thinking about advanced nanotechnologies€¦ · self-assembly using dna biosensors from...
TRANSCRIPT
Thinking About
Advanced Nanotechnologies
Dr K. Eric Drexler
26 February 2008
What is ‘nanotechnology’?
Nanotechnology today:Products that have a significant dimension less than 1/10micron (= 100 nanometers).
Future, revolutionary nanotechnology: nano-scale machines building products with atomic precision and digital control
Productive Nanosystems
Porphyrins
Metal complexesMetal-oxide clusters
Nanotube segments
electronic, chemical,biological, structural,
electronic, optical,optoelectronic,
electromechanical, electrochemical...
Quantum dots
Specialized functional structures:(atomically precise parts)
Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems:
Kuhlman et al., Science 302:1364–68 (2003)
“Design of a Novel Globular Protein Foldwith Atomic-Level Accuracy”
Liu and Kuhlman, Nucleic Acids Res34:W235–W238 (2006)
“RosettaDesign server for protein design”
www.rosettadesign.med.unc.edu
Structural DNA nanotechnology:
Mark Sims, design using Nanoengineer-1 (2007)
Structural DNA nanotechnology: AFM image
Paul Rothemund, Nature 440:297 (2006)Million-atom, 100 nm diameter, atomically precise, 3D structures
DNA/protein interface technology
Zinc finger protein (blue) binding DNA (orange)
Zinc-finger design software online
Zinc Finger Consortium, www.zincfingers.org
Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems:
Integrate components to build systems:
‒ 3D atomically precise scaffold, easily re-configured ‒ 100s to 1000s of parts in addressable locations
100 nm structure
25 nm productive nanosystem
Physics limits performance
Technology pushes toward limits
Existing products show part of what is achievable
Some systems can be modeled
Molecular machinery
— These examples can be simulated, but not yet built —Molecular dynamics by NanoEngineer-1
Advanced-generation systems
Machine-phase chemistry
John
Bur
ch
Allis D.G., Drexler KE, “Design and Analysis of a Molecular Tool for CarbonTransfer in Mechanosynthesis.” J Comp Theo Nanosci, 2:45–55 (2005).
Advanced-generation systems
Doubling sizesby convergent assembly
Design and rendering by John Burch
Advanced-generation systems
Some systems can be modeled
Productive systems can link to form pathways
High-payoff pathways can be found
MAXIMALUTILITY
SIMPLESTINSTANCEScientific inquiry
Engineering design
Information flows, ideal objectives
SIMPLESTTHEORY
A
E
≤ ≤
= =
MAXIMALOPTIONS
physicalsystem
concretedescription
abstractmodel
abstractmodel
concretedescription
physicalsystem
constraint measurement
fabricationdesign
Parallel issues, contrasting implications
Typical facts and views
Issues
Invites study
Informative
Defective
Initial conditions
Grows with time
Less tractable
Topic premature
Broad exploration
Discourages use
Problematic
Often adequate
Control inputs
Limited by control
More capable
Need more teams
Poor coordination
Unknown property
Unexpected outcome
Inaccurate models
Dynamical trajectory
Dynamical uncertainty
More complex
Multiple problems
Independent teams
In science: In engineering:
Modular Molecular Composite Nanosystems:
Integrate components to build systems:
‒ 3D atomically precise scaffold, easily re-configured ‒ 100s to 1000s of parts in addressable locations
100 nm structure
25 nm productive nanosystem
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Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubesfor Nanoelectronics & Biosensors SWNT devices SWNT circuits Interactions with proteins and DNA Self-assembly using DNA Biosensors from protein/CNT
(10,10) SWNT
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DNA on CNT (covalent)
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DNA on CNT (adsorb)
1545-1548
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DNA-CNT2
1545-1548
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DNA-CNT 3338-342
NA: poly-T, in vitro evolved ssDNA, dsDNA orRNA from bacteria or yeast.
NA+surfactant+sonication. Near-IR fluorescence indicates well dispersed
SWNT. Anion-exchange chromatography separates
DNA-CNT by size and electronic tube-type.
M
S
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Protein-CNT 1 Non-specific binding of protein to CNT. Inhibition by PEG coating. Specific protein binding enabled.
Avidin on bare CNT
No avidin on PEG/Triton CNT
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Protein-CNT 2
Anything curious about this data?
Avidin on biotin/ CNT
Blocked avidin with biotin/CNT
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Protein CNTbiosensor 1
Non-specific binding of proteins to CNT. Inhibition by PEO coating. Construction of specific biosensors by coating with PEO-
conjugates. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and direct electrical
measurements.
(Non-ionic surfactants)
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Protein CNT biosensor 2
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Protein CNT biosensor 3
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Protein CNT biosensor 4
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Protein CNT biosensor 5
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Metallic nanowires templated on DNA
775-778
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Metal nanowire 2
775-778
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Molecular lithography 1
72-75
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Molecular lithography 2
72-75
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Molecular lithography 3
72-75
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DNA CNT FET 1
1380-1382
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DNA CNT FET 2
1380-1382
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DNA CNT FET 3
1380-1382
Self-assembled FET. Assembly errors... Contact resistance... Hysteresis...
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Bacteriophage-λ DNA has been used as a templatefor the deposition of various metals including:
Silver: E. Braun, Y. Eichen, U. Sivan, G. Ben-Yoseph, Nature 391,775 (1998).
Gold: K. Keren, et al., Science, 297, 72 (2002). Gold: F. Patolsky, Y. Weizmann, O. Lioubashevski, I. Willner,
Angew. Chem.-Int. Edit. 41, 2323 (2002). Copper: C.F. Monson, A.T. Woolley, Nano Lett. 3, 359 (2003). Platinum: W.E. Ford, O. Harnack, A. Yasuda, J.M. Wessels, Adv.
Mater. 13, 1793 (2001). Palladium: J. Richter, et al., Adv. Mater. 12, 507 (2000).
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Grainy wires
Pd
Cu
APL, 78, 536-538 (2001)
Pd
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SA 4x4 DNA templates1882-1885
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SA TAO DNA templates
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Crossed wire arrays 1
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Crossed wire arrays 2