; vit?

1. broapd; btw;wp mjd; g{tpny

2. kdpjdpd; btw;wp mtd; rhjidapy;

3. rhjpj;j gpd; ntjidfs; kiwe;JtpLk;

xUthp tpdhf;fs;

1. rPwhg;g[uhzj;ij ,aw;wpath;- ckWg;g[yth;

2. ckWg;g[ytiu Mjhpj;j ts;sy;- rPjf;fhjp

3. rPwhg;g[uhzk; 3 fhz;l';fis cilaJ

4. nfHy; vd;gjd; bghUs;- gd;wp

5. jpwdwpe;J njh;e;J bfhs;sntz;oath;- \j;j mwpt[ilnahh;

6. mwpatw;Ws; vy;yhk; mhpJ bghpahh; ngzpj; jkuhf; bfhsy;

7. Kjypyhh;f;F Cjpak; ,y;iy

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8. jpUeht[f;furhpd; jkf;ifahh;- jpyftjpahh;

9. jpUeht[f;furh; mUspa ghly;fs;- njthuk;

10. jpUeht[f;furhpd; fhyk;- fpgp 7k; E}w;whz;L

11. whkhh;f;Fk; Foay;nyhk; vd;Dk; ghly; ghujpahiu mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy vd

ghlj; J}z;oaJ

12. fypj;bjhif vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W

13. bea;jy; fypiag; ghoath; ey;ye;Jtdhh;

14. nghw;whiug; bghWj;jy; vd;gJ bghiw

15. gz;g[- ghlwpe;J xGfy;

16. md;g[ -jd;fpis brwh mik

17. mwpt[ -ngijahh; brhy; nehd;wy;

18. brwpt[- TwpaJ kwh mik

19. ee;jpf;fyk;gfk; 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa';fspy; xd;W

vspaikahd tpdhf;fs;

1)fz;zfpf;F ghz;oad; beL";brHpad; Twpa kWbkhHp ahJ?

1. fs;tid bfhiy bra;jy; bfhL';nfhy; my;y mur ePjpna MFk.;

2)bghpahhpd; bgz; tpLjiy rpe;jidfis vt;thW gFf;fyhk;>

2. mog;gilj; njitfs;

3. mfw;wg;gl ntz;oait

3)bgz;qhpikia tpsf;F

1. bgw;nwhhpd; tpUg;gj;jpw;fhf xU Miz bgz;qf;F jpUkzk; bra;jy; TlhJ.

2. bgz; tpUg;gg;gona jpUkzk; elf;f ntz;Lk;.

3. fd;dpfhjhdk;, fy;ahzk;, jhuKTh;j;jk; xHpf;fg;gl ntz;Lk;

4. bgz;fSf;F brhj;Jhpikia tH';fntz;Lk;.

4)ifa[iw bghUl;fshf Ffd; bfhz;L brd;wit

1.kPd; njd;

5)Ffd; ,yf;Ftdplk; TwpaJ

1. ehd; glnfhl;Lk; ntl;Ltd;

2. eha; nghy; bjhz;L bra;ntd;

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6)Ffdpd; ntz;Lnfhs;

1. cd;id jtntlj;jpy; ghh;j;j vd; fz;fis gwpj;J vwpahj fs;td; ehd.;

2. cd;id gphpe;J vd; ,Ug;gplk; bry;y khl;nld;

3. ,';F ,Ue;J cdf;F moikj; bjhHpy; bra;ntd;

7),isnahd; FWfp eP Mthd; ahh;?

Ffdplk; ,yf;Ftd; beU';fp eP ahh; vd;W nfl;lhd;.

8)mk;ngj;fhh; Fwpj;J neU TwpaJ

1. gFj;jwpt[ Jiwapy; mtUf;F ,iz mtnu

2. Mrpa fz;lj;jpy; kpfg; bghpa E}yfj;ij jdpahf mikj;j bgUik ,tiur; nrUk;

9)rhd;nwhh; bry;tk; vd;W nghw;WtJ vij?

1. jk;kplk; milf;fykha; te;jthpd; Jd;gj;ij nghf;Ftnj bry;tk; MFk;.

10)rhd;nwhh; el;g[f;F ctikahf Twg;gLtJ vit?

1. Kj;J

2. gtsk;

3. bghd;

4. khzpf;fk;

11)nkilg;ngr;rpy; kf;fis <h;j;j ehy;th;

1. jpU.tp.f

2. mz;zh

3. nrJ gps;is

4. Fd;wf;Fo mofshh;

12)ngr;rpd; Kf;TWfs;

bjhlf;fk; - vLj;jy;

,ilg;gFjp - bjhLj;jy;

Kot[ - Koj;jy;

13)nkilg;ngr;rpd; jpwk;

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1. ngr;R xU mwpa fiy

2. nfl;gtiu gpzpf;f bra;a[k;

3. ,dpikahf ,Uf;Fk;

14)mg;g{jpaofshh; vj;jifa gz;ghsh;?

fst[,bgha; ,fhkk;, rpdk; Kjypa Fw;w';fis ePf;fpath;

15)mg;g{jpaofshh; vtw;wpw;bfy;yhk; jpUeht[f;furh; vdg; bgah; itj;jth;?

1. mst[ fUtpfs;

2. kf;fs;

3. gRf;fs;

4. vUikfs;

5. juhR

16)"Ek;ngh; vGjhnj" ahh; ahhplk; TwpaJ?

mg;g{jpaofs;, jz;zPh; ge;jYf;F mth; bgaiu itf;fhj fhuzj;ij

jpUeht[f;furh; mg;g{jpaofsplk; nfl;ly;

17)bkhHpkhw;wk; vd;why; vd;d?

xU bkhHp glj;ij kw;w bkhHpapy; khw;wpaikf;f

18)fy;tpgl';fs; vd;gJ

1. fy;tp fw;gjw;F gad;gLk;

2. nehpy; fhzKoahj gy ,l';fis bjhpe;J bfhs;s Koa[k;

19)bra;jp gl';fs;

1. cyfpy; gy;ntW gFjpfspy; elf;F epfH;r;rpfis glkhf;FtJ

2. jpiug;glk; vLg;gijtpl kpft[k; fodkhdJ

20)nghyp g[yth;fis jz;og;gth;fs;

1. mjptPu uhkghz;oad; (jiyapy;; Fl;Lgth;)

2. xl;lf;Tj;jh; (jiyia btl;Lgth;)

3. tpy;ypg[j;J}uhh] (brtpia mWg;gth;)

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21)jkpHpd; Rit

1. bjspe;j mKJ

2. mwptpdhy; cz;zg;gLk; njd;

22)bfhL';flyhy; bfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs;

1. Fkhp MW

2. Fkhp kiy

3. g@Wsp MW

23)Vw;Wkjp, ,wf;Fkjp Fwpj;J TWk; E}y;fs;

1. gl;odg;ghiy

2. kJiuf;fh";rp

24)fpwp!;J gpwg;gjw;F Kd;g[ Vw;Wkjp bra;ag;gl;l ehLfs;

1. vfpg;J

2. fpnuf;fk;

3. nuhkhg[hp

25)jkpHfj;jpy; ,Ue;J Vw;Wkjp bra;ag;gl;l bghUl;fs;

1. mhprp

2. kapy;njhif

3. ahid je;jk;

4. thridg; bghUl;fs;

26)jkpHh;fs; tzpf bjhlh;g[ bfhz;l ehLfs;

1. atd ehL

2. rhtf ehL

27)td;ikapy; vy;yhk; jiy

1. bghpath;fis Jizbfhz;L mth; brhw;go elg;gJ rpwe;j typik MFk;.

28)ey;yhh; bjhlh;g[ iftpLjy; vj;jd;ikj;J?

rhd;nwhhpd; el;ig iftpLjy; gynuhL gif bfhs;tij tpl 10 kl';F jP';F jUk;.

29)nte;jUf;Fhpa bghUs;fs;

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1. jhdha; te;j bghUs;

2. R';fg; bghUs;

3. jpiwg;bghUs;

30)bghpahuJ ,yf;fzk;

1. mwbewp mwpe;jth;

2. tajpy; \j;jth;

3. nts;tpfshy; epiwe;jth;

4. murDf;F ed;ik, jPik Kd;ng mwpe;J tHp brhy;Yk; Mw;wy; cilath;

5. jk;ik rhh;e;jthpd; Jd;gk; ePf;fp kPz;Lk; tuhjgo ghJfhj;jy;

31)njthuk; bghUs; TWf

1. bja;tj;jd;ika[ila ,irg;ghly;fs;

2. bja;tj;jpw;F R{l;lg;gLk; ghkhiy

32)rptbgUkhd; vj;jd;ikad;?

1. vtUf;Fk; Mglhjtd;

2. r';fud; vd;w bgaiu bfhz;ltd;

33)"hyk; bgah; fhuzk;

1. "hy; vd;Dk; brhy;yoahf njhd;wpaJ.

2. "hy; vd;gjw;F bjh';Fjy; vd;gJ bghUs;

34)neha; tUtjw;F fhuzk;

thjk;, gpj;jk,; rpnyj;Jkk; Mfpa _d;wpy; xd;wpd;, mst[ Fiwe;jhy; neha; tUk;.

35)mq gw;wpa fk;ghpd; fUj;J

Xh; mqit rj Twpl;l nfhzpDk; csd;

36)jk;Kd; te;j g[ypia egpfs; ehafk; vd;d bra;jhh;?

md;g[ld; jltpf; bfhLj;jhh;

37)egpfs; g[ypaplk; TwpaJ vd;d?

1. kfpH;r;rpa[ld; jltpf; bfhLj;jhh;

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2. eP ,d;W Kjy; tHpapy; bry;nthhpd; capiu gwpg;gJ ey;yjy;y.

3. ,e;j fhl;iltpl;L ntW fhl;ow;F bry;.

38),e;j glyj;jpd; \yk; eP mwpa[k; mwk;

1. kdpjuhf ,Ue;jhYk; , tpy';fha; ,Ue;jhy; gpw capUf;F jP';F bra;af; TlhJ.

39)mbkhpf;f ,jHhrphpah; fhe;jpaofisg; gw;wpf; TwpaJ

fhe;jpaofspd; rj;jpa nrhjidia goj;J ,jpy; jhd; cyfk; ca;a tHp ,Uf;fpwJ vd;whh.;

40)F$uhj; ghlypd; rpwg;g[

2. jhfj;jpw;F ePh; jUtjpy; xd;Wkpy;iy

3. jPik bra;jtUf;F ed;ik bra;

41)kiyg;bghHpt[ E}iy goj;J fhe;jpaofs; czh;e;jJ

1. jPatid vjph;f;fhnj

2. mtdplk; cs;s jPikia vjph;j;J epy;

3. giftdplk; md;g[ ghuhl;L

42)fhe;jpaofsplk; ,ay;gha; mike;j cah;gz;g[fs;

1. md;g[

2. cWjp

3. ,d;dh bra;ahik

43)fhe;jpaofspd; mwtHp nghuhl;lj;jpy; cUthd ,af;f';fs;

1. fjh; ,af;fk;

2. kJtpyf;F

3. jPz;lhik xHpg;g[

44)fhe;jpaofs; vjid ghtk; vd;whh;?

1. gfl;lhd thH;f;if

2. fjiu mzpahky;, yz;ldpy; ,Ue;J tUk; cilfis mzptJ

45)vtw;iw mwbewpahf nghw;w ntz;Lk; vd;W fhe;jpaofs; TWfpwhh;

1. ,d;brhy;

2. <if

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3. vspik

4. rpf;fdk;

46)ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; cWg;g[fs;

1. g[atFg;g[

2. mk;khid

3. Cry;

4. tPuk;

47)fyk;gf E}y;fspy; Kjy; E}y;

ee;jpf; fyk;gfk;

48)ee;jpf; fyk;gfk; ahh; kPJ ghlg;bgw;wJ?

\d;whk; ee;jpth;kd; kPJ ghlg;bgw;wJ

49)uhkyp';fh; v';F vg;nghJ gpwe;jhh?;

1. kUJ}h;

2. 05.10.1823

50)ts;syhhpd; KHf;fk;

mUl;bgUn$hjp ,jdpg;bgU';fUiz

51)rj;jpa jh;k rhiyapy; ts;syhh; bra;j bjhz;L

1. rhjp ntWghL ,y;yhky; grpj;jtUf;F czt[ mspj;jhh.;

2. grp ,gpzpia nghf;fpdhh;

52)Rj;j rd;khh;f;f r';fj;jpd; nehf;f';fs;

1. ,iwtd; xUtnd

2. rhjp ,rka ,kj ,d ntWghL TlhJ

3. caph;f; bfhiy TlhJ.

4. vy;yh capiua[k; nerpf;f ntz;Lk.;

5. ViH kf;fspd; grpia nghf;f ntz;Lk;.

53)caph; ,uf;fk; gw;wp uhkyp';fhpd; fUj;J

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1. caph; ,uf;fnk nghpd;g tPl;od; jpwt[nfhy;

2. flt[spd; bgauhy; caph;f;bfhiy TlhJ

3. nghhpd; bfhLik mwpe;J tUe;jpdhh;

4. nghhpy;yh cyfk; nfl;lhh;

5. MUapUf;bfy;yhk; md;g[ bra;jy; ntz;Lk; vd tpUk;gpdhh;

54)vg;go ele;jpl ntz;Lk;?

neh;tHpapy; nrhh;tpy;yhky; tpiue;J elf;f ntz;Lk;

55)ekJ if fhy;fspd; gad;fs;

1. iffs; ghijapy; tsUk; g[jh;fis mHpf;f

2. fhy;fs; fy;Yk;, Ks;Sk; cs;s kiyg; ghijia flf;f cjt[k;.

56)rhjidg; g{f;fs; vit?

1. rKjha kWkyh;r;rp

2. ViH vspnahhpd; Vw;wk;

3. th;f;f nghuhl;lk; ,y;yhj khDlk;

57)xt;bthUtUk; Fiwe;jJ vf;fy;tpj; jFjp bgw ntz;Lk;

gd;dpbuz;lhk; tFg;g[

58)ntiy tha;g;g[f;fis cUthf;fpj;jUk; mKj Rugp

1. bjhHpy;El;gj;Jiw

2. Ez;zpay; bjhHpy; El;gj;Jiw

59)jw;nghJ tsh;e;J tUk; ,U bjhHpw;El;gj; fy;tpfs;

1. bjhHpy;El;gj;Jiw

2. Ez;zpay; bjhHpy; El;gj;Jiw

60),ilepiy Mrphpah; gapw;rp Fwpj;J vGJf

1. 2+ njh;r;rp

2. ,ilepiy Mrphpah; fy;tp gapw;rp ,uz;lhz;Lfs;

61),uhqtk;, fhty; Kjyhd gzpapy; nrh;tjw;fhd jFjpf;TWfs;

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1. 2+njh;r;rp

2. vGj;Jj;njh;t[

3. clw;TW njh;t[

ciueil

bjhd;ik jkpHfk;

1.by\hpah vd;gJ kdpj ehfhpfj; bjhl;oy; vdyhk;

2.bfhL';flyhy; bfhs;sg;gl;l gFjpfs;

1.Fkhp 2)Fkhp kiy 3) g@WspahW

3.Vw;Wkjp ,wf;Fkjp gw;wp TWk; E}y;fs;

1)gl;odg;ghiy 2)kJiuf;fh";rp

4.,irf;fiyia btspg;gLj;Jk; E}y;fs;

bjhy;fhg;gpak,; r';f ,yf;fpak;, rpyg;gjpfhuk;

5.jkpH;ehl;od; ,ay;, ,ir, ehlff; fiy"h;fs;

ghzd;, ghodp, Tj;jd;/ tpwyp

6.jhyhl;L vd;gJ FHe;ijia bjhl;oypl;L ghLtJ

7.xg;ghhp vd;gJ ,tUf;F xg;ghh; xUtUk; ,y;yh; vd;W ghLtJ

8.,d;iwa fh;ehlf ,irf;F jha; ek; jkpHpirna

9.gz;nzhL jkpbHhg;gha; vd;wJ ek; njthuk;.

10.jkpHh; gad;gLj;jpa ,irf;fUtpfs;

1. njhw;fUtp

2. Jisf;fUtp

3. euk;g[f;fUtp

11.mwj;jpd; mog;gilapy; bjhl';fpaJ gHe;jkpHh; thH;t[

12.bgz;fspd; tPuj;jpid gw;wp ghoa bgz;ghw; g[yth; xf;Th; khrhj;jpahh;

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13.bjhy; gH';fhyj;ijg; gw;wp Ma;t[ bra;tnj bjhy;tpay; MFk;.

14.bjhy;ypaiy M';fpyj;jpy; Mh;f;fpahyh$p vdyhk.;

15.1963k; Mz;L g{k;g[fhh; mUfpy; cs;s fPHhh;btsp vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; fly; mfHha;t[ ele;jJ.

16.mwpt[ mw;wk; fhf;Fk; fUtp vd;whh; jpUts;Sth;

17.cyfk; vd;w jkpH;r;brhy; cyt[ vd;w jkpH;r;brhy;ypd; moahf gpwe;jJ.

18.cyt[ vd;gJ Rw;Wjy; vd;w bghUisj; jUk;

19."hyk; vd;w jkpH;r;brhy; "hy; vd;Dk; brhy;yoahf njhd;wpaJ

"hy; vd;gJ bjh';Fjy; vd;w bghUshFk;.

20.fdpk mwptpay;

fUk;igg; gpHpa[k; ve;jpuj;ij

"jPk;gpHp ve;jpuk; ge;jy; tUe;j" vd;fpwJ gjpw;Wg;gj;J

"me;jf; nfzpa[k; ve;jpuf; fpzWk" ; vd;fpwJ bgU';fij

21.kz;zpay; mwpt[

1. epyj;ij epwj;jpd; mog;gilapy; brk;kz; epyk; vd;Wk;, Ritapd; mog;gilapy; cth;

epyk; vd;Wk,; jd;ikapd; mog;gilapy; fsh;epyk; vd;Wk; gphpf;fyhk;.

2. brk;g[yg;g[ay; ePh;nghy vd brhy;tJ FWe;bjhif

3. cWkplJjth cth;epyk; vd;W ciug;gJ g[wehD}W

4. gathf; fsuidah; fy;yhjth; vd;ghh; jpU\yh;

5. clk;ghh; mHpapd; capuhh; vd;ghh; jpU\yh;

6. kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jjw;why; vd;fpwJ jpUf;Fws;

22.rpj;j kUj;Jtk;

rpjjh;fspd; kUj;Jt E}y;fs;

1. njiuah;

2. mfj;jpah;

3. g[ypg;ghzp

4. nghfh;

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23.,aw;if kUj;Jtk; vd;Dk; kUe;jpy;yh kUj;Jt Kiwia md;iwa jkpHh;fs;

mwpe;Js;sdh;

24.g[y;yhfp g{lha; vd;gd jpUthrf thpfs;

25.KJbkhHp khiy vd;w Eiyg; gilj;jth; ckWg; g[yth;

ciueil E}w;Fwpg;g[ jUjy;

njthuk;

1. nj+ thuk; = njthuk;

2. bja;tj;jd;ika[s;s ,irg;ghly;fs;

3. bja;tj;jpw;F R{l;lg;gl;l ghkhiy

4. fhyk; fp.gp.7k; E}w;whz;L

5. gd;dpU jpUKiwfspy; Kjy; VGk; “\th; njthuk;” vdg;gLfpwJ.

jkpH;tpLJ}J

1. 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa';fspy; xd;W

2. fypbtz;ghtpy; ghlf;ToaJ

3. cah;jpizg; bghUs; my;yJ m@wpizg; bghUis J}jhf mDg;g[tJ

4. ,aw;wpath; bgah; mwpa ,aytpy;iy.

fyk;gfk;

1. 96 tif rpw;wpyf;fpa';fspy; xd;W

2. fyk; + gfk; = fyk;gfk;

3. 18cWg;g[fis bfhz;lJ.

4. fyk;= 12, gfk;= 6

5. fhyk; fp.gp.9k; E}w;whz;L

fypj;bjhif

1. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W

2. ehlfg; gh';fpy; mike;jJ

3. fypg;ghthy; ghlg;gl;lJ

4. Js;sy; Xiria cilaJ

5. Mrphpah; ey;ye;Jtdhh;

rPwhg;g[uzk;

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1. egpfs; ehafj;jpd; tuyhw;iw brhy;tJ

2. rPwh= thH;if

3. gpuhzk; =tuyhW

4. 3fhz;l';fis cilaJ

5. fhyk; fpgp 17k; E}w;whz;L

6. 5027 tpUj;jg;ghf;fis cilaJ

7. Mrphpah; ckWg;g[yth;

Vyhjp

1. gjpbdz;fPH; fzf;F E}y;fSs; xd;W

2. Mrphpah; fzpnkjhtpahh;

3. 81 btz;ghf;fis bfhz;lJ

4. 4mofis cilaJ

rpyg;gjpfhuk;

1. Mrphpah; ,s';nfhtofs;

2. 3fhz;l';fis cilaJ

3. Ik;bgU';fhg;gpa';fSs; xd;W

4. rpyk;g[+ mjpfhuk; = rpyg;gjpfhuk;

5. 30fhijfis cilaJ

6. ,ir, ehlfnk rpyg;gjpfhuf; fijapd; cUtkhFk;

7. Kg;bghUk; cz;ikfis czh;j;jf; ToaJ

8. ,jd; fhyk; fp.gp 2k; E}w;whz;L

fk;guhkhazk;.

1. Mrphpah; fk;gh;

2. 6fhz;l';fis cilaJ

3. uhk + mazk; = uhkhazk;

4. fk;gh; ,l;l bgah; uhk mtuhk;

5. ,e;j E}y; jkpFf;F fjp vdg; bgah; bgw;wJ

6. fhz;lk; vd;gJ bgUk;gphpt[

7. glyk; vd;gJ rpWgphpt[

ew;wpiz

1. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fspy; xd;W

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2. ey; vd;Dk; milbkhHp bgw;wJ

3. gy;ntW fhyf';fspy; gy;ntW g[yth;fshy; ghlg;bgw;w bjhFg;g[

4. 9mo rpwpa vy;iyfisa[k;, 12mo bghpa vy;iyfisz[k; bfhz;lJ

5. ew;wpiz ghly;fis bkhj;jk; 400

6. Mrphpah; - kpisfpHhd; ey;ntl;ldhh;

7. ,jid bjhFj;jth; gd;dhL je;j khwd; tGjp

8. mhp vd;w brhy;ypd; bghUs; bew;fjph;

g[wehD}W

1. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; xd;W

2. g[wg;bghUs; gw;wpa 400 ghly;fis cilaJ

3. g[wk; + ehd;F + E}W

4. r';f fhy kf;fs, ; kd;dh;fs; ,tPuk;, bfhil, g[fH; btw;wpfs; Mfpatw;iw ghLtJ

5. Mrphpah; bgah;-fz;zfdhh;

bghpa g[uhzk;

1. Mrphpah; bgah; nrf;fpHhh;

2. nrf;fpHhh; ,l;l bgah; jpUj;bjhz;lh;g[uhzk;

3. ghly;fs; midj;Jk; bja;t kzk; fkHf;ToaJ

4. moahh;fspd; tuyhw;iwf; TWtJ

5. cyfk;, caph,; flt[s; Mfpa \d;iwa[k; xU';nf fhl;Lk; fhtpak; vd jpU.tp.f

TWfpwhh;

ee;jpf;fyk;gfk;

1. ee;jp th;kdpd; bgUikia brhy;tJ

2. gy;yt kd;dd; \d;whk; ee;jpth;kid ghl;Lilj; jiytdhff; bfhz;lJ.

3. fyk;gf E}yfspy; ,Jnt Kjy; E}y;

4. fhyk; fp.gp.9k; E}w;whz;L

ehyhapu jpt;a gpue;jk;

1. itzt jpUkhiy KGKjw; flt[shf bfhz;L nghw;Wk; E}y;

2. gd;dpU MH:thh;fs; ghoa njdpDk; ,dpa jPe;jkpH:g; gDty;

3. fhyk; fp.gp.9k; E}w;whz;L

jpUf;Fws;

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1. jpU + Fws;

2. nkd;ikahd Fws; btz;ghf;fshy; MdJ.

3. cyfg;bghJkiw vdg; nghw;wg;gLfpwJ.

4. mwk;, bghUs,; ,d;gk; vd;w \d;W gphpt[fis bfhz;lJ

5. 9 ,ay;fis bfhz;lJ

6. 133 mjpfhu';fis bfhz;lJ

7. 1330 Fwl;ghf;fis bfhz;lJ

8. M';fpyk;, fpnuf;fk,; yj;jPd; Mfpa cyf bkhHpfspy; bkhHpbgah;f;fg;gl;lJ.

9. ,jd; bgUikia brhy;Yk; E}y; jpUts;St khiy

10. Mrphpah; jpUts;Sth;

bra;a[s; xU thp, ,uz;L thp tpdh-tpil

1. khzpf;fthrfh; gpwe;j Ch; - jpUthjt{h;

2. khzpf;fthrfh; ghly;fs; - 8k; jpUKiwapy; ,lk; bgw;Ws;sJ

3. khzpf;fthrfh; fl;oa nfhtpy; - jpUg;bgUe;Jiwapy; cs;sJ

4. khzpf;fthrfh; mhpkh;j;jd kd;dhplk; jiyik mikr;ruhf gzpahw;wpdhh;.

5. $p.a[.nghg; jpUthrfj;ij M';fpy bkhHpapy; bkhHpbgah;j;jhh;

6. jpUthrfj;jpw;F cUfhh; xUthrfj;jpw;Fk; cUfhh;

7. khzpf;fthrfiu mGJ moaile;j md;gh; vdyhk;

8. jpU vd;gJ E}ypd; rpwg;ig czh;j;j te;j milbkhHp

9. 100 ghly;fis bfhz;l E}y; rjfk;

10. itj;jpUKiwfs; 12

11. jpUts;Sthpd; ntW bgah;fs;

Kjw;ghyth;

bja;tg;g[yth;

bre;ehnghjhh;

bgha;apy;g[yth;

12.Ik;bgU';fhg;gpa';fs;

1. rpyg;gjpfhuk;

2. kzpnkfiy

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3. rPtfrpe;jhkzp

4. tisahgjp

5. Fz;lynfrp

13.fk;gh; vGjpa ntW E}y;fs;

1. rlnfhgh; me;jhjp

2. Vh;vGgJ

3. ru!;tjp me;jhjp

4. jpUf;if tHf;fk;

14.jkpGf;F fjp vdg;gl;l ,U E}y;fs;

jpUf;Fws,; fk;guhkhazk;

ciueil tpdhf;fs;

rhd;nwhh; el;g[f;f ctikahf brhy;yg;gLtd

bghd,; gtsk,; Kj;J, khzpf;fk;

rhd;nwhh;fs; rhd;nwhh; gf;fk; ,Ug;gh;, rhd;whz;ik ,y;yhjth; jPath; gf;fk; ,Ug;gh;.

bra;jpg;glk; vd;gJ cyfpy; gy;ntW gFjpfspy; elf;Fk; epfH;r;rpfis glkhf;fpf;

fhl;LtjhFk;.

tpsf;fg;glk; vd;gJ xU epfH;r;rpia kl;Lk; vLj;Jf; bfhz;L mijg; gw;wpa tpsf;fj;ij

jUtjhFk;.

fy;tpg;glk; vd;gJ fy;tp fw;gjw;bfd cUthf;fg;gLk; gl';fs; MFk;.

ehw;fuzk; vdg;gLtJ (Vh;fs;) MFk;.

kdk; , g[j;jp , rpj;jk;, mf';fhuk;

ehw;bghUs; vdg;gLtJ (tpisbghUs;fs; MFk;

mwk; ,bghUs,; ,d;gk;, tPL

taypd; tug;g[fs; vd;gJ

1. btz;gh

2. Mrphpag;gh

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3. t";rpg;gh

4. fypg;gh

ciueil xU thp tpdhf;fs;

1. Kjy; khe;jd; njhd;wpa ,lk; - Fkhp fz;lk;

2. vd;WKs bjd;jkpH; vd;wth; fk;gh;

3. jkpH; xd;nw gpwbkhHpr; brhw;fis ePf;fpdhYk; ,a';f ty;yJ

4. cyf bkhHpfSf;bfy;yhk; jhahf jpfH;fpwJ jkpH;

5. ,ay,; ,ir, ehlfk; vd;Dk; Kg;gphpt[fis bfhz;lJ jkpH;

6. jkpHh; mfk;, g[wk; vd;W thH;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jdh;

7. r';f ,yf;fpa';fspy; bkhj;j mofs; 26350

8. r';f ,yf;fpa';fis kf;fs; ,yf;fpa';fs; vdyhk.;

9. ,yf;fz E}y;fSs; kpfg; gHikahdJ bjhy;fhg;gpak;

10. ,d;iwa kJiuapy; \d;whk; jkpH;r; r';fk; ,Ue;jJ

11. Fkhpf;fz;lj;jpy; njhd;wpa Kjy; kdpjd; ngrpa bkhHp jkpH;

Kf;fpakhd ,yf;fzf; Fwpg;g[fs;

gz;g[j;bjhif

g[d;fz; ed;D}y;

bkd;fz; ed;fyk;

ey;byhGf;fk; mUtpiy

jPbahGf;fk; ,d;dKjk;

bgUk;bgah; ew;fwpfs;

bgU';Fo bts;bsapW

fL';nfhy; jpz;owy;

br';nfhyd; xz;bghUs;

ed;bkhHp vz;bghUs;

bre;jkpH; btz;FiH

br';fjph; bgU';fphp

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bgUthp

beLePh;

beLtha;

chpr;brhw;bwhlh; tpa';nfhs; tpidKw;W

jlf;if fhf;f, jUf, tUf

khjth; g[Ff, bfLf,

edpfoJ

khkiy

cWntdpy;

jlf;fhp

tpidj;bjhif cUtfk;

bra;tpid fukyk;

bgh';Ffly; fuzfkyk;

<d;FHtp

bghHpjUkzp

gidjU gUkzp

tUg[dy;

epjpjU ftpij

tpidahyiza[k; bgah; bjhHpw;bgah;

te;jth; bfhsy;

bgw;wpahh; thH;jy;

NH;thh; Js';fjy;

brw;whh; xGFjy;

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MH:thh; nehd;wy;

cilahd; bghWj;jy;

cuthh;

vz;Qk;ik md;bkhHpj;bjhif

njDk; kPDk; m';fzh;

gtsKk; kzpa[k;

ctikj;bjhif

kyh;nrto

<Wbfl;l vjph;kiw bgabur;rk; Cu vd;gJ tpspj;bjhlh;

brybthHpahtHp jHP,a vd;gJ brhy;ypir msbgil

kPsh Ms; cwhmik bra;a[spir msbgil

va;jh gHp

,yf;fz tpdhf;fs;

1. nghYk; kUSk; gapd;W tUtJ kfuf;FWf;fk; MFk;.

2. tUk; tz;o vd;gJ kfuf;FWf;fk.;

3. g@wPJ, K@oJ, f@wPJ gapd;W tUtJ Ma;jf;FWf;fk;.

4. th, fz;, g{, bra;jhd; vd;gitbay;yhk; jdpbkhHp.

5. glk; ghh;j;jhd,; epyk; fle;jhd;, rhg;gpl;L Koj;jhd; vd;gbjy;yhk; bjhlh;bkhHp

6. uhkd; te;jhd,; fz;zd; ele;jhd; vd;gdbty;yhk; tpidr;brhy;.

7. uhkd;, fz;zd; bgah;r;brhw;fs;.

8. te;jhd,; ele;jhd; tpidKw;Wfs;

9. mUsuR te;jhd;, tstd; ele;jhd; vd;gd tpidKw;Wf;fs.;

10. klf;bfho vd;gJ md;bkhHpj;bjhif

11. jlf;if vd;gJ chpr;brhw;bwhlh;

12. tUf, jUf, bfLf, thH;f, xHpf vd;gJ tpa';nfhs; tpidKw;W.

13. cFePh;, bra;bfhy;yd; vd;gd tpidj;bjhiffs;

14. mtd; bghd;dd; - Fwpg;g[ tpidKw;W

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15. mtd; ey;yd; - Fwpg;g[ tpidKw;W

16. fay;tpHp goj;jhs; nfhij brd;whs; vd;gd vr;rk; MFk;.

17. goj;j fay;tpHp, brd;w nfhij vd;gd bgabur;rk;

18. te;j igaid ghh;j;J fz;zd; epd;whd; - bjhpepiy bgabur;rk;

19. ey;y igad; -Fwpg;g[ bgabur;rk;

20. goj;J te;jhd;, brd;W nfl;lhd;, Xor; brd;whd,; ngha; ghh;j;jhd; vd;gd tpidbar;rk;

21. cz;l ,s';nfhtd; - cld;ghL, cz;zhj ,s';nfhtd; - vjph;kiw

22. goj;J te;jhd,; Xor; brd;whd; vd;gd ,we;jfhy tpidbar;rk;.

23. ey;y khztd; cld;ghL , jPakhztd; - vjph;kiw

24. goj;J tUfpd;whd;, Xor; bry;fpd;whd; - epfH;fhy tpidbar;rk;

25. goj;J tUthd;, Xor; bry;thd; vd;gJ vjph;fhy tpdibar;rk;

26. bky;y ngrpdhd;, fz;zd; nehapd;wp thH;e;jhd; - Fwpg;g[ tpidbar;rk;

27. ee;jpdp te;jds;, nghapds; - Kw;bwr;rk;

28. cyfpy; gz;ghl;oy; jkpH;ehLjhd; jiyrpwe;J tps';Ffpd;wJ btspg;gilahFk;.

29. g{g;ge;J tpisahl;oy; jkpH;ehL Kjyplk; te;jJ - Fwpg;g[

cah;jpizapy; xd;bwhHp bghJr;brhy;

v.fh 1)tPl;od; Kd; Ith; nfhykpl;ldh.;

2)ehl;ilf;fhf;f Ith; nghh;f;fsk; brd;wdh;

3)Ith; vd;gJ bgz;ghiyf; Fwpf;Fk;

Ith; vd;gJ Mz;ghiyf; Fwpf;Fk;

32)m@wpizapy; xd;bwhHp bghJr; brhy;

v.fh ,k;khL taypy; cGfpwJ vd;w bjhlhpy; khL vd;gJ cGtijf; Fwpf;fpwJ

,k;khL ghy; fwf;fpwJ vd;w bjhlhpy; khL vd;gJ fwf;fpwJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpwJ.

33),d';Fwpj;jypy; vLj;Jf;fhl;L

fjph;nty; btw;wpiy jpd;whd;

34)nrhW cz;lhd; vd;gJ ,dk; Fwpj;jy; MFk;

35)mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

1. md;nw md;nw -mirt[ epiy fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

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2. ngh ngh- tpiut[ fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

3. vwp vwp - rpdk; fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

4. tUf tUf - kfpH;r;rp fuhzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

5. jP jP jP - mr;rk; fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

6. behe;njd; behe;njd; - Jd;gk; fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

7. nfho nfho nfho- ,irepiw fhuzkhf te;j mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

36),ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ gphpj;jhy; bghUs; juhJ

v.fh 1)ghit gl glbtd ngrpdhs;

2)fyh fyfyntd rphpj;jhs;

,ul;ilf;fpstp vd;gJ ,uz;L brhy; MFk;

37)brhw;fs; jdpj;jdpahf epw;gJ mLf;Fj; bjhlh;

brhw;fs; xd;Wgl;L epw;gJ ,ul;ilf;fpstp

gphpj;jhy; bghUs; jUtU mLf;Fj; bjhlh; MFk;

38)fy;, kz; vd;gJ btspg;ilr; brhw;fs; MFk;

39),Uth; FHe;ij bgw;wdh; vd;gJ Fwpg;g[r; brhy; MFk;

40)tpdh tif

1. jpUf;Fwis ,aw;wpaJ ahh; vd Mrphpah; khztdplk; nfl;gJ mwptpdh

2. vl;Lj;bjhif E}y;fSs; g[wk; gw;wpad vit vd khztd; nfl;gJ mwptpdh

3. m';nf fplg;gJ ghk;ngh? fapnwh? vdf; nfl;gJ Ia tpdh MFk.;

4. gUg;g[ cs;sjh? ed;D}y; fpilf;Fkh? jpUf;Fws; fpilf;fkh? vd tpdt[k; tpdh

bfhsy; tpdh

5. khzth;fns c';fSf;F rPUil ,y;iynah? vd;W nfl;gJ bfhil tpdh

6. kdg;ghlr; bra;a[is goj;jhah? KUfd; rhg;gpl;lhah? vd;W nfl;gJ Vty; tpdh

41)tpil tif

1. tpdhtpw;F Vw;g tpilaspg;gJjhd; bkhHpeilapd; rpwg;g[

2. ,iw, brg;g,[ gjpy; vd;gd tpilapd; ntW bgah;fs; MFk.;

3. brd;idf;F tHp ahJ? kJiuf;F tHp ahJ? vd tpdt ,J vd;W Rl;LtJ Rl;Ltpil

4. kiw tpil vd;gJ vjph;kWj;Jf; TWjy; tpilahFk;

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5. ,ij bra;thah vd tpdt bra;nad; vdr; brhy;tJ kiwtpil

6. neh;tpil vd;gJ cld;ghl;Lf; TWjy; MFk;.

7. ,J bra;thah vd;W ePna bra; vd;W Vt[tJ Vty; tpil MFk;

8. ,J bra;thah vd;W tpdt bra;ahky; ,Ug;ngdh vd tpdhit tpilahf TWtJ

vjph;tpdhjy; tpil MFk;.

9. ,J bra;thah vd;W tpdt clk;g[ behe;jJ vd;W TWtJ cw;wJ ciuj;jy; MFk;.

10. ,J bra;thah vd;W tpdt if typf;fk; vd;W TWtJ cWtJ Twy;

11. ,dkhd xd;iwf; TWtJ ,dbkhHp tpil MFk;

v.fh MLthah vd;W tpdt ghLntd; vd;W brhy;tJ

12. Rl;L, kiw, neh; _d;Wk; btspg;gil tpilfs;

13. Vty,; tpdh vjph; tpdhjy,; cw;wJ ciuj;jy,; cWtJ Twy,; ,dbkhHp Mfpa Ie;Jk;

Fwpg;ghy; tpilia czh;j;Jtd.

42)xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp

xU bghUisa[k; jUk; gy brhw;fs; bjhlh;tJ xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp MFk;.

v.fh) cah;e;njh';fp, FHp jhH;e;J, eL ikak,; kPkpir "hapW jpUkhy; Fd;wk,;

cah;e;njh';fp epw;fpwJ, me;j ViHf; FHe;ijapd; fz;fs,; FHpjhH;e;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd

vd;gdt[k; xU bghUl; gd;bkhHp MFk;.

43)ctk cUg[fs;

jkpH;r;bry;tp Fapy;nghy ghodhs; -,jpy; nghy vd;gJ ctk cUg[ MFk.;

44)ctik, ctnkak; Mfpa ,uz;ow;Fk; ,ilapy; tUtJ ctk cUg[ MFk;.

45)nta;g[iunjhs; = g[iua vd;gJ ctk cUg[ MFk;

46)jhbahg;g ngRk; kfs;- ,jpy; xg;g vd;gJ ctk cUg[

47)KHt[ cwH; jlf;if- cwH vd;gJ ctk cUg[

48)kyud;d nrto- ,jpy; md;d vd;gJ ctk cUg[

49)ctk cUg[ btspg;gilahf tUtJ tphpa[tik MFk.;

v.fh njd; nghd;w bkhHp

50)ctik ctnkak,; vd;w ,uz;ow;Fk; ,ilapy; ctk cUg[ kiwe;J tUtJ bjhif

ctik vd;g;gLk.;

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51)ctik vdg;gLtJ xU bghUis ,ij tpl rpwe;j kw;bwhU bghUnshL xg;gpl;Lf;

TWtJ MFk;.

52)cUtfk; vd;gJ ctkhdj;ija[k,; ctnkaj;ija[k; ntWgLj;jhJ ,uz;ow;Fk; xd;nw

vd;W TWtJ

53)ctik - cUtfk;

mKjbkhHp - bkhHpaKJ

faw;fz; - fz;fay;

nd;jkpH; - jkpH;njd;

g{tpuy; - tpuy;g{

kjpKfk; - Kfkjp

kyuo - mokyh;

Kj;Jg;gy; - gy;Kj;J

tpw;g[Utk; - g[Uttpy;

kyh;ghjk; - ghjkyh;

gtstha; - tha;g;gtsk;

54)bghUs; ,yf;fzk;

1. bghUs; vd;gJ xHf;fKiw

2. thH;tpaYf;F ,yf;fzk; tFj;jth; jkpHh;

3. bghUs; ,yf;fzk; mfk,; g[wk; vd ,Utifg;gLk;

4. jiytd,; jiytp gw;wpa xGf;fj;ijg; gw;wp TWtJ mfj;jpiz

5. mfj;jpiz VG tifg;gLk;

6. Fwp";rp, Ky;iy, kUjk;, bea;jy,; ghiy, iff;fpis,

7. bghUe;jpiz

8. md;gpd; Ie;jpizfs; Iw;J - Fwp";rp, Ky;iy, kUjk;, bea;jy,; ghiy,

9. mfg;bghUs;fSf;Fhpa Kg;bghUs;fs; - Kjy;bghUs;,

10. fUg;bghUs,; chpg;bghUs;

11. Kjy;bghUs; vdg;gLtJ epyKk; bghGJk; vdg;gLk;

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12. epyk; Ie;J tifg;gLk.;

13. bghGJ ,uz;L tifg;gLk.; rpW bghGJ, bgUk; bghGJ

12.rpWbghGJ

fhiy

ez;gfy; - ghiyepyj;jpw;FhpaJ

vw;ghL - bea;jy; epyj;jpw;FhpaJ

khiy - Ky;iy epyj;jpw;FhpaJ

ahkk; - Fwp";rp epyj;jpw;FhpaJ

itfiw - kUj epyj;jpw;FhpaJ

13)bgUk;bghGJ

Fwp";rp - Fsph;fhyk;, Kd;gdpf;fhyk;

Ky;iy - fhh;fhyk;

kUjk; - MW bgUk; bghGJfs;

bea;jy; - MW bgUk; bghGJfs;

ghiy - ,sntdpw; fhyk; KJntdpw;fhyk; gpd;gdpfhyk;

14)fhh;fhyj;jpd; khj';fs; - Mtzp, g[ul;lhrp

15)Fsph;fhyj;jpd; khj';fs; - Ig;grp, fhh;j;jpif

16)Kd;gdpf;fhyj;jjpd; khj';fs; - khh;fHp ,ij

17)gpd;gdpf;fhyj;jpd; khj';fs; - khrp, g';Fdp

18),sntdpw; fhyj;jpd; khj';fs; - rpj;jpiu, itfhrp

19)KJntdpw; fhyj;jpd; khj';fs; - Mdp, Mo

20)rpWbghGjpd; fhy';fs;

fhiy -fhiy 6 kzp Kjy; 10 kzptiu

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ez;gfy; -fhiy 10 kzp Kjy; 2 kzp tiu

vw;ghL- gpw;gfy; 2kzp Kjy; 6kzp tiu

khiy -khiy 6kzp Kjy; 10kzptiu

ahkk;- ,ut[ 10kzp Kjy; 2kzp tiu

itfiw- ,ut[ 2kzp Kjy; fhiy 6kzp tiu

21)fUg;bghUs;fs;

bja;tk; , kf;fs; , czt[,tpy';F Mfpa vy;yhk;

fUg;bghUs;fs; MFk;

bja;tk;

Fwp";rp - KUfd;

Ky;iy - jpUkhy;

kUjk; - ,e;jpud;

bea;jy; - tUzd;

ghiy - bfhw;wit

22)kf;fs;

Fwp";rp - btw;gd;

Ky;iy - njhd;wy; , Mah,; Mr;rpah;

kUjk; - Cud; , cHth;

bea;jy; - nrh;g;gd; , gujd,; guj;jpah;

ghiy - vapdh; -vapw;wpah;

23)czt[

Fwp";rp - kiy bey; jpiz

Ky;iy - tuF, rhik

kUjk; - bre;bey; , btz;bzy;

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bea;jy; - kPd;

ghiy - fsthoa bghUs;

24)tpy';F

Fwp";rp - g[yp, fuo, rp';fk;

Ky;iy - Kay; , khd,; g[yp

kUjk; - vUik, ePh; , eha;

bea;jy; - Kjiy ,Rwh

ghiy - typapHe;j ahid

25)g[wg;bghUs;

g[wk;gw;wpa bra;jpfis TWtJ g[wj;jpdz MFk;. g[wj;jpiz 12 tifg;gLk;

1. Mepiuia fth;tJ-btl;rpj;jpiz

2. Mepiuia kPl;gJ -fue;ijj; jpiz

3. kz;zhir fhuzkhf nghh; bjhLg;gJ- t";rpj;jpiz

4. ehl;ilf; ifg;gw;w khw;W murndhL nghhpLtJ fh";rpj;jpiz

5. kjpiyf;(vapiy) fhg;gJ behr;rpj;jpiz

6. kjpiyf; ifg;gw;Wjy;- cHpi" jpiz

7. btw;wp xd;iwf; Fwpf;nfhshf bfhz;L nghhpLtJ- Jk;igj; jpiz

8. btw;wp bgw;w kd;dh;fs; No kfpH;tJ- thifj; jpiz

9. Mz; kfdpd; bfhil, tPuk; ,g[fH; , gw;wp ghLtJ- ghlhz; jpiz

10. btl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; jpiz tiu brhy;yg;glhj bra;jpfis bjhFj;J brhy;tJ

bghJtpay; jpiz

11. xUjiyf; fhkk; vd;gJ iff;fpis MFk;.

K. Kdpahz;o/ vk;.V./ vk;.V./ vk;.V./ vk;.gpy;./ gp.vl;./

jiyikahrpupah;/

muR cah;epiyg;gs;sp/

fk;ghsp - 626 129.

tpUJefh; khtl;lk;.

9442071871.