things to know htyh

8/6/2019 Things to Know HTYH

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Things to know HTYH

- Most common assisted reproduction method = IVF.The use of medical

techniques, such as drug therapy, artificial insemination, or in vitro

fertilization, to enhance fertility.

- The sickle cell disease is common to which minority? 1 in 12 AfricanAmericans have one sickle cell gene; a blood disorder that is passed down from

parents to children. It involves problems with the red blood cells. Normal red

blood cells are round and smooth and move through blood vessels easily. Sickle

cells are hard and have a curved edge. These cells can't get through small

blood vessels, which keeps the organs from getting blood. Your body destroys

sickle red cells quickly, but sometimes it can't make new red blood cells fast

enough. This is a condition called anemia. Sickle cell anemia can cause serious

health problems.

- Know what holistic health is = Holistic health is a philosophy of medical

care that views physical and mental and spiritual aspects of life as

closely interconnected and equally important approaches to treatment.

While frequently associated with alternative medicine, it may also be used in

medical practice as part of a broad view of patient care. Holistic health is not

itself a method of treatment, but is an approach to how treatment

should be applied. Holistic concepts ofhealth and fitness view achieving and

maintaining good health as requiring more than just taking care of the various

singular components that make up the physical body, additionally incorporating

aspects such as emotional and spiritual well-being. The goal is a wellness that

encompasses the entire person, rather than just the lack of physical pain or

disease. This means that not feeling sick, does not necessarily mean you are

well, just that you are between Well and Sick; the Holistic approach focuseson the cause.

- What is the most common kind of arthritis? The most common kind of arthritis

is known as Osteoarthritis, and it's generally caused by age. Sometimes

Osteoarthritis can be caused by other things though, such as an injury to the

joints, or added stress on the joints which is caused by intense impact exercise

and activity, or carrying extra weight.

- What is the basal metabolic rate? Basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the

closely related resting metabolic rate (RMR), is the amount ofenergy

expended while at rest in a neutrally temperate environment, in the

post-absorptive state (meaning that the digestive system is inactive, which

requires about twelve hours offasting in humans). The release of energy in this

state is sufficient only for the functioning of the vital organs, such as the heart,

lungs, brain and the rest of the nervous system, liver, kidneys, sex organs,

muscles and skin. BMR decreases with age and with the loss of lean body mass.

Increasing muscle mass increases BMR. Aerobic fitness level, a product of

cardiovascular exercise, while previously thought to have effect on BMR, has

been shown in the 1990s not to correlate with BMR, when fat-free body mass
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was adjusted for. New research[citation needed] has however come to light which

suggests aerobic exercise does increase resting energy consumption (see

"Aerobic vs. anaerobic exercise"). Illness, previously consumed food and

beverages, environmental temperature, and stress levels can affect one's overall

energy expenditure as well as one's BMR.

- Know that the Epstein-Barr virus cause multiple sclerosis =The Epstein-Barr virus is the virus that causes mononucleosis ("mono"), the so-

called "kissing disease." For a while, the Epstein-Barr virus has been

suspected of having a role in multiple sclerosis, though this was (and still is) far

from proven.Young adults with high levels of antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus

appear to be at increased risk for developing multiple sclerosis later in life, new

research suggests.The findings add to the evidence implicating the common

virus as a possible trigger for multiple sclerosis, a neurological disease of the

central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves), which affects some

400,000 Americans.

-The early symptoms of Alzheimer are often confused with which disorder?

Bipolar, depression?? Alzheimers disease is the most common form of

dementia, a serious brain disorder that impacts daily living through memory loss

and cognitive changes. Alzheimers is a degenerative disease, progressing from

mild forgetfulness to widespread neurological impairment and ultimately death.

Chemical and structural changes in the brain gradually destroy the ability to

create, remember, learn, reason, and relate to others. As critical cells die,

drastic personality loss occurs and body systems fail.

- How is the target heart rate calculated? What is it based on? Your target heart

rate isn't one rate but a range of rates (beats per minute, or bpm), expressed

as percentages of your maximum heart rate, that are safe for you to reach

during exercise. For most healthy people, the American Heart Associationrecommends an exercise target heart rate ranging from 50% to 75% of your

maximum heart rate, which is normally calculated as the number 220

minus your age.

- Know what cremation is = Cremation is the process of reducing human

remains to basic chemical compounds in the form of gases and bone fragments.

This is accomplished through high temperatures and vaporization.[1] Contrary to

popular belief, the cremated remains are not ashes in the usual sense, but

rather dried bone fragments that have been pulverized in a device

called an electric cremated remains processor. This leaves the bone in a

fine sand like texture and colour, able to be scattered without any foreign matter- Know the difference between a living will and a health proxy = Both a living will

and a health care proxy are forms of Advance Directives. The living will

details what you would like to have done for you in the event that you

are unable to tell someone yourself. For example, "I would like to have CPR,

or I would like to have a feeding tube." A health care proxy is someone that

you name that will make these decisions for you in the event you are

unable to make them yourself. Example: "I would like my mother to make my
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decisions." The health care proxy would only have the power to make decisions

if you could not, for example if you were in a coma.

- Know what acute alcohol intoxication is = Acute alcohol intoxication can

result from a high level ofalcohol in the bloodstream, accompanied by extreme

drunkenness. The term acute alcohol intoxication is used by healthcare

providers, often in emergencies.- Know what the daily recommended dose of aspirin is to reduce heart attack

risks = The USPSTF also looked into the optimal dose of aspirin for primary

preventive purposes in 2009. They concluded that the low doses of 75-100mg

daily were as effective as higher doses in preventing vascular disease and less

associated with bleeding complications.

- The life expectancy of alcoholics is how many years less than the regular

population? Unknown; will have to apply logic to this one. FYI

USA life expectancy genetically

Male Female

All races 81.6 84.5

Black 79.6 83

White 81.6 84.5

- Know the "gateaway" drugs: alcohol, tobacco, cannabis = it's a drug that, supposedly,

leads to the person progressing on to progressively harder drugs.

- Know the definition of physical addiction = The term "addiction" is used in manycontexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or excessive psychological dependence, such as:

drug addiction (e.g. alcoholism, nicotine addiction),problem gambling,crime,money,work

addiction, compulsive overeating,computer addiction,video game addiction,pornographyaddiction, television addiction, etc. The term addiction is also sometimes applied to compulsions

that are not substance-related, such as problem gambling and computer addiction. In these kinds

of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurringcompulsion by anindividual to engage in some specific activity, despite harmful consequences, as deemed by the

user himself to his or her individual health, mental state or social life. Physical dependence on a

substance is defined by the appearance of characteristic withdrawalsymptoms when thesubstance is suddenly discontinued. Opiates,benzodiazepines,barbiturates, alcoholandnicotine

induce physical dependence. On the other hand, some categories of substances share thisproperty and are still not considered addictive: cortisone,beta blockers and mostantidepressantsare examples. So, while physical dependency can be a major factor in the psychology of

addiction and most often becomes a primary motivator in the continuation of an addiction, the

initial primary attribution of an addictive substance is usually its ability to induce pleasure,

although with continued use the goal is not so much to induce pleasure as it is to relieve theanxiety caused by the absence of a given addictive substance, causing it to become used

compulsively.
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- Know what the overload principle is = This is probably the most important principleof exercise and training. Simply stated, the Overload Principle means that the bodywill adapt to the stresses placed upon it. The more you do, the more you arecapable of doing. This is how all the training adaptations occur in exercise andtraining. The human body is an amazing machine. When you stress the body through

lifting a weight that the body is unaccustomed to lifting, the body will react by causingphysiologic changes to be able to handle that stress the next time it occurs. Thisconcept is similar in cardiovascular training. If you ask the heart, lungs and endurancemuscles to do work not previously done, it will make changes to the body to be able tohandle that task better the next time. This is how people get stronger, bigger, faster andincrease their physical fitness level.- Know the infection stages: incubation, prodromal, clinical, decline, recovery- Know what hospice care is- Know that chicken pox is caused by the herpes virus- Know that the body obtains its nutrients through the digestion process- At how many months does the fetus start moving? From the 3rd month of pregnancy thebaby may open and close its mouth and start moving its hands, legs, and head. At this point, however,

you will not feel this movement.Your baby is now 4 inches long (10 centimeters) and weighs just a littleover 1 ounce (over 28 grams). This is the end of the first trimester of pregnancy. The baby is nowcalled a fetus. From the 4th month of pregnancy the baby moves, kicks, sleeps, wakes, swallows, andpasses urine.Your baby is now sleeping for about 20 to 30 minutes at a time. Fetal movement will bemost obvious when you're sitting or lying down. You may start to feel a slight sensation of movementin your lower abdomen. This feeling is like bubbles or fluttering. When you first feel the baby'smovement (called quickening), write down the date. This date helps the doctor determine when yourbaby is due.

- What is a expected post-abortion symptom? vomiting, or vaginal bleeding, orstomach swelling- Know the definition of schizophrenia =

psychiatric disorder with symptoms of withdrawal into self: a severe

psychiatric disorder with symptoms of emotional instability, detachment fromreality, and withdrawal into the self

offensive term: an offensive term for a state characterized by contradictory or

conflicting attitudes, behavior, or qualities ( insult)

- Know Maslow = Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory inpsychology, proposed by

Abraham Maslowin his 1943 paperA Theory of Human Motivation,[2] which he subsequently

extended to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs is predetermined in order of importance.[5]It is often depicted as a

pyramid consisting of five levels: the lowest level is associated with physiological needs, whilethe uppermost level is associated with self-actualization needs, particularly those related to

identity and purpose. The higher needs in this hierarchy only come into focus when the lowerneeds in the pyramid are met. Once an individual has moved upwards to the next level, needs in

the lower level will no longer be prioritized. If a lower set of needs is no longer being met, the

individual will temporarily re-prioritize those needs by focusing attention on the unfulfilledneeds, but will not permanently regress to the lower level. For instance, a businessman at the

esteem level who is diagnosed with cancer will spend a great deal of time concentrating on his
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health (physiological needs), but will continue to value his work performance (esteem needs) and

will likely return to work during periods of remission.[6]

- Know what the fight/flight response is = The "fight-or-flight response", also called the"fight-or-flight-or-freeze response", the "fright, fight or flight response", "hyperarousal" or

the "acute stress response", was first described by Walter Cannon in 1929.[1][2][3] His theory

states that animals react tothreats with a general discharge of the sympathetic nervous system,priming the animal forfightingorfleeing. This response was later recognized as the first stage of

ageneral adaptation syndrome that regulates stress responses among vertebrates and other

organisms- Know Selye's general adaptation syndrome and the 3 stages of stress (alarm,

resistance, exhaustion) = Stage 1: The Alarm ReactionFirst is the alarm reaction. We are all familiar with the heightened reactionwe feel when weve narrowly avoided a traffic accident, or the nervous anxiety thatconsumes us before taking a test or speaking in public. All those primitive reflexes kick in,from the sweaty palms and goose bumps, to the quivering tense muscles and shortness ofbreath.

Stage 2: The Stage of Resistance

It now appears that most of us are walking around in this stage.

We get stuck in this stage when stress occurs over a length of time.Most would agree life is already stressful before even considering some of the high-stresschallenges we must endure. Intense situations like demanding jobs, rigorous schooling,long-term troubled or dysfunctional relationships, prolonged illnesses or auto accidentrehabilitation.

To survive, we somehow find a balance or equilibrium that allows us to function day after

day under the pressure. The surge of the alarm reaction is dampened, but our engines areconstantly idling in a perpetual low-level fight or flight. In Kinesiology we call this state"balanced imbalanced".

In order to cope, we subconsciously redefine this continually stressed state as normal,'despite the negative consequences of the constant drain on our system.

Stage 3: Stage of ExhaustionAfter prolonged stress, the system resources become depleted. This is classic burn out,with fatigue, adrenal exhaustion and a weakened immune system. The physical signs ofalarm can reappear and the system shuts down, becomes debilitated and ultimately death

may even occur.

In his book Why Zebras Dont Get Ulcers, Robert Sapolsky presents evidence that its notthe depletion or exhaustion but the stress response itself that ultimately causes the body tobreak down.

As he clearly points out, "If you repeatedly turn on the stress-response, or if you cannotappropriately turn (it) off at the end of a stressful event, the stress-response can eventually
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become nearly as damaging as (the) stressors themselves. A large percentage of what wethink of (as) stress-related diseases are disorders of excessive stress-response."

- Know the stages of dying =

Denial "I feel fine."; "This can't be happening, not to me."

Denial is usually only a temporary defense for the individual. This feeling is generally replaced

with heightened awareness of situations and individuals that will be left behind after death.[1]

Anger "Why me? It's not fair!"; "How can this happen to me?"; "Who is to blame?"

Once in the second stage, the individual recognizes that denial cannot continue. Because of

anger, the person is very difficult to care for due to misplaced feelings of rage and envy. Any

individual that symbolizes life or energy is subject to projected resentment and jealousy.[1]

Bargaining "Just let me live to see my children graduate."; "I'll do anything for a few more

years."; "I will give my life savings if..."

The third stage involves the hope that the individual can somehow postpone or delay death.

Usually, the negotiation for an extended life is made with a higher power in exchange for areformed lifestyle. Psychologically, the person is saying, "I understand I will die, but if I could

just have more time..."[1]

Depression "I'm so sad, why bother with anything?"; "I'm going to die . . . What's the point?";"I miss my loved one, why go on?"

During the fourth stage, the dying person begins to understand the certainty of death. Because of

this, the individual may become silent, refuse visitors and spend much of the time crying and

grieving. This process allows the dying person to disconnect oneself from things of love and

affection. It is not recommended to attempt to cheer up an individual who is in this stage. It is animportant time for grieving that must be processed.[1]

Acceptance "It's going to be okay."; "I can't fight it, I may as well prepare for it."

This final stage comes with peace and understanding of the death that is approaching. Generally,the person in the fifth stage will want to be left alone. Additionally, feelings and physical pain

may be non-existent. This stage has also been described as the end of the dying struggle.[1]

-K Now what THC is (in cannabis) = Cannabis, known as marijuana, marihuana,[2] and

ganja (from Sanskrit: gaj, meaning "hemp"), among many other namesa[] refers to anynumber ofpreparations of theCannabisplant intended for use as apsychoactive drug. The most

common form of cannabis used as a drug is the dried herbal form. The three main forms ofcannabis products are the herb (marijuana), resin (hashish), and oil (hash oil). The UNODC

states that marijuana often contains 5% THC content, resin "can contain up to 20% THC

content", and that "Cannabis oil may contain more than 60% THC content."[35]

- KNow the different narcotics/opioids = The analgesic (pain relieving) effects of opioids

are due to decreased perception of pain, decreased reaction to pain as well as increased pain

tolerance. The side effects of opioids includesedation,respiratory depression, and constipation.

Opioids can cause cough suppression, which can be both an indication for opioid administration
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or an unintended side effect. Physical dependence can develop with ongoing administration of

opioids, leading to a withdrawal syndrome with abrupt discontinuation. Opioids can produce a

feeling of euphoria, and this effect, coupled with physical dependence, can lead to recreationaluse of opioids by some individuals. However, misuse of opioids in this manner is uncommon in

patients prescribed opioids for the treatment of pain. Sometimes narcotics are called opiates.

They are called this because they are made from the thick white syrup in unripe seed pod of anAsian plant called the opium poppy. Sometimes they are used as pain medication. Some people

use them for fun. Some examples of narcotics are opium, morphine, and methadone. Heroin is

the most used- Know the basic combinations of food (incomplete proteins) that make up complete

proteins. I remember 2 choices: corn and beans, or rice and chicken = Incompleteproteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids. Sources of incomplete proteininclude beans, peas, nuts, seeds, and grain. A small amount of incomplete protein isalso found in vegetables.

Complete proteins contain all nine essentialamino acids. Complete proteins are found in animal

foods such as meat, fish, poultry, eggs, milk, and milk products such as yogurt and cheese.Soybeans are the only plant protein considered to be a complete protein.

Combinations to Create Complete Proteins

Combine Grains andLegumes

Combine Grains andNuts/Seeds

Combine Legumes andNuts/Seeds

Peanut butter on whole-wheat bread

Whole-wheat bun withsesame seeds

Humus (chickpeas andsesame paste)

Rice and beansBreadsticks rolled withsesame seeds

Trail mix (peanuts andsunflower seeds)

Bean soup and a rollRice cakes with peanutbutter

Salad with chickpeas andcornbread

- Know the complex proteins = a protein that contains a simple protein and at least onemolecule of another substance, as a glycoprotein, lipoprotein, nucleoprotein, or hemoglobin.

Proteins are complex organic compounds. The basic structure of protein is a chain ofamino acids.- Know about high density lipoproteins and low density lipoproteins =Lipoproteins are the building blocks of cholesterol. They are generallycategorized as low density or high density. The low density lipoproteins, LDLcholesterol, are considered the bad cholesterol and need to belower than 200 mg/dL of blood. High density lipoproteins or HDL areconsidered good. Lipoproteins have an important role in building cells inthe body. In addition the HDL cholesterol acts as a cleansing agent for thebuild up of LDL cholesterol in the arteries. That is why many therapies tomanage cholesterol are designed to raise HDL cholesterol to above40 mg/dL and lower LDL cholesterol.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_drug_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_drug_usehttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002222.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002222.htmhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002222.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dependencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Withdrawal_syndromehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_drug_usehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recreational_drug_usehttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/002222.htm


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- Know about trans fat = Trans fat is the common name for unsaturated fatwith trans-isomer fatty acid(s). Trans fats may be monounsaturated orpolyunsaturated but never saturated. Unsaturated fat is a fat molecule,containing one or more double bonds between the carbon atoms. Since thecarbons are double-bonded to each other, there are fewer bonds connectedto hydrogen, so there are fewer hydrogen atoms, hence "unsaturated". Unlike

other dietary fats, trans fats are not essential, and they do not promote goodhealth.[1] The consumption of trans fats increases one's risk ofcoronary heartdisease[2] by raising levels of "bad" LDL cholesterol and lowering levels of"good" HDL cholesterol.[3] Health authorities worldwide recommend thatconsumption of trans fat be reduced to trace amounts. Trans fats frompartially hydrogenated oils are more harmful than naturally occurring oils- Know the different kinds of exercises in fitness = Strength:Strength trainingkeeps your muscles toned. It can also build them up (bodybuilding). To become stronger, your muscles

need to work against some kind of resistance, Flexibility:flexibility allows you to move your musclesand joints through the full range of motion. Being flexible also helps reduce the chance of muscle injury.,Endurance: Endurance refers to how long you can keep performing an activity without tiring. Aerobicexercisestrengthens your heart and lungs, which in turn increases your endurance. It is also the best type of

activity for burning calories and fat, and can help reduce your risk for diabetes, heart disease and high bloodpressure.

- Know the most common kind of stroke = A stroke is serious - just like a heartattack. A stroke is sometimes called a "brain attack." Most often, stroke occurs whenblood flow to the brain stops because it is blocked by a clot. The brain cells in theimmediate area begin to die because they stop getting the oxygen and nutrients they

need to function. There are two kinds of stroke. The most common kind of stroke iscalled ischemic stroke. It accounts for approximately 80 percent of all strokes. Anischemic stroke is caused by a blood clot that blocks or plugs a blood vessel inthe brain- Know what active immunity is = Passive immunity is acquired throughtransfer of antibodies or activated T-cells from an immune host, and is shortlived, usually lasts only a few months, whereas active immunity is induced

in the host itself by antigen, and lasts much longer, sometimes life-long. Thediagram below summarizes these divisions of immunity.

- Know about multiple sclerosis = Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a potentiallydebilitating disease in which your body's immune system eats away at theprotective sheath that covers your nerves. This interferes with the communicationbetween your brain and the rest of your body. Ultimately, this may result indeterioration of the nerves themselves, a process that's not reversible.- Know that the HIV virus attacks the helper T cells

Addl FYI - -

Presbyopia, which occurs in people as they enter their forties, is the declining ability to focus on closeobjects. The condition occurs because the eye lens is no longer able to expand and contract because of a lackof elasticity. Astigmatism results in blurred vision and occurs due to an irregular curve of the cornea.

In the U.S., the majority of AIDS cases are the result of sexual activity between men. Injection drug use andheterosexual activity are the next most common, while cases caused by blood transfusions account for only asmall percentage, especially since blood screening tests have been in place.

Tropospheric ozone occurs when hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, and other particles interact withsunlight to produce smog. PAHs, fossil fuels, and greenhouse gases are not directly related to the buildup of
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-trans_isomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-trans_isomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-trans_isomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monounsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-p423-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-p504-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-p504-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-2http://www.pamf.org/teen/healthinfo/?A=C&type=info&hwid=ftpln&section=ta1596http://www.pamf.org/teen/healthinfo/?A=C&type=info&hwid=ftpln&section=ta1596http://www.pamf.org/teen/healthinfo/?A=C&type=info&hwid=ftpln&section=ta1596http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis-trans_isomerismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monounsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyunsaturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturated_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-p423-0http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_heart_diseasehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-p504-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-density_lipoproteinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trans_fat#cite_note-2http://www.pamf.org/teen/healthinfo/?A=C&type=info&hwid=ftpln&section=ta1596http://www.pamf.org/teen/healthinfo/?A=C&type=info&hwid=ftpln&section=ta1596


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smog.

Approximately 3 million new cases of chlamydia occur each year in the U.S.; gonorrhea accounts for700,000 new cases every year. Chancroid is rare in the U.S., and syphilis accounts for about 10,000 new caseseach year.

Physiological stress responses include increased cardiac function, adrenaline levels, and blood cellproduction. When faced with stressful situations, people experience tense muscles, fast heart rate, sweating,and rapid breathing.

The vena cava carries blood to the right upper chamber of the heart . The pulmonary artery carries bloodfrom the heart to the lungs, and the aorta sends oxygenated blood to all parts of the body.

More deaths occur from ovarian cancer than cervical and uterine cancers combined, even though ovariancancer is relatively rare. Ovarian cancer is deadly because it cannot be detected by normal screening methods,and diagnosis is often too late for treatment.

Lung cancer is responsible for over 160,000 deaths each year and has surpassed breast cancer deaths,which are about 40,000 annually. Although skin cancer and colon cancer can be fatal, the survival rates of both

are high.

Pregnancy tests detect the presence of HCG. These chemical tests may be performed two weeks afterfertilization and are generally considered very reliable

Gateway drugs are those that introduce young people to mind-altering drugs. Tobacco, marijuana, andalcohol are easy to obtain and may cause young people to try drugs that are more addictive later.Amphetamines are a type of drug classified as stimulants.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are the result of fossil fuel combustion, and they have been shown tobe carcinogenic. Air toxics are 188 air pollutants specified by the EPA as known hazardous air pollutants.

Pancreatitis can occur after a few binge-drinking episodes because alcohol causes inflammation of the

pancreas. Unlike other alcohol related conditions that take years to develop, such as brain damage, cirrhosis,and cardiac myopathy, pancreatitis can occur quickly.

Psychological health refers to cognitive functioning and a person's ability to handle stress, expressfeelings, and adapt to change. Psychological health refers to cognitive functioning, social functioning, andemotional well-being. Physical wellness relates to the health of the body.

A target behavior is an isolated behavior that an individual decides to change. Selecting a target behavior,such as smoking or eating high fat foods, helps a person concentrate on one area of improvement. Wellnessgoals relate to the positive milestones that individuals would like to reach, not behaviors they wish to change.

Fish and nuts contain more healthful polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids . Dairy and redmeat contain saturated fatty acids, which have been associated with heart disease.

In the first stage of labor, strong contractions cause the cervix to open completely . Once the cervix isopen, the second stage begins, which is when the baby is delivered.

The somatic nervous system controls behavioral responses to stressors . Poor behavior responses tostressors can impair wellness, while effective responses can promote wellness.

For many years, sugar was blamed for obesity, behavioral problems, and diabetes. However, current studieshave found that dental cavities are really the only direct result of eating too much sugary food.


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Mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke create secondhand smoke. Smokers exhale mainstream smoke,while sidestream smoke comes from the end of a burning cigarette, pipe, or cigar.

Pneumonia is responsible for over 3 million deaths each year. HIV/AIDS causes the death of over 2 millionpeople, while tuberculosis and malaria each cause the deaths of over 1 million people.

Common sources of nonionizing radiation include cell phones and sunlight, while sources of ionizingradiation include nuclear reactors and medical X-rays. Radon is emitted from soil and rocks.

People who exercise for long periods at a low intensity have developed the ability to maintain aerobicenergy production. Marathoners have highly developed levels of aerobic fitness, and they have a largecapacity to process and transport oxygen. Anaerobic energy production occurs without the presence of oxygen.

Pathogens are disease causing organisms that are the beginning of the infection cycle. Antigensparticipate in immune responses, allergens trigger allergic reactions, and beta blockers are drugs that preventover activity in the heart.

In the bargaining stage of dying, people try to avoid death by striking bargains. Often, patients try tonegotiate with God by making promises, or they may undergo religious conversions. In the denial stage,

individuals reject the idea that they are dying.

Germ cells are generated by male and female gonads. Sperm are produced by male gonads, and eggs areproduced by female gonads. Cortisol is produced by the adrenal glands.

Cross-training occurs when a person alternates between two or more exercise activities, such asswimming and running. Cross-training helps people avoid injuries related to overuse, prevents boredom, andprovides a well-rounded exercise routine. Cardiorespiratory exercise is a type of exercise that involves thecardiovascular and respiratory systems.

A simple phobia, which is also called a specific phobia, is the most common type of anxiety disorder.Examples of simple phobias include fears of lightning, dogs, snakes, or heights.

A manic person is restless, talkative, and needs little sleep. Some manic people spend too much money orfocus on wild projects. Auditory hallucinations involve hearing voices.

Reusing as many products as possible by donating them to charity or selling them to others is a methodof environmentally friendly consumerism. People can reduce by throwing away less trash; recycle itemsmade of plastic, glass, and paper; and respond by educating others about recycling, reusing, and reducing.

Cognitive distortion occurs when a person's pattern of thinking makes events seem worse than they are.Focusing on negatives and expecting perfection are examples of cognitive distortion. Obsessive-compulsivedisorder and generalized anxiety disorder are also psychological conditions that display different symptoms.

Menarche is the term used for a female's first menstrual cycle. Menarche usually occurs when a girl is 12 or13 years old, but sometimes earlier or later. Menses is another word for menstruation

Domestic violence, which is also known as intimate partner violence, refers to violent acts committedagainst family members or intimate partners. Although psychological abuse often coincides with domesticviolence, intimate partner violence typically refers to violent acts, such as murder, robbery, rape, and assault.

Current estimates of the world's population indicate 6.5 billion people live on the earth. The world'spopulation increases at a rate of 78 million each year, and experts believe the population in 2050 will be 9.1billion.

Creativity and intelligence are characteristics of adults with attention deficit disorder. Although attention


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deficit disorder was once thought to be a childhood disorder, the diagnosis is now being applied to numerousadults.

When the menstrual flow ends, the estrogenic phase begins. In the estrogenic phase, high amounts offollicle-stimulating hormones and luteinizing hormones are produced. Ovulation and the progestational phaseoccur before the menstrual flow starts.

Active euthanasia occurs when one person intentionally ends the life of another when asked to do so.Active euthanasia, which is illegal in the U.S., is associated with Dr. Jack Kevorkian, who took active steps toend the lives of numerous terminally ill patients. Active euthanasia may or may not be conducted by a physician,whereas physician-assisted suicide is conducted by medical personnel.

According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, spirituality, creativity, and philosophy are metaneeds that areat the highest point on the pyramid. Basic needs or deficiency needs are viewed as essential. Acceptance,stability, and belonging are basic needs.

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