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Aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be identified by

growing them in test tubes of thioglycollate broth:

1: Obligate aerobes need oxygen because they

cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. They

gather at the top of the tube where the oxygen

concentration is highest.

2: Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen, so

they gather at the bottom of the tube where the

oxygen concentration is lowest.

3: Facultative anaerobes can grow with or without

oxygen because they can metabolise energy

aerobically or anaerobically. They gather mostly at

the top because aerobic respiration generates more

ATP than either fermentation or anaerobic

respiration.

4: Microaerophiles need oxygen because they

cannot ferment or respire anaerobically. However,

they are poisoned by high concentrations of oxygen.They gather in the upper part of the test tube but not

the very top.

5: Aerotolerant organisms do not require oxygen as

they metabolise energy anaerobically. Unlike

obligate anaerobes however, they are not poisoned

 by oxygen. They can be found evenly spread

throughout the test tube.

Thioglycollate broth

medium is recommended

to isolate strict anaerobes

should an anaerobic

infection be suspected.[2]

Thioglycollate brothFrom Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Thioglycollate broth is a multi-purpose, enriched differential

medium used primarily to determine the oxygen requirements of

microorganisms. Sodium thioglycolate in the medium consumes

oxygen and permits the growth of obligate anaerobes.

[1]

 This,combined with the diffusion of oxygen from the top of the broth

 produces a range of oxygen concentrations in the media along its

depth. The oxygen concentration at a given level is indicated by a

redox sensitive dye like resazurine that turns pink in the presence of

oxygen.

This allows the differentiation of

obligate aerobes, obligate anaerobes,

facultative anaerobes,

microaerophiles, and aerotolerant

organisms. For example, obligately

anaerobic Clostridium species will be

seen growing only in the bottom ofthe test tube.

Thioglycollate broth is also used to

recruit macrophages to the peritoneal

cavity of mice when injected

intraperitoneally.[3] It recruits

numerous macrophages, but does not

activate them.[3] The thioglycollate-

induced peritonitis in mice is used as a

model to study for potential anti-

inflammatory action of investigated

test compounds.[4]

References

1.   ^ Cain, Donna. "Fluid Thioglycollate

Broth" (http://iws2.collin.edu/dcain/CCCCD%

20Micro/thioglycollatebroth.htm). Collin College.

2.   ^ Cheesbrough, Monica (2006). District Laboratory Practice in

Tropical Countries, Part 2 (http://books.google.es/books?id=Yjv-n5u6S7gC). Cambridge University Press. p. 126.

ISBN 0-521-67631-2. Retrieved 2009-09-14.

3. ^  a b Leijh PC; van Zwet TL; ter Kuile MN; van Furth R (November 1984). "Effect of thioglycolate on phagocytic and

microbicidal activities of peritoneal macrophages" (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC261553). Infection and

 Immunity 46 (2): 448–452. PMC 261553 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC261553). PMID 6500699

(https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6500699).

4.   ^ Fakhrudin N, Waltenberger B, Cabaravdic M, Atanasov AG, Malainer C, Schachner D, Heiss EH, Liu R, Noha SM,

Grzywacz AM, Mihaly-Bison J, Awad EM, Schuster D, Breuss JM, Rollinger JM, Bochkov V, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM.

Identification of plumericin as a potent new scaffold inhibitor of the NF-kB pathway with anti-inflammatory activity in vitro

and in vivo.

(http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.12558/abstract;jsessionid=8BFCA3DB1F259C4002C794232721151B.f01t04)

Br J Pharmacol. 2013 Dec 16. doi: 10.1111/bph.12558. PubMed PMID: 24329519.

(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24329519)

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