this course has been developed under ronomar - · pdf filecourse framework 1. aims this model...

This course has been developed under

RoNoMar - Romanian Norwegian

Maritime Project

(2008/111922)

Supported by a grant from Norway through the

Norwegian Cooperation Programme for Economic

Growth and Sustainable Development with Romania.

COURSE FRAMEWORK

ADVANCED TRAINING IN FIRE FIGHTING

CONSTANTA 2010

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. AIMS ........................................................................................3 2. OBJECTIVE .............................................................................3 3. ENTRY STANDARDS..............................................................4 4. COURSE CERTIFICATE .........................................................4 5. COURSE INTAKE LIMITATIONS............................................4 6. STAFF REQUIREMENTS ........................................................4 7. TRAINING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT ............................4 8. TEACHING AIDS (A) ...............................................................8 9. IMO REFERENCES (R) ...........................................................8 10. TEXTBOOKS (T)....................................................................9 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY....................................................................9 13. LECTURES ..........................................................................10 14. COURSE OUTLINE ...........................................................166

14.1 COURSE OUTLINE TABLE.......................................................... 177 15. COURSE TIMETABLE.........................................................20

15.1 COURSE OUTLINE TABLE for seafarers ....................................... 20 15.2 COURSE OUTLINE TABLE for prospectiv seafarers and students 21

16. EXAMINATION ....................................................................22 16.1 SCOPE OF EXAMINATION............................................................ 22 16.2 OBJECTIVES OF EVALUATION .................................................... 23 16.3 EVALUAREA................................................................................... 23

17. DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS .................................266 APPENDIX .................................................................................58

LESSON PLAN 1 .................................................................................... 59 LESSON PLAN 2 .................................................................................... 80 LESSON PLAN 3 .................................................................................... 90 LESSON PLAN 4 .................................................................................. 100

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COURSE FRAMEWORK

1. AIMS This model course aims to provide the training in advanced fire fighting in

accordance with Section A-VI/3 of the STCW Code. The emphasis of the training is in organization, tactics and command.

2. OBJECTIVE This course covers the requirements of the 1995 STCW Convention

Chapter VI, Section A-VI/1, paragraph 2 and Table A-VI/1 -2. On meeting the minimum standard of competence in:

• fire prevention; • fire fighting,

The trainee will be competent to take appropriate measures for the safety of personnel and of the ship and to use fire appliances correctly.

The trainee will also have knowledge of fire prevention. This course covers the requirements of the 1995 STCW Convention

Chapter VI, Section A-VI/3 and Table A-VI/3. On meeting the minimum standard of competence in advanced fire fighting,

a trainee will be competent: • to take command; • organize and train fire parties; • control fire-fighting operations.

The seafarer will have acquired a knowledge of: • fire prevention; • an ability to inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing

systems and equipment; • investigate and report on incidents involving fire.

3. ENTRY STANDARDS The course is open to seafarers who have completed basic training in fire

prevention.

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All trainees must be certified by a doctor to be in good health. 4. COURSE CERTIFICATE On successful completion of the course and demonstration of competence,

a document may be issued certifying that the holder has met the standard of competence specified in Table A-VI/3 of the STCW Code 1995.

Note: If designated to control fire-fighting operations seafarers must have successfully completed advanced training in techniques for fire fighting with particular emphasis on organization, tactics and command. This training forms part of the competence required of all officers.

A certificate may be issued only by centres approved by the Administration. 5. COURSE INTAKE LIMITATIONS The maximum number of trainees attending each session will depend on the

availability of instructors, equipment and facilities available for conducting the training.

Any practicai training should be undertaken in small groups of not more than six trainees per instructor.

6. STAFF REQUIREMENTS The instructor shall have appropriate training in instructional techniques and

training methods (STCW Code A-l/6, pa.7). In addition, all training and instruction should be given by qualified

personnel; the senior instructor, having considerable experience in fire safety and fire-fighting techniques, should have a good knowledge of ships, including stability considerations.

All assistant instructors should have practicai knowledge of fire fighting and should be familiar with ships.

During any practicai training one instructor must be in charge of each group. Staff may be recruited from the local fire brigade. 7. TRAINING FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT

1. Facilities for theoretical part Ordinary classroom of minimum 25 places, equipped whit:

• Blackboard; • PC computer; • LCD screen diagonal 117 cm or video projector whit screen; • Demonstration table measuring 3 m by 1 m; • Flip-chart.

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Separate rooms, equipped with a table and chairs, will also be availible to accommodate three or four groups of trainees during case studies and other group assignments

2. Facilities for practical part For the practical part of the course, the following structure and equipment

are disponible: Building for smoke and fire drills, (see Figure 1)

Training Gallery in 3 Pcs. 40'containers (12 X 2,5 m) Internal height 270 cm 2 level training: 61 m

• confined space area, 31m height: approx. 97 cm. • walking area, 31m height: approx 165 cm. • compressor room • medical room • physical education room • control room • sluice

Facilities for recharging compressed-air bottles with spare parts for maintenance

Room with work bench area for inspection and maintenance of breathing apparatus

2 steel fire trays (approximately 1 m by 1 m by 0.3 m) (See Figure 2) Features:

• Automatic ignition • Dead man button • High & low flame height • Constant pilot flame • Pistol grip control pendant • Propane fueled • Lightweight & portable • Accepts water, dry chemical, C02 & foam extinguishers

2 three-sided brick fire trays 2 fire hydrants with 2 outlets each, or a similar water supply from open water

and fire pump A large supply of carbonaceous and hydrocarbon fuels (wood, diesel and

lubricating oils, etc.) for the fire trays - 6 dummies, for search and rescue procedures 6 fire hoses (65 mm diameter) - 3 fire hoses (38 mm diameter)

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Figure 1

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Figure 2 3 branch pipes 6 fire nozzles (2 standard, 2 diffuser and 2 jet spray) 2 mechanical foam branches 1 generator of high-expansion foam and foam compound 2 stand pipes, with keys and bars to operate the hydrant supply 6 water extinguishers (9 litre) 6 foam extinguishers (9 litre) 6 carbon dioxide extinguishers (5 kilogram) 10 dry powder extinguishers (10 kilogram) Refills for all types of extinguishers 30 sets of protective clothing, overalls, gloves, fire-boots, helmets and

rainproof clothing 25 sets of self-contained breathing apparatus, complete with spare

cylinders, spare parts and maintenance tools (including sets for use by instructors only)

25 distress signal units (DSUs) for attachment to breathing apparatus sets Smoke generator Smoke helmets with air pump A shower at the site 1 stretcher 1 first-aid kit 1 resuscitation kit with oxygen/suction unit 2 sets of fire-protective clothing 2 helmets with visor and neck protector 2 fire axes 2 safety lines (36 metres long) with snaphooks Different types of detectors used on board ships Indication of escape routes in the mock-up

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The location of this building and the area for fire-fighting drills is adjacent to the lecture room, toilet and shower facilities in Nautical Base of Maritime University of Constanta

8. TEACHING AIDS (A) A1 Instructor Manual A2 Slides for video projector and trainees handouts A3 Cross-sections or crass-sectional drawings of different types of fire

extinguishers and nozzles A3 International ship-to-shore fire-hose connection A4 Demonstration set of self-contained breathing apparatus A5 Trainee Manual A6 Videos: Fire Fighting at Sea Series: V1 Fire Fighting Series Part 3 - Command & Control at the Incident (Code No.

675) V2 Fire Fighting Series Part 4 - Command & Control by the Master (Code No.

676) V3 Fire Party Operations (Code No. 509) V4 Fire Fighting on Container Ships (Code No. 602) V5 Cargo Fire Fighting on Liquefied Gas Carriers (Code No. 254) V6 Fire Fighting and Safe Cargo Operations on Car Carriers (Code No. 602) V7 Machinery Space Fires (Code No. 667 )

From: Videotel Marine International Limited 84 Newman Street London W1P3LD, UK Tel:+44 (0)207 299 1800 Fax:+44 (0)207 299 1818

e-mail: [email protected] URL: www.videotel.co.uk 9. IMO REFERENCES (R) R1 The International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1995 (STCW 1995), 1998 edition (IMO Sales No. 938E) R2 International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974, as amended (SOLAS 1974) (IMO Sales No. 110E) R3 IMO/ILO Document for Guidance, 1985 (IMO Sales No. 935E) R4 Assembly resolution A.602(15) Revised Guidelines for Marine Portable Fire Extinguishers, Adopted 19 November 1987

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mailto:[email protected]

http://www.videotel.co.uk/

R5 Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods (Supplement to IMDG Code; IMO Sales No. 210 E) R6 Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes (IMO Sales No. 260E) R7 Assembly resolution A.415(XI) Improved Fire Safety Standards for Ships R8 Assembly resolution A.437(XI) Training of Crews in Fire-fighting R9 Assembly resolution A.519(13) Standards for devices to prevent the passage of flame into cargo tanks R10 Assembly resolution A.654(16) Graphic symbols for fire control plans R11 Assembly resolution A.655(16) Use of halons as fire-fighting media on board ships R12 Assembly resolution A.686(17) Code on alarms and indicators R13 Assembly resolution A.690(17) Periodical inspections of abandon ship and fire drills on passenger ships R14 Assembly resolution A.852(20) Guidelines for a structure of an integrated system of contingency planning for shipboard emergencies

From: IMO website at http://www.imo.org 10. TEXTBOOKS (T) T1 Olav B, Basic Safety Course: Fire Safety. (Oslo, Norwegian University Press, 1987) (ISBN 92 8011359 3) (reprinted, Aug. 1999); T2 Course Compendium 11. BIBLIOGRAPHY (B) B1 F. Rushbrook, Rushbrook's Fire Aboard. 3rd ed. (Glasgow, Brown, Son and Ferguson Ltd., 1998) (ISBN 0 85174 659 4) B2 G. Victory and I.H. Owen, Marine Engineering Practice, Voi. 1 Part 5: Fire-fighting Equipment and Its Use in Ships, (London, The Institute of Marine Engineers, 1981) (ISBN O 900976 14 4) B3 Review of Engine Room Fires and Guide to Fire Prevention, NK Tech Bulletin 1994 B4 Sydney-McCrudden, F.D. Fire performance of electric cables. Trans IMarE. Voi 101, pp 211-224 B5 Cooke, P. C. and Stone, D.J. Analogue addressable fire detection systems and marine applications. Trans IMarE, Voi 103, pp.221-232 B6 Design of Fire-detection and Alarm Systems: Current Trends and State of the Art Trans IMarE (C), Voi 98, paper C1/4 B7 Problems of Fire Control on Board Ships. Trans IMarE (TM),Vol. 94, 1982 paper 22 B8 Summary of Investigations, MAIB. http://www.open.gov.uk/maib/ maibhome.htm

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http://www.imo.org/

http://www.open.gov.uk/maib/%20%20maibhome.htm

http://www.open.gov.uk/maib/%20%20maibhome.htm

B9 Safety Digest, MAIB, DETR. http://www.open.gov.uk/maib /maibhome.htm 12. SAFETY ROUTINES Safety precautions during drills are a major component in the organization of

this course. Trainees must be protected from danger at all times while the course is in

progress. Instructors and their assistants must supervise strictly and act as safety

guards. When necessary, the staff should wear complete breathing apparatus and carry portable fire extinguishers so that they can assist trainees when required.

Other safety precautions include an extra fire hose nozzle, a shower near to the site, first aid equipment and an oxygen unit and resuscitation kit.

13. LECTURES As far as possible, lectures will be presented within a familiar context and

should make use of practical examples. They should be well illustrated with diagrams, photographs and charts where appropriate, and be related to matter learned during seagoing time.

Manner of presentation is to develop a technique of giving information and then reinforcing it. For example, first tell the trainees briefly what you are going to present to them; then cover the topic in detail; and, finally, summarize what you have told them. The use of a video projector and the distribution of copies of the slide as trainees handouts contribute to the learning process.

The course material reflects the requirements for the training of masters, chief engineers, officers and key personnel with particular emphasis on organization, tactics and command, as specified in Table A-VI/3 of the STCW Code.

The material is arranged in four competences: 1. Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship 2. Organize and train fire parties 3. Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and

equipment 4. Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire Table A-VI/3 of the STCW Code (R1) is used as a basic reference

throughout the course, and the Consolidated text of the 1974 SOLAS Convention, the 1978 SOLAS Protocol and the 1981, 1983, 1988, 1989, 1992, 1994 and 1996 amendments (R2) referenced where appropriate. The trainee is expected to have a good knowledge of all the competences of Table A-VI/1-2, A-VI/3 and of SOLAS, which will be useful as he makes progress in his sea-going career and has to take examinations which include fire fighting.

The course outline and timetable provide guidance on the allocation of time for the course material, but the instructor is free to make adjustments as

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http://www.open.gov.uk/maib

necessary. The detailed teaching syllabus must be studied carefully and lesson plans or lecture notes compiled where appropriate.

It will be necessary to prepare material for use with video projector or for distribution to trainees as handouts.

Preparation is essential if the course is to be effective and successful. Throughout the course it is important to stress that rules and regulations

must be strictiy observed and all precautions taken to maximize safety. Where appropriate trainees should be given advice on the avoidance of accidents.

The detailed teaching syllabus must be studied carefully and lesson plans or lecture notes compiled where appropriate. Instruction should be made as practicai as possible and actual equipment should be used, where available, to illustrate lessons in the classroom.

Guidance on assessment is given in a separate IMO Model Course 3.12. Throughout the course it is important to stress that rules and regulations

must be strictiy observed and all precautions taken to minimize risk to traines and staff. Where appropriate, trainees should be given advice on the avoidance of accidents.

Lectures cover the main objectives of the course. It contains some material and topics which are not adequately covered in the quoted references.

Introduction, Safety and Principles The main aims of Table A-VI/3 of the STCW Code should be explained to

the trainees. Adherence to safety rules and the need for care in all actions must be

stressed. The trainees should be encouraged to leam and to understand the stated

principles of survival in relation to fire. The beginning of the session is also intended as a refresher of their earlier training.

Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship 9 hours Areas of Fire Hazard For Competence 1.2, a knowledge of theory of fire is required. This is not a

repetition of the same material covered in the Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting Course, but a summary of key points. However, for a complete refresher knowledge and understanding of "Areas of Fire Hazards" the instructor may also give a brief introduction of theory of fire from the Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting Course.

The trainees should be encouraged to add to the headings and to provide their own ideas on containment, detection and appliances required. The course should also help trainees to develop an "eye" for fire hazards and the right attitude for eliminating any potenţial sources of fire.

The syllabus identifies different areas, each of which has its own particular risks. Each of these also has its own form of containment and means for combating fires.

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Judging by statistics of the incidence of shipboard fires, machinery spaces are probably the areas of highest risk. This is readily understandable: not only do these spaces constitute a place to store combustible liquids, but they are also the site of pipelines and other equipment through which heated oils are pumped under varying degrees of pressure, often in close proximity to hot surfaces. Oii can collect in bilges and oii leakages can be absorbed by lagging. Both areas constitute a fire hazard. Oil piping may develop leaks through a fracture, blown-out gaskets and meters or sight glasses breaking. A constant source of danger is the slowly developing leak which remains undiscovered or is left unattended too long. Prompt attendance to such small leaks and scrupulous cleanliness of the engine room go a long way towards the prevention of fires.

Fire-extinguishing media for fires in machinery spaces consist of water, powder, foam and gas. In addition it is necessary that remote controls are provided to stop the main engine, to shut down ventilation and to operate other emergency stops and dumping valves if the engine room becomes inaccessible. In order not to render the ship helpless when the fire shuts down essential services, provisions should be available for the emergency supply of power and water. Also it should be possible to operate a bilge pump from outside the engine room.

Though engine-room fires are rare, their effect can be devasting: prompt and effective action is essential.

Accommodation fires, if treated incorrectly, quickly get out of hand, racing along corridors and up stair wells, eventually reaching the navigating bridge. A fire originating in the accommodation area usually starts in a cabin or public room. Regular patrols are necessary and it is good practice to check public rooms after they have been left for the night. Passenger ships are protected by sprinkler systems and fire doors. Cargo ships usually have less protection. Personnel should be warned to leave their cabins at once on hearing the fire alarm to avoid being trapped when the fire comes along the corridor.

For fires in the accommodation, the fire-fighting medium used is normally water. This can be applied by hose, sprinkler or extinguishers. Restriction of air movement is extremely important. Stores such as paints and mineral oils should be kept out of the accommodation and only kept in paint lockers, lamp rooms etc. provided for that purpose.

Galley personnel should be made aware of the most common causes of galley fires and the correct remedial action. Fire patrols should visit the galley after the cessation of work. If a fire develops which threatens to get out of hand, the usual measures to restrict airflow should be taken. Electric ranges must be isolated before fire hoses are used in the galley.

Cargo spaces pose problems of a different nature. Many cargoes may contribute to a fire even if not classed as dangerous. Adequate packaging, good stowage and safe conditions are three important precautionary factors. Some of these factors cannot always be controlled by the ship. Cargoes may have absorbed too much moisture, giving rise to self-heating. Other cargoes may not have been sufficiently weathered, giving rise to the generation of flammable gas. Containers (V4) may have been wrongly packed, giving rise to dangerous conditions within the container without the crew being aware of it. The same

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applies for lorries on ro-ro ships. A long-standing problem is smoking by stevedores, which is still one of the main causes of hold fires.

Means to combat hold fires are fire hoses, sprinklers (ro-ro), smothering gas or inhibiting gas. Oii tankers are provided with foam monitors. Cargo tanks are protected by inert gas. Another useful medium to deal with hold fires is high-expansion foam, with which some ships have been provided.

The instructor must draw attention to the increased risk of fire on a ship which is under repair. It should always be clearly known and stated who is responsible for fire prevention and fire fighting - the maşter of the ship or the manager of the repair firm.

Special care must be taken when the repairs are completed and testing of fire alarms and other alarms is in progress. If a fire occurs during the testing period, an alarm may be disregarded and considered as part of the test. Only a strict control of the testing, i.e. no indiscriminate testing should be permitted, can prevent confusion over real or false test alarms.

If the captain of the ship is in charge of fire precautions and fire fighting, he must ensure that the ship-repair workmen are made familiar with the ship's fire alarm system, especially the signals for evacuating the engine room and the ship.

Exit paths from the engine room and from some spaces in the ship could be marked by exit signs and coloured tapes.

Dry distillation, chemical reactions, boiler uptake fires and exhaust fires in prime movers and auxiliary exhausts and fires in water-tube boilers

Dry distillation and uptake fires involving iron in steam fires are treated as special fire hazards on board the ship.

The term "dry distillation" may be unusual, but it is used in Annex 2 of resolution A.437(XI). Dry distillation is a combustion process in which a flammable material bums with insufficient oxygen to achieve complete combustion of the material. It can be a very dangerous stage of a fire and should be dealt with accordingly, including a warning of the existence of a high concentration of carbon monoxide.

The main point which must be stressed when dealing with the chemical reactions is that ordinary fire-fighting media such as water and sand may have an adverse reaction with some types of chemical fires. The production of toxic gases from some plastics must also be given prominence.

The "iron in steam" fires are sometimes known as "steel fires" and mostly take place in the uptake of the ship. The important fact about them is that they should not be fought as normal fires, since the consequences of so doing may be disastrous. Patience is required with such fires as, generally, they have to be allowed to bum themselves out; the fire fighters have to concentrate on preventing any spread of the fire.

If direct fire fighting has to be done, the recommended method is to direct as many jets of water as practicable at the seat of the fire. Water sprays, foam or smothering methods must not be used. The hydrogen fire which may bum simultaneously with the iron-in-steam fire should be controlled but not extinguished until the iron-in-steam fire is out; this is to avoid the possibility of an explosion.

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Management and control of injured persons It is recommended that this section of the course is carried out under the

supervision of a qualified medical practitioner. This is not intended as a first-aid course but is instead an instruction in first-

aid action to be taken in case of fire casualties. It must be stressed that further medical treatment will be necessary. First aid is limited to removing the casualty from danger and taking such action as may be necessary to save life and to limit pain and tissue damage.

In other words, restore breathing if necessary and deal with the effects of burns. The latter should be done by flushing bumt areas with water at once. If this cannot be done, immerse the affected parts in water. Flushing or immersion should be continued for at least 10 minutes to give time for the cooling process to reach the deeper-lying tissues. There is no need to do this with particularly cold water. Water at a more comfortable temperature may even be more beneficial. The essence is speed of treatment. Any flushing with water is better than no flushing, so no time should be wasted on searching for optimal water conditions.

Speed is also of the essence in cases where resuscitation is necessary. Such treatment, if considered necessary, should commence as soon as the casualty is removed from the area of danger, or even en route to a safer place.

One of the main dangers arising from burns is shock, the more so as it may not become apparent immediately. Unawareness of this phenomenon may cause the death of a casualty, and it is best, except in cases of very minor burns, to prepare for the possibility of shock. Since means for treating severe shock are very limited on board ship, medical advice must be sought and calling at a nearby port must be considered, for hospitalization of the casualty.

Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties 6 hours Preparation of contingency plâns, composition and allocation of

personnel to fire parties The main emphasis of this competence is the preparation of an effective

contingency plan for the ship. Based on the contingency plan the composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties must be exhibited in the muster list. It is to be stressed that the organization on a ship for fire fighting must be complete and that the crew is familiar with it, well trained and prepared for any emergency. The instructor must also stress the need for flexibility in the arrangements, particularly in making allowances for crew numbers being fewer than anticipated.

Some exercises should be done on stability conditions during fire fighting if a large quantity of water is used.

Training of seafarers in fire fighting The item on fire drills is important. The intention is not to provide realism

with a real fire but rather to simulate the conditions, particularly with the smoke, by using smoke bombs which produce a smoke which is not harmful to the crew. Smoke can also be created by burning carbonaceous matter such as dry wood and oii, but this may be toxic. The trainees must get used to operating in a smoke filled

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compartment by wearing CABA. Some techniques in search and rescue will by illustrated and presented.

The drills should take into account the possible consequences of a fire which affects another part of the ship.

For each type of fire a plan should be prepared showing: • which watertight doors, fire doors or dampers should be shut and which

ventilation fans stopped • which extinguishers should be used, e.g. portable, hydrant and, if required, the

fixed system • which crew should be assigned for the different duties • how the fire should be tackled • which valves should be closed • which machinery should be shut down • which accesses and escapes should be used • where the nearest firefighter's outfits are stored • whether the emergency generator and the emergency fire pump should be

started • where checks should be made for accumulation of oii vapour and how it can be

dispersed safely. Trainees shouid at this stage be taken through practicai working team

exercises outiined in the syllabus, such as: • the use of portable fire extinguishers on different categories of fire • the use of water to extinguish different categories of fire both outside and in

enclosed spaces • moving and searching for victims in smoke-filled spaces moving through small

apertures wearing CABA • rescuing victims from enclosed spaces • donning and testing protective gear • communications between site of fire and control station.

Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing

systems and equipment 10 hours The organization developed on board and the training of the crew shouid

come into effect immediately and ensure that any fire is extinguished without delay. The cases of fire at sea and in port described in reference B1 shouid be useful for trainees as they provide examples of how serious fires on ships can be tackled.

The importance of methodical training in the use of fire appiiances and equipment and of exercises in fire fighting shouid be stressed.

A good training in the inspection and servicing of all of the fire-fighting equipment will enable the crew to ensure that, when required, the equipment is in good order.

Stress shouid be laid on the importance of maintaining sufficient refills and spares to enable proper servicing to take place.

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In regard to sprinkler systems, it is good practice after a system has been filled with seawater, whether by accident or because of a fire, to drain it, flush it out with fresh water and then recharge it in the normal manner.

Valves used on fire hydrants and for isolation purposes on the fire main are frequently of the diaphragm type. It is important to stress that these diaphragms are of an approved fire-proof type and that if a new one has to be fitted, care must be taken to ensure that it is of the same type.

The section on precautions which have to be taken during icy conditions to prevent freezing and damage to the fire main and to branches shouid be explained in some detail, including the effect of wind speed.

On ships with sprinkler systems it is often desirable to put a small paper bag over the sprinkler head, to prevent the bulb freezing and bursting, if the particular head is subject to a cold draught from an open door to the deck.

Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving

fire 4 hours Fire investigation and reporting There is scope for flexibility in the form of the investigation and the report. It

is important, however, for the instructor to stress the need for keeping facts and opinions separated, as opinions have a value only when all facts are clearly stated.

Documented reports of fires on ships and lessons learned The instructor has scope for flexibility in this section as cases experienced

by trainees can be analyzed and the circumstances of the fire given, leaving the trainees to decide how to fight and extinguish the fire and to write the report. The particulars of the case studies shouid not all be given beforehand but in parts as the case develops.

Furthermore, in practice it may not always be possible to carry out the demonstrations referred to in Competence 2 and 3. In this event, the time allocated for the demonstrations could be used to enable the trainees to carry out group assignments or case studies.

Review and assessment The instructor may carry out a continuous assessment during the entire

period of the course, stressing the main safety aspects of each subject area and encouraging discussion where appropriate. The methods for demonstrating competence and criteria for evaluating competence are given in Table A-VI/3 of the STCW Code.

14. COURSE OUTLINE The tables that follow list the competencies and areas of knowledge,

understanding and proficiency, together with the estimated total hours required for lectures and practical exercises. Timings are suggestions only and should be

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adapted to suit individual groups of trainees depending on their experience, ability, equipment and staff available for training.

Conducting training in fire fighting shows that as much time as possible should be spent on practical exercises. This fact is also supported by the feedback from course participants.

In planning and scheduling training, instructors should devote the maximum time possible to practical training.

14.1 COURSE OUTLINE TABLE Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship

Course Outline Approximate time (hours)

Knowledge, understanding and proficiency Lectures,

demonstrations and practicai

1.1 Introduction, safety and principles 0.5

1.2 Areas of fire hazard 0.75

1.3 Fire precautions 0.75

1.4 Dry distillation 0.5

1.5 Chemical reactions 0.5 1.6 Boiler uptake fires and exhaust fires in prime movers and auxiliary exhausts 0.5

1.7 Fires in water-tube boilers 0.5

1.8 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is at sea 0.5

1.9 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is in port 0.5 1.10 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is carrying dangerous goods 0.5

1.11 Tactics and procedure of fire control for oil, chemical and gas tankers 0.5

1.12 Use of water for fire extinguishing, the effect on stability, precautions and corrective procedures 0.25

1.13 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations 0.25

1.14 Ventilation control including smoke extractor 0.25

1.15 Control of fuel and electrical systems 0.25

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1.16 Fire precautions and hazards associated with the storage and handling ofmaterials (paints etc) 0.25

1.17 Management and control of injured persons 1.5 1.18 Procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire fighters 0.25

Sub-Total 9

Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties




k2.1 Preparation of contingency plans 0.25

2.2 Composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties 0.75

2.3 Training of seafarers in fire-fighting 3.5

2.4 Fire control plans 0.25

2.5 Organization of fire and abandon ship drills 0.75

2.6 Strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship 0.5

Sub-Total 6 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing

systems and equipment Course Outline Approximate time

(hours)


demonstrations and practicai work

3.1 Fire alarms 0.25

3.2 Fire detection equipment 1.0

3.3 Fixed fire-extinguishing equipment 1.75

3.4 Fire main, hydrants, hoses, nozzles and pumps 1.0

3.5 Portable and mobile fire extinguishing equipment including appliances

1.0

3.6 Firefighter's outfits and other personal protective equipment

1.5

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3.7 Rescue and life support equipment 1.25

3.8 Salvage equipment 0.5

3.9 Communication equipment 0.75

3.10 Requirements for statutory and classification surveys 1.0

Sub-Total 10.0 Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving

fire




4.1 Fire investigation and reporting 2.0

4.2 Trainee's experience of fires on ships 1.0

4.3 Documented reports of fires on ships and lessons learned

1.0

Sub-Total 4.0

TOTAL 29.0

Review and Assessment

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15. COURSE TIMETABLE 15.1 COURSE TIMETABLE for seafarers

Day/ Period Competence 8-930 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship

945-1115 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship(continued)

LUNCH BREAK


Day 1




LUNCH BREAK

13-1430 Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties

Day 2

1445-1615 Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties (continued)



LUNCH BREAK

13-1430 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment

Day 3

1445-1615 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment (continued)



LUNCH BREAK


Day 4


8-930 Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire

945-1115 Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire (continued)

LUNCH BREAK


Day 5

1445-1615Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire (continued) Review and Final Assessment

20

15.2 COURSE TIMETABLE for prospective seafarers and

students

Day/ Period Competence 1630-18 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship

Day 1 1815-1945 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship(continued)

1630-18 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship(continued) Day 2


1630-18 Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship(continued) Day 3


1630-18 Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties Day 4


1630-18 Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties (continued) Day 5


1630-18 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment Day 6


1630-18 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment (continued) Day 7


1630-18 Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment (continued) Day 8


1630-18 Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire Day 9



Day 10 1815-1945

Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire (continued) Review and Final Assessment

21

16. EXAMINATION

16.1 SCOPE OF EXAMINATION The prime communication difficulty presented by any syllabus is how to

convey the "depth" of knowledge required. A syllabus is usually constructed as a series of "training outcomes" to help resolve this difficulty.

Thus, curriculum development makes use of training outcomes to ensure that a common minimum level and breadth of attainment is achieved by all the trainees following the same course, irrespective of the training institution (i.e. teaching/lecturing staff).

Training outcomes are trainee-oriented, in that they describe an end result which is to be achieved by the trainee as a result of a learning process.

In many cases, the learning process is linked to a skill or work activity and, to demonstrate properly the attainment of the objective, the trainee response may have to be based on practical application or use, or on work experience.

The training outcome, although aimed principally at the trainee to ensure achievement of a specific learning step, also provides a framework for the teacher or lecturer upon which lessons or lectures can be constructed.

A training outcome is specific and describes precisely what a trainee must do to demonstrate his knowledge, understanding or skill as an end product of a learning process.

The learning process is the "knowledge acquisition" or "skill development" that takes place during a course. The outcome of the process is an acquired 'knowledge", "understanding", "skill"; but these terms alone are not sufficiently precise for describing a training outcome.

Verbs, such as "calculates", "defines", "explains", "lists", "solves" and "states", must be used when constructing a specific training outcome, so as to define precisely what the trainee will be enabled to do.

In the IMO model course project, the aim is to provide a series of model courses to assist instructors in developing countries to enhance or update the maritime training they provide and to allow a common minimum standard to be achieved throughout the world. The use of training outcomes is a tangible way of achieving this desired aim.

This is a standard way of structuring this kind of syllabus. Although, in this case, an outcome for each area has been identified - and could be used in an assessment procedure - this stage is often dropped to obtain a more compact syllabus structure.

Training outcomes describe an outcome which is to be achieved by the trainee. Of equal importance is the fact that such an achievement can be measured OBJECTIVELY through an evaluation which will not be influenced by the personal opinions and judgments of the examiner.

22

16.2 OBJECTIVES OF TESTING OR EVALUATION The evaluations provides a sound base on which to make reliable

judgments concerning the levels of understanding and knowledge achieved, thus allowing an effective evaluation to be made of the progress of trainees in a course.

To this effect, during the course there will be two evaluations: 1. An intermediary evaluation 2. A final evaluation 1. The intermediary evaluation has the purpose of testing theoretical

knowledge acquired by trainees before proceeding to the applicative part and also maintaining an increased level of attention. This test will provide the trainer with the opportunity to verify:

- teaching efficiency; - the level of acquirement of the transmitted information

The results’ analysis allows a primary evaluation of trainees and an adjustment of the teaching techniques in order to achieve optimal performances during the training process.

2. Final evaluation has the purpose of a mostly objective evaluation of the acquired knowledge by trainees during the course. This evaluation allows the trainer to verify:

- The knowledge and skills acquired by trainees - The level of achievement of the desired objectives (achievement of the

minimum training level accepted for all trainees) - Efficiency of the employed teaching techniques - Volume and relevance of the presented material

The analysis of the results allows an improvement of the course in order to increase the efficiency and quality of the training process.

16.3 EVALUATION Basic conditions for evaluation’s performance:

- Evaluations are announced as the time and date of the course beginning; - Subjects are conceived only according to the material presented during the

course by trainers; - Subjects will be as various as possible, minimum 4 types of subjects for

each examination; - Subjects will be chosen by trainers and they will compulsory contain

questions from the entire course; - Written evaluations will be passed with the entire series of trainees; - Practical evaluation will be performed with a practical training subgroup

(max 6 persons) - Results will be announced/posted for all trainees at the established time and

date which should not exceed 24 hours from the moment of the evaluation. Evaluation is performed as follows:

1. intermediary evaluation after the first 6 hours of training and after finalizing Competences 1 and 2,

23

2. final evaluation at the end of the course, containing two tests, a written one and a practical one. Evaluation period:

1. 15 minutes, intermediary evaluation; 2. 100 minutes, final evaluation:

• 30 minutes for theoretical test; • 70 minutes for practical test:

- 30 minutes for the test of recognizing the equipment and their usage; - 40 minutes for dressing up the individual protection equipment (gear)

and passing through the smoke room. Evaluation period:

1. Written qualitative intermediary evaluation, performed with the help of two subjects:

1. one in which a phenomena, a process is to be shortly presented or an activity to be described;

2. one in which an enumeration of activities, properties or types is to be performed.

2. Quantitative final evaluation performed in two stages: 1. written, performed with the help of 7 questions:

- 5 questions with 4 answers from which only one is correct; - 2 written subjects that are to be centred on enumerating the

actions that must be performed in different situations. 2. practical test, in the training polygon, performed in two stages:

- the first test is to recognize the equipment used for fire fighting and how to use them;

- dressing up the individual protection equipment (gear) specific to fire fighting activity and passing through the smoke room.

Notation:

1. Intermediary evaluation notation is done with qualificatives and it does not influence the final grade, it only has a stimulant character

2. Final evaluation notation is the average of the two tests of the evaluation and it is minimum 7:

1. eliminatory written test, a grade between 1 and 10, minimum grade 5: 1. An ex officio point; 2. A point for each question solved correctly; 3. Two points for each written subject, given proportionally with the

correct number of the enumerated actions. 2. practical test, the average between the two stages’ grades, minimum

grade 5 1. the test of recognizing the equipment, a grade from 1 to 10,

minimum 5; 2. the dressing up test and passing through the smoke room, a grade

between 1 to 10, minimum 5; The final grade is not written in the released documents.

24

The correction reckoner is displayed in plain sight right after terminating the final evaluation.

The contest procedure:

1. Intermediary notation cannot be contested. 2. Final notation can be contested in maximum 24 hours after displaying the

results, and for this the trainee must submit a written application at the examination commission secretary, who will solve it according to the approved procedures.

25

17. DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS

INTRODUCTION The detailed teaching syllabus has been written in learning objective format

in which the objective describes what the trainee must do to demonstrate that knowledge has been transferred.

AII objectives are understood to be prefixed by the words, "The expected learning outcome is that the trainee

In order to assist the instructor, references are shown against the learning objectives to indicate IMO references and publications, textbooks, additional technical material and teaching aids, which the instructor may wish to use when preparing course material. The material listed in the course framework has been used to structure the detailed teaching syllabus; in particular:

• Teaching aids (indicated by A), • IMO references (indicated by R), • Textbooks (indicated by T)

will provide valuable information to instructors. The abbreviations used are:

App Appendix Ch. chapter pa. paragraph p. pp page, pages PI. plate Pt. part Reg. regulation

Throughout the course, safe working practices are to be clearly defined and emphasized with reference to current internaţional requirements and regulations.

It is expected that the naţional institution implementing the course will insert references to naţional requirements and regulations as necessary.

SYLLABUS REFERENCE Competence 1: Control Fire-fighting Operations

aboard Ship (9 hours) IMO Reference: R1 –

Reg VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3

26

Knowledge, understanding and proficiency Detailed Teaching Syllabus Reference

Fire-fighting procedures at sea and in port with particular emphasis on organization, tactics and command

Use ofwaterforfire-extinguishing, the effecton ship stability, precautions and corrective procedures

Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations

Ventilation control, including smoke extractor Control of fuel and electrical systems Fire-fighting process hazards (dry distillation,

chemical reactions, boiler uptake firest etc.) Fire fighting involving dangerous goods Fire precautions and hazards associated with the

storage and handling ofmaterials (paints, etc.) Management and control of injured persons Procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire

fighters

1.3,1.8,1.9,1.10 1.12 1.13 1.14 1.15 1.4,1.5,1.6,1.7 1.10,1.11 1.2,1.16 1.17 1.18

Objectives are:

1. Actions taken to control fires are based on a full and accurate assessment of the incident, using all available sources of information.

2. The order of priority, timing and sequence of actions are appropriate to the overall requirements of the incident and to minimize damage and potenţial damage to the ship, injuries to personnel and impairment of the operaţional effectiveness of the ship.

3. Transmission of information is prompt, accurate, complete and clear. 4. Personal safety during fire control activities is safeguarded at all times.

Competence 2: Organize and Train Fire Parties (6 hours) IMO Reference: R1-

Reg. Vl/3 Sect. A-VI/3

Table A-VI/3


Preparation of contingency plans Composition and allocation ofpersonnel to fire

parties Strategies and tactics for control offires in various

parts of the ship

2.1 2.2, 2.3 2.4,2.5,2.6

27

Objectives are:

1. Composition and organization of fire control parties ensure the prompt and effective implementation of emergency plans and procedures

Competence 3: Inspect and Service Fire Detection and

Extinguishing Systems and Equipment (9 hours) IMO Reference: R1-

Reg. Vl/3 Sect. A-VI/3

Table A-VI/3


Fire-detection systems Fixed fire-extinguishing systems Portable and mobile fire-extinguishing equipment,

including appliances, pumps and rescue, salvage, life-support, personal protective and communication equipmen

Requirements for statutory and classification societies

3.1, 3.2 3.3 3.4-3.9 3.10

Objectives are:

1. Effectiveness of all fire-detection and extinguishing systems and equipment is maintained at all times in accordance with performance specifications and legislative requirements

Competence 4: Investigate and Compile Reports on

Incidents Involving Fire (5 hours) IMO Reference: R1 –

Reg VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3


Assessment ofcause of incidents involving fire 4.1-4.3 Objectives are:

1. Causes of fire are identified and the effectiveness of countermeasures is evaluated.

28

29

DETAILED TEACHING SYLLABUS

Knowledge, understanding and proficency IMO Reference

Textbooks Bibliogrphy

Teaching Aid

Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship

1 1.1 Introduction, safety and principles (0.5 hour)

Required performance

.1 lists the main aim of the course as: - to organize and train fire parties - to inspect and service fire detection and

extinguishing systems and equipment - to control fire-fighting operations aboard ships - to investigate and compile reports on incidents

involving fire

.2 states the safety rules laid down by the Chief Instructor which must be adhered to during the course

.3 lists the principles of survival in relation to fire as:

- knowledge of theory of fire precautions - regular and realistic training and drills - formulation of contingency plans for fire

emergency - identification of emergency escape - identification of dangers of smoke and toxic

fires - regular inspection and maintenance of:

• fire-detection equjpment • portable and mobile fire extinguishers • fixed fire-fighting equipment • firefighter's outfit

1.2 Areas of fire hazard (0.75 hour)

Required performance:

.1 lists, for fires in the machinery space: - causes, including:

• combustible liquids leaking through faulty or damaged connections

• oil-soaked insulation • hot surfaces, e.g. exhaust pipes, engine

parts overheating in close proximity to oil lines

• defects in lagging • hot work, e.g. welding, cutting by

R1 – Reg.VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R7, R15 R1

A1-Ch/1 A2- V1, V2 A1-Ch.3 A2 - PI. 2.101

30

oxyacetylene torch • autoignition, e.g. oil dripping on hot

surface - methods of containment, including:

• watertight doors • fire doors • dampers • water sprays and screens, and remote

control of these where applicable - methods of detection, including:

• smoke detectors • high-temperature probes • rate-of-rise of temperature probes • patrols

- fire appliances, including: • fixed systems, e.g. water, foam and

carbon dioxide • portable, e.g. water, foam, carbon dioxide

and powder • mobile, e.g. foam, carbon dioxide and

powder

.2 lists, for fires in the accommodation: - causes, including:

• combustible materials • matches and cigarette smoking, including

careless disposal of burning cigarettes or ash

• textiles adjacent to hot objects such as radiators and lamps

• defective and overloaded electrical systems

• in a laundry, incorrect instalation of a tumbie drier or failure to keep it clean

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors and dampers • sprinkler system • fire-retardant materials in construction • fire-retardant deck coverings • fire-retardant furnishings

- methods of detection, including: • smoke detectors • temperature probes • sprinkler system • patrols

- fire appliances, including: • fixed system, e.g. water hydrants and

hoses • portable, e.g. water

.3 lists, for fires in the galley: - causes, including:

• overheating of combustible liquids and fats

• overheating of deep-fat fryers • hot surfaces

R11

B1 – p.493

A2 – Pl.31,32 A2 - PI. 3.3

31

• defective electrical connections • greasy flues

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors, ventilation and flue dampers • fire blankets

- methods of detection, including: • patrols hot surfaces

- fire appliances, including: • fixed system, e.g. water hydrants and hoses • portable, e.g. water (not for fat or oil fires), carbon dioxide and powder

.4 lists, for fires in the radio room or battery room and for electrical fires:

- causes, including: • overloading and short circuits • defective insulation • fractured and loose connections • in battery room, build-up of hydrogen (due

to lack of ventilation) and its ignition, e.g. from smoking

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors

- methods of detection, including: • observation

- fire appliances, including portable, e.g. carbon dioxide and powder

.5 Lists, for fires in holds and in containers: - causes, inciuding:

• cargoes liable to self-heating and spontaneous combustion (coal, copra), bulk cargoes liable to emit flammable gas (coal, direct reduced iron)

• loss of integrity of packages containing explosive, flammable or reactive substances

• collection of oily materiais as a result of insufficient cleaning and of leakage from tanks

- methods of containment, inciuding: • hatch covers, 'tween-decks and huli

structure • use of dampers • remote control of extinguishing media

- methods of detection, inciuding: • smoke detectors • temperature probes

- fire appliances, including: • fixed systems, e.g. water spray, high-

expansion foam and carbon dioxide • portable, e.g. water, foam, powder and

carbon dioxide • mobile, e.g. foam-making equipment

B1 – p.493 T2 C1/1

32

.6 fire precautions and hazards associated with the storage and handling of materiais (parts etc.) lists, for flammable ship's stores:

- potentially hazardous materiais, which include: • paints and varnishes approved by an

Administration • lubricating oils • cleaning fluids, paint thinners, paraffin • fuel for motor lifeboats and emergency

engines • oxygen and acetylene cylinders

- approved storage areas for such materiais, e.g. • paint store • deck lockers

- prohibited storage area for paints, oils, leaning fluids • accommodation • machinery spaces

- approved methods of handling between shore and ship in order to avoid: • spillage • ignition from any cause • delay in transporting the materiais from

shore to storage

1.3 Fire precautions (0.75 hour)


.1 lists structural fire-protection provisions, inciuding:

- division of the ship into main vertical zones by thermal and structural boundaries

- inert gas protection on tankers - lockers for combustible materiais - use of flame-retardant materiais - flame screens and other devices for preventing - the passage of flame - the use of steel - provisions with respect to the fire main: - diameter, pressure

.2 describes fire-fighting equipment and systems for a passenger ship, including:

- distribution and quantity of: • fire-extinguishing gas, CO2 • hydrants and fire hoses • portable fire extinguishers • sprinklers • firefighter's outfits

- arrangements for the supply of power and water, including emergency supplies

R1 -Annex2 R2 - Reg. II-2/24 Reg. II-2/62 26.2.2.(14) 2/44.2.2.(9) Reg. II-2/34 Reg. II-2/3 Reg. II-2/4 R11 R2- Reg. II-2/5 Reg. II-2/4 Reg. II-2/6 Reg. II -2/12 Reg. II -2/17 Reg. II-2/4, Reg. II -2/12

B1 -P.13 T2 C1/2

A1-Ch. 3 A2-Pl. 3.102 A2 - PI. 3.4 - 3.9 PI. 3.10-3.12

33

- spaces subject to automatic fire detection - provision of emergency controls

.3 lists operations required, including: - maintaining cleanliness on board - ensuring observance of smoking only in

approved spaces - keeping doors closed - maintenance of fire appliances, including fire

dampers - observance of approved fire-fighting methods - observance of regular fire drills and

instructions

.4 explains the organization and tasks of fire parties, including:

- making best use of available personnel: • need to be flexible in choice • personnel are to be trained to use different

equipment • how to establish who is on board and

available • training in agreed method for establishing

which members of fire parties are in fire zone

- the choosing of assembly points for fire parties: • difference between assembly point and

site of fire • how an assembly point is indicated • considerations in choosing suitable

assembly points • communications between assembly points

and bridge - iniţial and subsequent actions of fire parties on

hearing alarm: • considers dangers of entering a space

which is on fire • observes restriction on the use of certain

fire-fighting media • considers means for resolving conflict

between the need for prompt action and the prevention of wrong action

• has a full knowledge of the muster list .5 states procedures which must be observed

when a ship is in a dockyard for repairs, including: -safety procedures for dockyard personnel -responsibility for fire fighting -control of testing

1.4 Dry distillation (0.5 hour)


Reg. II -2/14 Reg. II -1/39, 42,43,46,47, 48,49,50,51, 52,53,54 R1 R2 – Reg. III/8, 53 R1

T1 - Ch. 3 T2 C1/1

A2 – Pl.8.102

34

.1 defines dry distillation as a combustion process in which a flammable material burns with insufficient oxygen to achieve complete combustion of the material

.2 states that an example of dry distillation is the making of charcoal

.3 lists the foilowing sequence of events as an example of the danger of dry distillation:

- fire is in a closed space - heat builds up but there is incomplete burning - the opening of an access introduces fresh air - the result is a flash towards the access

opening - persons in the process of entering will be

injured or burned unless they are protected

.4 states that dangers of dry distillation may be mitigated by:

- cooling the compartment externally by hosing it with water

- entering the access in a crouched position behind a water screen (spray nozzle)

- directing water towards the ceiling of the space on fire

.5 .explains, because of the above, the inadvisability of taking hurried action when smoke is seen issuing from a closed cabin

1.5 Chemical reactions (0.5 hour) Required performance:

.1 defines chemical reactions as the effect of the addition of one or more of the foilowing substances to a chemical:

- water - heat - steam - foam - carbon dioxide - sand

.2 lists some of the effects as: - explosion from the development of flammable gas - spontaneous combustion - the development of toxic fumes - the generation of smoke

.3 states that chemical reactions during fire fighting are more likely to occur with fires in cargoes and in accommodation areas

R1

B1-p.53 T2 C1/7

A1-Ch.8 A2 - PI.8.103

35

.4 lists some examples of chemical reactions causing or exacerbating fires, including:

- the production of acetylene when calcium carbide comes into contact with water

- the decomposition of steam when applied to coal fires

- the production of hydrogen when Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) comes into contact with water

- oxidizing cargoes, such as some fertilizers, sustaining a fire even if blanketed in an extinguishing gas

- cargoes spontaneously igniting in air, e.g. phosphorus when its packaging gets damaged

- self-heating of cargoes such as grain when wet - production of methane in coal cargoes to

dangerous levels when ventilation is restricted

.5 states that the correct response to fire in dangerous goods is given in the Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods

.6 states that the correct response to fire in bulk materials possessing chemical hazards is given in the Emergency Schedules of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes

.7 with the aid of the General Index of the IMDG Code and the Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods, determines the response action for a fire in a given substance

.8 with the aid of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes, determines the response action for fire in a given bulk cargo

1.6 Boiler uptake fires and exhaust fires in prime

movers and auxiliary exhausts (0.5 hour)


.1 defmes boiler uptake fires as those occurring in: - uptakes, economizers and air heaters for

steamships - exhaust pipes, economizers and waste-heat

boilers of ships propelled by internal-combustion engines

.2 states that the usual cause of such fires is an accumuiation of carbon deposits, with or without oil, which become overheated and catch fire

R5 R6 R5 R6 R1

T2 - Paper C1/1

A2 - PI.8.104

36

.3 states that the difficulties and hazards of fighting these fires are:

- inaccessibility of all sections of the uptake in the upper section of the engine room

- the possibility of explosion if access doors to the economizer are opened

- the possibility of the economizer tubes reaching a temperature of 700°C, when the following can take place: • the iron in the tubes will burn in steam • the reaction will be self-sustaining and will

generate heat - the products of combustion will be black oxide

of iron and free hydrogen - the burning of iron in steam will be

independent of a supply of oxygen - the hydrogen produced will burn if air is

introduced - explosion

.4 states that a procedure for containing and extinguishing the fire is to:

- shut down the boiler and/or main engine - spray the externai surfaces in the way of the

fire with water to keep the temperature down - close necessary dampers and boiler change

valve to exclude air from fire - protect essential electrical and other

equipment below the fire zone against water damage

- continue cooling until it is considered safe to open the economizer for examination and thorough cleaning on the fire side

1.7 Fires in water-tube boilers (0.5 hour)


.1 states that iron-in-steam fires can occur in water-tube boilers due to:

- shortage of water in the boiler causing overheating of the tubes above the water level and undue delay in shutting down the boiler

- an uncontrollable soot fire in the furnace after a boiler has been shut down in a port, coupled with a shortage of water in the boiler causing overheating of the tubes above the water level

.2 states that if fire is discovered before the temperature of the tube has reached 700°C, the preferred method of fire fighting is:

- to direct through burner aperture, or

A1 - Ch. 8 A2 – PI

37

equivalent, the maximum amount of water available as solid jets and through feed pumps to the source of the fire, assuming boiler tubes have fractured or burned

- to keep air casings and uptakes cool by hosing them with water

- to avoid using fire spray nozzles, foam appliances or carbon dioxide directly on the fire

.3 states that the fire-fighting procedures in competence must be used if the iron-in-steam fire has developed

1.8 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is at sea (0.5 hour)


.1 states that, when the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency stations procedure are put into effect, for example:

- the crew assembles at the designated fire stations as given on the muster

- the fire parties assemble, on orders from the bridge, and carry out their tasks aimed at containing the fire

- the ship's course and speed are altered as necessary to assist in containing the fire

- the pumps are prepared to dispose of extinguishing water

- for engine-room fires, the ship is stopped - the maşter decides the most appropriate

method for fighting the fire and this is implemented by the fire officer

- for engine-room fires early preparations are made to launch lifeboats

.2 states that the maşter controls the fire-fighting operations from the bridge, as indicated in competence 2.1

.3 states that when the fire is extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

1.9 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is in port (0.5 hour)


.1 states that, when the fire alarm is given, the fire

R2 - Reg. III/53

T1 - Ch. 2 B1 - pp. 75-103

8.105 A2 - PI. 8.1-8.3 A1 - Ch. 6 V2 A2-PI. 6.101

38

procedure and the emergency stations procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8 above

.2 procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire fighters states that the following addition procedures must be followed:

- cali the port fire brigade - inform the appropriate authority - confirm with harbour maşter that the maşter of

the ship will remain in overall charge - confirm with harbour maşter that the fire

brigade will take charge of the fire-fighting operations, assisted by the crew as required

- confirm with harbour maşter that he will keep the maşter informed of any hazards to the dock installation and any actions required

- check who is on board - make preparations for ship to leave port if

required, either by own power or with help of tugs

- evacuate non-essential personnel

1.10 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is carrying dangerous goods (0.5 hour)


.1 states that the stowage plan should be marked to show the position and class of dangerous goods

.2 states that a fire-fighting plan should be prepared showing which fire-fighting media and appliances can safely be used

.3 states that the dangers and the consequent risk to the crew should be assessed when the cargo is loaded

.4 states that, when the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8

.5 states the danger of rushing into action without knowing the nature of the cargo

.6 states that, when the fire has been extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

R9

B1 - pp. 104-131 T2 C1/9

A2-PI. 6.102 V4,V6

39

1.11 Tactics and procedure of fire control for oil, chemical and gas tankers (0.5 hour)


.1 states that, when the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8

.2 states that the additional requirements for a tanker include:

- a fixed fire-extinguishing system in the pump room

- remotely controlled foam monitors on the deck - an inert gas system for the cargo tanks - isolation valves fitted in the fire main at the

poop front and at specified distances forward of the poop front to allow: • control of the water supply to the foam

monitors in the event of damage to the fire main

• control of the water supply if the emergency fire pump is in use

- a division into gas-dangerous and gas-free spaces

- strict segregation between cargo spaces and systems and machinery/accommodation spaces and systems

.3 states that, when the fire has been extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

1.12 Use of water for fire extinguishing, the effect on stability, precautions and corrective procedures (0.25 hour)


.1 states that addition of water in large amounts, particularly in cargo hold, causes stability problem as free surface effect of water will come into effect thereby reducing the GM of the ship

.2 states that draining of particular cargo hold which is flooded to extinguish fire is absolutely important to avoid the free surface effect of water

.3 states that addition of water in cargo holds carrying cargoes such as grain and paper pump is risky as cargo swells which could

R2- Reg. II-2/63 Reg. II-2/61 Reg. II-2/62 Reg. II-2/61.9, Reg. II-2/4.3.6 Reg. II-2/56

A2 - PI. 6.103 V5 A2-PI. 6.1

40

cause rupture of shell plates and bulk head plates. Addition of water for fighting fire in such cases is to be judicially monitored during the.entire fire-fighting operation

1.13 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations (0.25 hour)


.1 states that communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations is two-fold, i.e. internai communication and co-ordination in the ship and externai with the management representatives of owner, classification society and coastal states for externai assistance

.2 states that maşter is in charge of the entire fire-fighting operation.

.3 states that the internai communication with control station, site of fire and maşter shall adhere to the contingency plan

.4 states that walkie-talkie and ship's internai telephone systems are vital in developing internai communication in addition to direct communication by messengers

.5 states that externai communication links should be documented in contingency plan, including links to ship owner, classification society and neighbouring states

1.14 Ventilation control including smoke extractor (0.25 hour)


.1 states that ventilation system is the weakest spot in zonal system of passenger and crew accommodation and must be controlled so that fires do not propagate from one zone/compartment to the adjacent one through ventilation ducts

.2 states that the respective ventilator flaps and draught stops must be closed to avoid spread of fire to adjacent compartments

.3 states that accommodation A.C. blower suction flaps must be closed during accommodation fire

.4 states that cargo hold ventilation flaps must be

V3

41

closed in the hold affected by fire

.5 states that engine room ventilation flaps must be closed in case of engine room fire

.6 states that smoke extractor and smoke sampling devices are used for large ro-ro and passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers. States further that smoke extractor systems shall be used only at the discretion of the maşter to evacuate passengers and facilitate fire fighting thereafter. States that the capacity of the smoke extractor shall be one change of air in 10 minutes

1.15 Control of fuel and electrical systems (0.25 hour)


.1 states why shutting off fuel supply from settling tanks is essential in engine-room fires

.2 states that closing off fuel to main engine and auxiliary englnes is required from outside engine-rooms in case of major engine-room fire

.3 states that fuel transfer pumps and separators need to be shut off at the time of a major engine-room fire

.4 states that electrical systems should be shut off in accommodation, engine-room, pump-room and cargo spaces as applicable in case of fire

1.16 Fire precautions and hazards associated with the storage and handling of materials (paints etc.) (0.25 hour)


.1 states that a fixed fire-extinguishing system is provided in paint locker of the ship. The system must be tried during fire drill so that it is readily available when needed

.2 states that the ships are permitted an accommodation area up to a maximum space of 0.4 m2 not provided with fixed installation. Combustible materials should not be stored in such spaces

.3 states that storage of lubricating oil drums are to be in safer space, preferably on main deck to facilitate jettison in case of emergency

42

.4 states that additional precautionary measures are to be taken for dangerous cargo stowage as per dangerous cargo code and its E.M.S.

.5 states that engine-room should be kept clean and oil drums containing oil should not be stored in engine-room

1.17 Management and control of injured persons (1.5 hours)


.1 describes the main hazards arising from fires for the health of personnel as:

- asphyxiation - poisoning - damaged tissues - bumtskin - pain - secondary shock

.2 explains that: - asphyxiation may be the result of:

• fires causing oxygen shortage • an extinguishing gas replacing air

- poisoning may be caused by: • carbon monoxide, which is produced in

most fires • toxic combustion products of fire

- damaged tissue may iead to: • loss of function of parts of the body • infection • mutjlation/scarring/disfigurement

- bumt skin may interfere with its breathing function, which may cause death

- secondary shock is a serious condition, caused by the collection of body fluids in blisters, and must always be suspected except with minor burns

.3 states the importance of first-aid measures being followed up with medical treatment

.4 describes the first-aid measures in cases of asphyxiation and poisoning as:

- removal of victim from danger area; thereafter: • if unconscious, placing victim in the

recovery position • in the absence of a puise, appiying cardio-

pulmonar resuscitation

.5 demonstrates: - putting a person in the correct recovery

R1

A1 - Ch. 9 A2 - PI. 9.101

43

position - the application for artificial respiration (mouth

to mouth/nose) - the application of cardio-pulmonary

resuscitation - describes the first-aid treatment for burns as: - extended flushing with water or submerging

the affected parts in water - injection of morphine if the victim is in great

pain

.6 states that bandaging and treatment for shock are equally important but should not be done as a first-aid measure

1.18 Procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire fighters (0.25 hour)


.1 states that shore fire fighters must be informed in case of fire in port. Maşter and ship staff must take immediate action to control fire as per contingency plan till the shore fire fighters arrive

.2 states that it is possible to get expert advice from the management representatives, owners, classification society and neighbouring countries in case of fire at sea. The present day satellite communication system is very prompt in such emergencies

.3 states that the shore-based help may be available in major fires by helicopter landing of experts from nearest land

.4 states that stability information and flooding/pumping sequence can be obtained from classification societies through their computer software

Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties (6 hours)

2 2.1 Preparation of contingency plans (0.25 hour)


.1 states that the central control station will be on the bridge

.2 states that the maşter will be in charge

R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R14

V1,V3

44

.3 states that the fire officer/officers will report to the bridge and receive instructions

.4 lists the information which central control station requires, including:

- the time at which the fire alarm was given - the position and nature of the fire - confirmation that fire parties are at their

assembly points and that the firefighter's outfits are available

- confirmation that the fire main is pressurized - report on iniţial attempts to extinguish fire

using portable extinguishers - report on effect of fire on services, e.g. lighting - report on persons present or trapped in

compartments or unaccounted for

.5 lists information which should be available on the bridge, including:

- arrangement drawings, in a convenient size, of ship, engine room and accommodation

- details of accesses and escapes from the different zones of the ship

- details of fire-extinguishing equipment, both fixed and portable, for the entire ship, including storage position of refills

- stability information - details of survival equipment and where it is

stored - stowage plâns - information on dangerous goods

.6 lists communication co-ordination methods available, including:

- telephones - loud hailers - direct speech, e.g. bridge to machinery control

room - radio telephones, hand-held radios - messengers

.7 lists methods of damage control and containment of fires, including:

- bridge-operated closing of watertight doors and release of fire doors to their shut position

- stopping of ventilation fans and closing of dampers on funnel and other places

- closing of all windows and portholes in accommodation, galley and other spaces

- turning ship to give best position relative to wind direction for fighting the fire

- cooling boundary bulkheads - using fire blankets as necessary - maintaining fire watch after fire is extinguished

R2-Reg.II 2/20

T1 - Ch. 5

A2 - Pl. 4.102 A2-Pl. 4.104

45

.8 explains how the stability of the ship is monitored and controlled, due to use of water for fire extinguishing:

- calculating the change in GM caused by the weight of the extinguishing water and as free surface effect

- arranging pumping or draining of fire-fighting water from affected spaces, including cutting holes in ship's side

- for cargo fires, calculating the effect of having to move cargo to attack a fire

- assessing the effect of any damage which causes spaces to be flooded by seawater

- considering possibilities of moving vessel to shallow water or even allowing it to ground

2.2 Composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties (0.75 hour)


.1 explains the organization of fire parties, including:

- how each fire party is identified - how each member of a fire party is identified - what the safeguards are for keeping in contact

with each person and knowing his position - the duties of each fire party, including:

• the reconnaissance team, equipped with portable fire extinguishers

• the fire hose team • the help, search and first-aid team • the technical team for checking lifts,

closing fire dampers, controlling ventilation fans and fuel shut-off valves, starting emergency generator and emergency fire pump and for refilling used extinguishers as required and preparing for gas flooding

2.3 Training of seafarers in fire fighting (3.5 hours)


.1 states that, after joining a ship, the crew must be given instruction on the emergency procedures in use and trained in the use of its fire appliances and its equipment, paying particular attention to:

- the location and use of portable fire extinguishers containing: • water • foam • powder

R8 R11

T2 C1/10 T1-Ch. 11 T2 C1/8 T1-Ch. 7

A2-PI. 4.105 A1-Ch.5 V3 A2-PI. 5.101 A2-PI. 5.1 to 5.9

46

• carbon dioxide - the location and use of mobile fire

extinguishers containing: • • foam • powder • carbon dioxide

- the location and use of fixed fire extinguishing appliances, e.g. • fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles • water sprinklers • water sprays • foam system • carbon dioxide system

- the location and use of firefighter's outfit and in particular: • leaming how to don the protective clothing

quickly • knowing where the personal equipment is

stowed and what it comprises • checking and using the approved

breathing apparatus • checking and using the fireproof lifeline

and being familiar with the signalling codes

.2 strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship states that, for crew training, realistic but safe fire drills shouid be held in various areas of the ship, including:

• general functions, covering: • starting the emergency generator • starting the emergency fire and bilge

pump • selecting the appropriate valves for

providing water for fire fighting, flooding holds or pumping out bilges

• identifying the emergency controls and their function

- improving personal safety by practice - moving and finding the way in spaces with

restricted visibility - moving through small apertures - finding and removing casualties - using compressed-air breathing apparatus and

the fireproof lifeline in these conditions - machinery spaces, assuming mock fires, e.g.

• fire on diesel altemator due to fuel-oil spray from fractured fuel injection pipe striking hot exhaust pipe

• fire in bilge due to fuel oil being ignited by sparks from welding work in the vicinity

• fire at top of engine room due to lubricating oil leaking from a fractured pipe to the turbocharger bearing and striking the hot surface of turbocharger

• fire adjacent to boiler due to blow-back

R2- Reg. II-2/17

T1 - Ch. 9 T1-Ch.10 T1 - Ch. 10

A2-PI. 5.10-5.14 A2 A2

47

from furnace • fire in switchboard caused by loose

connection • fire in the economizer or boiler uptake due

to accumulation of soot - accommodation spaces, assuming mock fires,

e.g. • fire in a cabin due to bedclothes catching

fire from a fallen cigarette • fire in crew lounge due to defective

electrical connection - fire in galley, including:

• fire on top of stove due to spilled cooking fat

• fire in deep-fat fryer - fire in deck container, e.g.

• fire due to defect in integral refrigeration unit

- fire in cargo spaces, taking into account cargo on board, e.g. • in holds, 'tween deck or containers • involving dangerous goods

- ventilation control and smoke extractor - control of fuel and electrical systems

.3 states that the members of fire parties are given training, which includes:

- instruction in the duties of each fire party to which a crew member may be assigned

- instruction in the duties of each member of a fire party and how these duties are allocated, e.g. by number or otherwise

- exercises to make each fire party proficient, inciuding first aid

.4 states that crew members who operate a fire patrol system will be trained to ensure that they are familiar with the arrangements of the ship as well as the location and operation of equipment, inciuding:

- manually operated cali points

- fixed fire-detection and alarm systems - telephones - portable fire extinguishers and their limitations - hydrants, hoses and nozzles

.5 demonstrates the ability to carry out the exercises listed in 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4 above

.6 recharges, repairs and maintains portable fire extinguishers

R2 – Reg. II 2/40.1, 40.6

T1 - Ch. 3 B1

A2

48

2.4 Fire control plans (0.25 hour)


.1 states that the fire control plans must be checked periodically to ensure they are legible and up-to-date

.2 states that the duplicate set of fire control plâns or the booklet containing them, which are for the assistance of shoreside fire-fighting personnel, are checked to confirm that they are in good condition

.3 checks that the guide signs to the duplicate plâns are intact and distinct

2.5 Organization of fire and abandon ship drills (0.75 hour)


.1 states that drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted as if there were an actual emergency

.2 states that every crew member shall participate at Ieast one abandon ship drill and one fire drill every month

.3 fire drills: - states that fire drill should be planned in such a

way that due consideration is given to regular practice in the various emergencies that may occur depending on the type of ship and the cargo

- states that while conducting fire drills the following procedures should be followed: • • reporting to stations and preparing for

the duties described in muster list • starting of a fire pump, using at least the

two required jets of water • operation and use of fire-extinguishing

appliances • checking and using firefighter's outfit and

other personal rescue equipment • testing of relevant communication

equipment • operation of watertight doors, fire doors,

fire dampers and main iniets and outiets of ventilation systems in the drill area

• checking the necessary arrangements for abandoning the ship

.4 states that the equipment used during drills shall

R10 R2 - Reg. II-2/20.1,20.2 R13

A2

49

immediately be brought back to its fully operaţional condition

.5 states that any faults and defects discovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible

.6 abandon ship drills: - states that while conducting abandon ship

drills the following procedures must be followed: • abandon ship drill is called by raising

particular alarm followed by announcement on the public address or other communication systems. AlI passengers and crew shall be familiar with this alarm and announcement

• on hearing alarm, crew shall report to stations and prepare for the duties described in muster list

• passengers and crew are suitably dressed • lifejackets are correctly donned • preparation and lowering of at least one

lifeboat • starting and operating the lifeboat engine •

• launching method of liferaft is expiained • a mock search and rescue of a crew

member trapped in cabin is carried out • instruction in the use of radio life-saving

appliances

- states that different lifeboats shall be lowered at successive drills

- states that rescue boat other than lifeboats shall be launched each month with their assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water

- states that emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment is tested at each abandon ship drill

2.6 Strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship (0.5 hour)


.1 states that the fire can occur in the: - engine-room - accommodation - galley - storerooms - cargo spaces

.2 states contingency plâns are required to be drawn for every type of emergency on board,

50

particularly for fire and abandon ship: - demonstrates use of the integrated approach

to contingency planning for shipboard emergencies

- explains how tactics and strategies for control of fires in engine room, accommodation and cargo spaces differ

- states that tactics and strategies for control of engine room fires involves management and fire-fighting techniques of hot oil and exhaust gases

- states that control of accommodation fires may be achieved by confining the fire within the zones bounded by A-60 bulkheads and cutting off ventilation

- states that fighting cargo space fires is complex and involves special training for fighting fires involving bulk, oil, chemical and gas cargoes as well as dangerous cargoes

- states that BC Code, SOLAS Chapter II-2, IBC and IGC Codes and EMS for Dangerous Cargoes contain essential data for use in setting strategies

- states that composition and organization of fire control parties ensure prompt and effective implementation of emergency plâns and procedures

Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment

3 3.1 Fire alarms (0.25 hour)


.1 states that for the fire alarms and the actuating switches:

- a plan should be available which shows their positions

- a schedule should be prepared that shows dates when surveys, inspections, maintenance and testing should be carried out

- a record should be kept of defects found and of repairs carried out

- the manufacturer's instruction manuals should be used as a basis for the schedule referred to above, which should include at least:

• inspection for damage or omissions in

wiring and equipment • cleaning of electrical contacts and

R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R12 R2 - Reg. LI-2/20

A1 - Ch. 7 A2-PI. 7. 101,7.102

51

switches • testing of the system and proving that all

equipment operates correctly

3.2 Fire detection equipment (1 hour)


.1 states that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 above should be prepared and operated

.2 states that additionally the maintenance schedule should include:

- testing the correct operation of each head or probe, as appropriate, for: • smoke (ion) detectors • flame detectors (infrared or ultraviolet rays

from the flames) • heat detectors (thermal contact) • rate of change of temperature detector • bursting temperature of sprinkier bulb in a

sprinkier system - cleaning and checking of contacts and other

components in the control box and ensuring that connection to the fire alarm system operates correctly

3.3 Fixed fire extinguishing equipment (1.75 hours)


.1 states that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 above should be prepared and operated for each type of fixed fire extinguishing equipment

.2 states that the maintenance schedule for a sprinkier system should also include:

- - checking that the water level and air pressure in the pressure vessel are correct and, or not, adjusting as required

- checking that the sprinkler pump starts if pressure is reduced to the correct level

- checking that all zone and stop valves are workable and are in the correct position for service

- checking that all sprinkler bulbs are unobstructed

.3 states that the maintenance schedule for a carbon dioxide system should also include:

- testing the level of liquid gas in the cylinders by: • the isotope method • the weighing method

T1 - Ch. 1

A1 - Ch. 7 A2-PI.7.1

52

- checking that the siren that gives warning that gas is about to be released operates correctly

- checking that the gas outlets in the spaces protected are unobstructed

.4 states that the maintenance schedule for a fixed pressure water spraying system should also include:

- checking that the nozzles are unobstructed - checking that the valves operate correctly

.5 states that the maintenance schedule for a foam system should also include:

- checking (on tankers) that the deck monitors operate correctly

- checking that for engine-room applications the foam outlets and spreaders are clear and that the pipes are free of corrosion products

3.4 Fire main, hydrants, hoses and nozzies and pumps (1 hour)


.1 states that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 should be prepared and operated

.2 describes the inspection and maintenance of the fire main and its associated piping in terms of:

- testing the system for leaks - inspecting the pipes for corrosion - keeping hydrants and coupling lugs movable - attending to leaks - having alternatives in place when shutting

down or removing a part of the system - inspecting relief valves - keeping adequate spares of handwheels,

spindles, gaskets, coupling lugs, washers and valves

.3 describes the inspection and maintenance of fire hoses and nozzies in terms of:

- pressure-testing hoses - moving spray nozzies through their operating

range - keeping coupling lugs movable - checking on washers - keeping adequate spares for hoses, coupling

lugs, washers and nozzles

.4 describes the measures that have to be taken in icy conditions to keep the fire main system free of ice as being:

- shut down the pump and close valves as

R2 - Reg. II-2/10.7 R2 – Reg. 2/61

T1 - Ch. 6

A1 - Ch. 7

53

required - drain all water from pipes - keep checking that the system remains empty

of water - put up warning notices on the bridge that the

fire main has been drained of water

.5 states that the practice of opening one or more hydrant valves does not prevent the system from becoming frozen in certain conditions

3.5 Portable and mobile fire extinguishing equipment including appliances (1 hour)



.2 states that when a portable or mobile fire extinguisher has been discharged it should be prepared for further use as follows:

- on an extinguisher with a trigger handle, depress the handle to ensure that the cylinder is not pressurized

- remove the top cap, including the cartridge, and then: • clean the cylinder and inspect for any

corrosion if the cylinder is made of steel • check when the cylinder is due for a

pressure test, which is normally done by the suppliers

• check that the discharge pipe and nozzles are clear

• check the operation of the trigger valve to ensure it is fluid-tight and operates freely

• check the operation and tightness of other valves (if fitted)

• reassemble the extinguisher, using the correct media and cartridge

• after the cap has been fitted, fit the safety pin

- write the date of refilling on a record labei on the cylinder

- replace the extinguisher in its previous position or put it in store, as required by the chief mate

.3 states that neither a partially discharged extinguisher nor an empty one should be placed in its previous position before being refilled

R4

T2

54

3.6 Firefighter's outfits and other personal protective

equipment (1.5 hours)



.2 states that, in addition, the inspection and maintenance schedule should include checking:

- that all outfits are in their correct stowage positions

- that the personal equipment is undamaged and complete

- that the battery of the electric safety lamp (hand lantern) is fully charged

- that the breathing apparatus is ready for use - that the compressed air bottles, including al!

spares, are kept fully charged - that, after any use, the breathing apparatus is

dismantled to ensure that all parts are clean and all valves are operating correctly

- that the fireproof lifeline is undamaged

3.7 Rescue and life support equipment (1.25 hours)


.1 demonstrates the use of rescue equipment: - stretcher - first-aidkit - self-contained breathing apparatus - hand operated resuscitators - air and oxygen

type - fully automatic resuscitators - rescue harness with lifeline and safety hook - intrinsically safe portable lights - fire axe - fire suit - personal protective gear such as helmet,

gloves and boots

.2 demonstrates and states that during search and rescue of injured persons, rescue party shouid carry additional SCBA and a resuscitator

.3 demonstrates first aid for burns and bleeding to a casualty

.4 demonstrates resuscitation

.5 demonstrates and states that in addition to a line, a guide line may also be rigged as rescue

R2 - Reg. II-2/17

T1 - Ch. 9

55

aid

.6 states that thermal protective aid, life jacket and life buoys are also used as rescue equipment during abandonment of the ship

3.8 Salvage equipment (0.5 hour)


.1 states, and demonstrates where necessary, the names and describes the working principles and operations of foilowing salvage equipment:

- fire and salvage tugs - helicopters - hand flares, parachute rockets, smoke floats,

line throwing appliances, MOB marker, EPIRBs, SARTs, two-way communication

- gas cutting set with oxy-acetylene torches - collision mats - signalling flags and morse signalling lamps - rope ladder with boat hook - rescue boat - large capacity salvage pumps and ejector

pumps fitted on fire boat and tugs - oxygen analyser and toxic gas analysers for

entry into enclosed spaces - high-expansion foam system fitted on fire-

fighting tugs - towinggear

3.9 Communication equipment (0.75 hour)


.1 states that communication equipment used for fire fighting is of two types: internai and externai Communications

.2 demonstrates internai Communications: - communication by voice, messenger and loud

hailer - two-way Communications with radio hand sets - portable radios including rescue boats and

lifeboat radio equipment - public address systems - intercoms and fixed telephone systems

.3 explains use of externai communication equipment such as:

- DSC on VHF, MF and HF - Inmarsat-A/-C - all other terrestrial and GMDSS systems

56

3.10 Requirements for statutory and classification surveys (1 hour)


.1 states that the statutory requirements for fire prevention, protection, detection and extinction are contained in Chapterll/2of SOLAS74

.2 states that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures while carrying dangerous goods are described in the emergency procedures of the IMDG Code

.3 states that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedure for the carriage of fire-prone cargoes in bulk are described in the BC Code

.4 states that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures for the carriage of liquid chemicals in bulk are described in the IBC/BCH Codes

.5 states that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk are described in the IGC/GC Code

.6 states that fire protection bulkheads such as A-60, B-30 and C/F class materials, fire proof materials and low flame spread materials are tested as per fire test procedure code

.7 states that administrations are required to follow the minimum IMO requirements and shall also make naţional rules

.8 states that classification societies' rules are based on IMO requirements and their own particular requirements

.9 states that SOLAS 74 requirements are under constant review and updating and changes:

- smoke detection and extraction system for passenger spaces

- helicopter deck - fixed installation for paint lockers - fire-fighting arrangement for ro-ro spaces - jacketing of fuel injection pipe - definition of control station - inerting ventilation and gas measurement for

double huli space of oil tankers - special requirements for ships carrying

dangerous goods, location and separation of spaces

57

Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire (4 hours)

4 4.1 Fire investigation and reporting (2 hours)


.1 states that the investigation into the fire should include recording the following:

- how the fire was discovered - the time at which the fire alarm was given - how the alarm was given - the time at which the maşter or other officer

was informed - the position and nature of the fire - who was first on the scene - what actions were taken for the iniţial attempt

to extinguish the fire - how many firefighter's outfits with compressed

air operated breathing apparatus (CABA) were used

- what appliances were used, both portable and fixed

- what manpower was used - at what time the fire was extinguished - the number of casualties, with details of those

injured and the nature of injuries - what damage was caused, including any to the

structure and fittings of the ship - an estimate of what proportion of the damage

was caused by the fire extinguishing media, e.g. water or foam, as compared to that directly caused by the fire

- for how long after the fire was extinguished was a fire watch maintained

- to what extent the ship or any part of it, e.g. the engine room, was immobilized because of the fire

- an analysis of the fire, the materials which were burning, the known or probable source of ignition and the cause

- conclusions on the cause of the fire and recommendations for avoiding a recurrence

.2 states that the report on the investigation will include these details of the fire-fighting procedures:

- the occurrence and a timetable of the fire - the actions taken and the time of each action - the facts concerning the fire, including its site,

materials and ignition - the fire-extinguishing appliances required for

fighting the fire and the numbers of each type used

R1-Anexa 2 R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3

A1-Ch. 10 A2-PI. 10.101 A2-PI. 10.103

58

- the number of crew and shore firemen (if appropriate) engaged in fighting the fire

- the number of firefighter's outfits and CABA used

- the damage caused by the fire - the damage caused by the fire-extinguishing

media - the extent to which the ship or its services

were immobilized by the fire

.3 states that the report should also contain conclusions from the facts established, including:

- an analysis and discussion of the facts - the conclusions reached from this analysis and

discussion - recommendations on the actions required to

avoid a recurrence - recommendations, if any, to improve fire

prevention and fire-fighting procedures

4.2 Trainee's experience of fires on ships (1 hour)


.1 describes details of fires experienced: - theircauses - the fire-fighting procedures - the results

4.3 Documented reports of fires on ships and lessons learned (1 hour)


.1 describes, after being given the particulars of a ship and its cargo and how a fire was discovered, the iniţial action which has to be taken

.2 describes, after being given the results of that action, what further measures, if any, are required

.3 describes, after being given the particulars of the whole incident, how his actions compared with those actually taken on board the ship concrned

Review and assessment

A1

59

APPENDIX

LESSONS PLAN 1

LESSONS PLAN 2

LESSONS PLAN 3

LESSONS PLAN 4

60

LESSON PLAN No. 1

COURSE: Advanced training in fire fighting Durations: 9 h

SUBJECT AREA: Competence 1: Control fire-fighting operations aboard ship

Main element. Specific training outcome in teaching sequence, with memory keys

Teaching method

IMO Reference


Teaching Aid

Instructor guidelines

Lecture notes

Time (min.)

1 1.1 Introduction, safety and principles

.1 Objectiv of the course as: - organize and train fire parties - inspect and service fire detection and

extinguishing systems and equipment - control fire-fighting operations aboard ships - investigate and compile reports on incidents

involving fire

.2 States the safety rules laid down by the Chief Instructor which must be adhered to during the course

.3 The principles of survival in relation to fire as: - knowledge of theory of fire precautions - regular and realistic training and drills - formulation of contingency plans for fire

emergency

Class

R1 – Reg.VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R7, R15

A2-

V1, V2

A1

30

5

5

20

61

- identification of emergency escape - identification of dangers of smoke and toxic

fires - inspection and maintenance of:

• fire-detection equjpment • portable and mobile fire extinguishers • fixed fire-fighting equipment • firefighter's outfit

1.2 Areas of fire hazard

.1 Area of hazards in the machinery space: - causes, including:

• combustible liquids leaking through faulty or damaged connections

• oil-soaked insulation • hot surfaces, e.g. exhaust pipes, engine

parts overheating in close proximity to oil lines

• defects in lagging • hot work, e.g. welding, cutting by

oxyacetylene torch • autoignition, e.g. oil dripping on hot

surface - methods of containment, including:

• watertight doors • fire doors • dampers • water sprays and screens, and remote

control of these where applicable - methods of detection, including:

• smoke detectors • high-temperature probes • rate-of-rise of temperature probes • patrols

- fire appliances, including: • fixed systems, e.g. water, foam and

carbon dioxide

Class

R1 R11

A2 - PI. 2.101

A2 – Pl.31,32

A1

75

10

62

• portable, e.g. water, foam, carbon dioxide and powder

• mobile, e.g. foam, carbon dioxide and powder

.2 Area of hazards in the accommodation: - causes, including:

• combustible materials • matches and cigarette smoking, including

careless disposal of burning cigarettes or ash

• textiles adjacent to hot objects such as radiators and lamps

• defective and overloaded electrical systems

• in a laundry, incorrect instalation of a tumbie drier or failure to keep it clean

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors and dampers • sprinkler system • fire-retardant materials in construction • fire-retardant deck coverings • fire-retardant furnishings

- methods of detection, including: • smoke detectors • temperature probes • sprinkler system • patrols

- fire appliances, including: • fixed system, e.g. water hydrants and

hoses • portable, e.g. water

.3 Area of hazards in the galley: - causes, including:

• overheating of combustible liquids and fats

• overheating of deep-fat fryers • hot surfaces

B1 – p.493

A2 - PI. 3.3

10

5

63

• defective electrical connections • greasy flues

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors, ventilation and flue dampers • fire blankets

- methods of detection, including: • patrols hot surfaces

- fire appliances, including: • fixed system, e.g. water hydrants and hoses • portable, e.g. water (not for fat or oil fires), carbon dioxide and powder

.4 Area of hazards in the radio room or battery room and for electrical fires:

- causes, including: • overloading and short circuits • defective insulation • fractured and loose connections • in battery room, build-up of hydrogen (due

to lack of ventilation) and its ignition, e.g. from smoking

- methods of containment, including: • fire doors

- methods of detection, including: • observation

- fire appliances, including portable, e.g. carbon dioxide and powder

.5 Area of hazards in holds and in containers: - causes, inciuding:

• cargoes liable to self-heating and spontaneous combustion (coal, copra), bulk cargoes liable to emit flammable gas (coal, direct reduced iron)

• loss of integrity of packages containing explosive, flammable or reactive substances

• collection of oily materiais as a result of insufficient cleaning and of leakage from

B1 – p.493

T2 C1/1

5

5

64

tanks - methods of containment, inciuding:

• hatch covers, 'tween-decks and huli structure

• use of dampers • remote control of extinguishing media

- methods of detection, inciuding: • smoke detectors • temperature probes

- fire appliances, including: • fixed systems, e.g. water spray, high-

expansion foam and carbon dioxide • portable, e.g. water, foam, powder and

carbon dioxide • mobile, e.g. foam-making equipment

.6 Fire precautions and hazards associated with the storage and handling of materiais (parts etc.) lists, for flammable ship's stores:

- potentially hazardous materiais, which include: • paints and varnishes approved by an

Administration • lubricating oils • cleaning fluids, paint thinners, paraffin • fuel for motor lifeboats and emergency

engines • oxygen and acetylene cylinders

- approved storage areas for such materiais, e.g. • paint store • deck lockers

- prohibited storage area for paints, oils, leaning fluids • accommodation • machinery spaces

- approved methods of handling between shore and ship in order to avoid: • spillage • ignition from any cause

65

• delay in transporting the materiais from shore to storage

1.3 Fire precautions

.1 Structural fire-protection provisions: - division of the ship into main vertical zones by

thermal and structural boundaries - inert gas protection on tankers - lockers for combustible materiais - use of flame-retardant materiais - flame screens and other devices for preventing

the passage of flame - the use of steel - provisions with respect to the fire main:

diameter, pressure

.2 Fire-fighting equipment and systems for a passenger ship, including:

- distribution and quantity of: • fire-extinguishing gas, CO2 • hydrants and fire hoses • portable fire extinguishers • sprinklers • firefighter's outfits

- arrangements for the supply of power and water, including emergency supplies

- spaces subject to automatic fire detection - provision of emergency controls

.3 Precautions operations required, including: - maintaining cleanliness on board - ensuring observance of smoking only in

approved spaces - keeping doors closed

Class

R1 -Annex2 R2 - Reg. II-2/24 Reg. II-2/62 26.2.2.(14) 2/44.2.2.(9) Reg. II-2/34 Reg. II-2/3 Reg. II-2/4 R11 R2- Reg. II-2/5 Reg. II-2/4 Reg. II-2/6 Reg. II -2/12 Reg. II -2/17 Reg. II-2/4, Reg. II -2/12 Reg. II -2/14 Reg. II -1/39, 42,43,46,47, 48,49,50,51, 52,53,54

B1 -P.13

T2 C1/2

A2- Pl. 3.102

A2 - PI. 3.4

- 3.9

PI. 3.10-3.12

A1

45

10

15

5

66

- maintenance of fire appliances, including fire dampers

- observance of approved fire-fighting methods - observance of regular fire drills and

instructions

.4 The organization and tasks of fire parties, including:

- making best use of available personnel: • need to be flexible in choice • personnel are to be trained to use different

equipment • how to establish who is on board and

available • training in agreed method for establishing

which members of fire parties are in fire zone

- the choosing of assembly points for fire parties: • difference between assembly point and

site of fire • how an assembly point is indicated • considerations in choosing suitable

assembly points • communications between assembly points

and bridge - iniţial and subsequent actions of fire parties on

hearing alarm: • considers dangers of entering a space

which is on fire • observes restriction on the use of certain

fire-fighting media • considers means for resolving conflict

between the need for prompt action and the prevention of wrong action

• has a full knowledge of the muster list .5 Procedures which must be observed when a

ship is in a dockyard for repairs, including:

R1 R2 – Reg. III/8, 53

T1 - Ch. 3

T2 C1/1

5

67

-safety procedures for dockyard personnel -responsibility for fire fighting -control of testing

1.4 Dry distillation

.1 Dry distillation as a combustion process in which a flammable material burns with insufficient oxygen to achieve complete combustion of the material

.2 Example of dry distillation is the making of charcoal

.3 Sequence of events as an example of the danger of dry distillation:

- fire is in a closed space - heat builds up but there is incomplete burning - the opening of an access introduces fresh air - the result is a flash towards the access

opening - persons in the process of entering will be

injured or burned unless they are protected

.4 Dangers of dry distillation may be mitigated by: - cooling the compartment externally by hosing it

with water - entering the access in a crouched position

behind a water screen (spray nozzle) - directing water towards the ceiling of the space

on fire

.5 .Explains, because of the above, the inadvisability of taking hurried action when smoke is seen issuing from a closed cabin

Class

R1

A2 – Pl.8.102

A1

30

5

5

10

5

5

68

1.5 Chemical reactions

.1 Chemical reactions as the effect of the addition of one or more of the foilowing substances to a chemical:

- water - heat - steam - foam - carbon dioxide - sand

.2 The effects as: - explosion from the development of flammable

gas - spontaneous combustion - the development of toxic fumes - the generation of smoke

.3 Chemical reactions during fire fighting are more likely to occur with fires in cargoes and in accommodation areas

.4 Examples of chemical reactions causing or exacerbating fires, including:

- the production of acetylene when calcium carbide comes into contact with water

- the decomposition of steam when applied to coal fires

- the production of hydrogen when Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) comes into contact with water

- oxidizing cargoes, such as some fertilizers, sustaining a fire even if blanketed in an extinguishing gas

- cargoes spontaneously igniting in air, e.g. phosphorus when its packaging gets damaged

- self-heating of cargoes such as grain when wet

Class

R1

B1-p.53

T2 C1/7

T2 C1/1

A2

A2 - PI.8.103

A1

30

5

2

3

8

69

- production of methane in coal cargoes to dangerous levels when ventilation is restricted

.5 Correct response to fire in dangerous goods is given in the Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods

.6 Correct response to fire in bulk materials possessing chemical hazards is given in the Emergency Schedules of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes

.7 Determines the response action for a fire in a given substance with the aid of the General Index of the IMDG Code and the Emergency Procedures for Ships Carrying Dangerous Goods,

.8 Determines the response action for fire in a given bulk cargo with the aid of the Code of Safe Practice for Solid Bulk Cargoes,

1.6 Boiler uptake fires and exhaust fires in prime

movers and auxiliary exhausts

.1 Boiler uptake fires as those occurring in: - uptakes, economizers and air heaters for

steamships - exhaust pipes, economizers and waste-heat

boilers of ships propelled by internal-combustion engines

.2 Usual cause of such fires is an accumuiation of carbon deposits, with or without oil, which become overheated and catch fire

.3 Difficulties and hazards of fighting these fires are:

- inaccessibility of all sections of the uptake in

Class

R5 R6 R5 R6 R1

A2 - PI.8.104

A1

3

3

3

3

30

10

5

10

70

the upper section of the engine room - the possibility of explosion if access doors to

the economizer are opened - the possibility of the economizer tubes

reaching a temperature of 700°C, when the following can take place: • the iron in the tubes will burn in steam • the reaction will be self-sustaining and will

generate heat - the products of combustion will be black oxide

of iron and free hydrogen - the burning of iron in steam will be

independent of a supply of oxygen - the hydrogen produced will burn if air is

introduced - explosion

.4 states that a procedure for containing and extinguishing the fire is to:

- shut down the boiler and/or main engine - spray the externai surfaces in the way of the

fire with water to keep the temperature down - close necessary dampers and boiler change

valve to exclude air from fire - protect essential electrical and other

equipment below the fire zone against water damage

- continue cooling until it is considered safe to open the economizer for examination and thorough cleaning on the fire side

1.7 Fires in water-tube boilers

.1 States that iron-in-steam fires can occur in water-tube boilers due to:

- shortage of water in the boiler causing overheating of the tubes above the water level and undue delay in shutting down the

Class

A1

5

30

10

71

boiler - an uncontrollable soot fire in the furnace after

a boiler has been shut down in a port, coupled with a shortage of water in the boiler causing overheating of the tubes above the water level

.2 States that if fire is discovered before the temperature of the tube has reached 700°C, the preferred method of fire fighting is:

- to direct through burner aperture, or equivalent, the maximum amount of water available as solid jets and through feed pumps to the source of the fire, assuming boiler tubes have fractured or burned

- to keep air casings and uptakes cool by hosing them with water

- to avoid using fire spray nozzles, foam appliances or carbon dioxide directly on the fire

.3 The fire-fighting procedures in competence must be used if the iron-in-steam fire has developed

1.8 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is at sea

.1 When the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency stations procedure are put into effect, for example:

- the crew assembles at the designated fire stations as given on the muster

- the fire parties assemble, on orders from the bridge, and carry out their tasks aimed at containing the fire

- the ship's course and speed are altered as necessary to assist in containing the fire

Class

A2 – PI 8.105

A2 - PI. 8.1-8.3

A1

15

5

30

15

72

- the pumps are prepared to dispose of extinguishing water

- for engine-room fires, the ship is stopped - the maşter decides the most appropriate

method for fighting the fire and this is implemented by the fire officer

- for engine-room fires early preparations are made to launch lifeboats

.2 States that the master controls the fire-fighting operations from the bridge, as indicated in competence 2.1

.3 States that when the fire is extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

1.9 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is in port

.1 When the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency stations procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8 above

.2 Procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire fighters states that the following addition procedures must be followed:

- cali the port fire brigade - inform the appropriate authority - confirm with harbour maşter that the maşter of

the ship will remain in overall charge - confirm with harbour maşter that the fire

brigade will take charge of the fire-fighting operations, assisted by the crew as required

- confirm with harbour maşter that he will keep

Class

R2 - Reg. III/53

T1 - Ch. 2

B1 - pp. 75-103

B1 - pp. 104-131

T2 C1/9

V2

A2-PI. 6.101

A2-PI. 6.102

A1

5

10

30

10

20

73

the maşter informed of any hazards to the dock installation and any actions required

- check who is on board - make preparations for ship to leave port if

required, either by own power or with help of tugs

- evacuate non-essential personnel

1.10 Tactics and procedure of fire control while ship is carrying dangerous goods

.1 The stowage plan should be marked to show the position and class of dangerous goods

.2 States that a fire-fighting plan should be prepared showing which fire-fighting media and appliances can safely be used

.3 States that the dangers and the consequent risk to the crew should be assessed when the cargo is loaded

.4 Wwhen the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8

.5 Danger of rushing into action without knowing the nature of the cargo

.6 When the fire has been extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

Class

R9

V4, V6

A1

30

2

2

2

3

1

20

74

1.11 Tactics and procedure of fire control for oil, chemical and gas tankers

.1 When the fire alarm is given, the fire procedure and the emergency procedure are put into effect, as indicated in competence 1.8

.2 The additional requirements for a tanker include:

- a fixed fire-extinguishing system in the pump room

- remotely controlled foam monitors on the deck - an inert gas system for the cargo tanks - isolation valves fitted in the fire main at the

poop front and at specified distances forward of the poop front to allow: • control of the water supply to the foam

monitors in the event of damage to the fire main

• control of the water supply if the emergency fire pump is in use

- a division into gas-dangerous and gas-free spaces

- strict segregation between cargo spaces and systems and machinery/accommodation spaces and systems

.3 When the fire has been extinguished, a fire-watch is kept, the requirement for emergency stations is cancelled and an investigation into the fire, as indicated in competence 4.1, is begun

1.12 Use of water for fire extinguishing, the effect on stability, precautions and corrective procedures

.1 States that addition of water in large amounts, particularly in cargo hold, causes stability

Class Class

R2- Reg. II-2/63 Reg. II-2/61 Reg. II-2/62 Reg. II-2/61.9, Reg. II-2/4.3.6 Reg. II-2/56

A2 - PI. 6.103 V5 A2-PI. 6.1

A1

A1

30

3

20

7

15

5

75

problem as free surface effect of water will come into effect thereby reducing the GM of the ship

.2 States that draining of particular cargo hold which is flooded to extinguish fire is absolutely important to avoid the free surface effect of water

.3 States that addition of water in cargo holds carrying cargoes such as grain and paper pump is risky as cargo swells which could cause rupture of shell plates and bulk head plates. Addition of water for fighting fire in such cases is to be judicially monitored during the.entire fire-fighting operation

1.13 Communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations

.1 States that communication and co-ordination during fire-fighting operations is two-fold, i.e. internai communication and co-ordination in the ship and externai with the management representatives of owner, classification society and coastal states for externai assistance

.2 States that master is in charge of the entire fire-fighting operation.

.3 States that the internai communication with control station, site of fire and maşter shall adhere to the contingency plan

.4 States that walkie-talkie and ship's internai telephone systems are vital in developing internai communication in addition to direct communication by messengers

Class

V3

A1

5

5

15

76

.5 States that externai communication links should be documented in contingency plan, including links to ship owner, classification society and neighbouring states

1.14 Ventilation control including smoke extractor Required performance:

.1 States that ventilation system is the weakest spot in zonal system of passenger and crew accommodation and must be controlled so that fires do not propagate from one zone/compartment to the adjacent one through ventilation ducts

.2 States that the respective ventilator flaps and draught stops must be closed to avoid spread of fire to adjacent compartments

.3 States that accommodation A.C. blower suction flaps must be closed during accommodation fire

.4 States that cargo hold ventilation flaps must be closed in the hold affected by fire

.5 States that engine room ventilation flaps must be closed in case of engine room fire

.6 States that smoke extractor and smoke sampling devices are used for large ro-ro and passenger ships carrying more than 36 passengers. States further that smoke extractor systems shall be used only at the discretion of the maşter to evacuate passengers and facilitate fire fighting thereafter. States that the

Class

A1

15

5

2

2

2

2

2

77

capacity of the smoke extractor shall be one change of air in 10 minutes

1.15 Control of fuel and electrical systems (0.25 hour)

.1 States why shutting off fuel supply from settling tanks is essential in engine-room fires

.2 States that closing off fuel to main engine and auxiliary englnes is required from outside engine-rooms in case of major engine-room fire

.3 States that fuel transfer pumps and separators need to be shut off at the time of a major engine-room fire

.4 States that electrical systems should be shut off in accommodation, engine-room, pump-room and cargo spaces as applicable in case of fire

1.16 Fire precautions and hazards associated with the storage and handling of materials (paints etc.)

.1 States that a fixed fire-extinguishing system is provided in paint locker of the ship. The system must be tried during fire drill so that it is readily available when needed

.2 States that the ships are permitted an accommodation area up to a maximum space of 0.4 m2 not provided with fixed installation. Combustible materials should not be stored in such spaces

.3 States that storage of lubricating oil drums are to be in safer space, preferably on main deck to facilitate jettison in case of emergency

Class Class

A1

A1

15

5

3

3

4

15

3

3

3

78

.4 States that additional precautionary measures are to be taken for dangerous cargo stowage as per dangerous cargo code and its E.M.S.

.5 States that engine-room should be kept clean and oil drums containing oil should not be stored in engine-room

1.17 Management and control of injured persons

.1 Describes the main hazards arising from fires for the health of personnel as:

- asphyxiation - poisoning - damaged tissues - bumtskin - pain - secondary shock

.2 Explains that: - asphyxiation may be the result of:

• fires causing oxygen shortage • an extinguishing gas replacing air

- poisoning may be caused by: • carbon monoxide, which is produced in

most fires • toxic combustion products of fire

- damaged tissue may iead to: • loss of function of parts of the body • infection • mutjlation/scarring/disfigurement

- bumt skin may interfere with its breathing function, which may cause death

- secondary shock is a serious condition, caused by the collection of body fluids in blisters, and must always be suspected except with minor burns

Class Class

R1

A2 - PI. 9.101

A1

3

3

90

5

10

79

.3 States the importance of first-aid measures being followed up with medical treatment

.4 Describes the first-aid measures in cases of asphyxiation and poisoning as:

- removal of victim from danger area; thereafter: • if unconscious, placing victim in the

recovery position • in the absence of a puise, appiying cardio-

pulmonar resuscitation

.5 Demonstrates: - putting a person in the correct recovery

position - the application for artificial respiration (mouth

to mouth/nose) - the application of cardio-pulmonary

resuscitation - describes the first-aid treatment for burns as: - extended flushing with water or submerging

the affected parts in water - injection of morphine if the victim is in great

pain

.6 States that bandaging and treatment for shock are equally important but should not be done as a first-aid measure

1.18 Procedures for co-ordination with shore-based fire fighters

.1 States that shore fire fighters must be informed in case of fire in port. Maşter and ship staff must take immediate action to control fire as per contingency plan till the shore fire fighters arrive

Class Class Demo Class Class

A1

3

7

60

5

15

3

80

.2 States that it is possible to get expert advice from the management representatives, owners, classification society and neighbouring countries in case of fire at sea. The present day satellite communication system is very prompt in such emergencies

.3 States that the shore-based help may be available in major fires by helicopter landing of experts from nearest land

.4 States that stability information and flooding/pumping sequence can be obtained from classification societies through their computer software

5

3

4

LESSON PLAN No. 2


SUBJECT AREA: Competence 2: Organize and train fire parties

81


Teaching method

IMO Reference


Teaching Aid


Lecture notes

Time (min.)

2 2.1 Preparation of contingency plans

.1 States that the central control station will be on the bridge

.2 States that the master will be in charge

.3 Thefire officer/officers will report to the bridge and receive instructions

.4 Information which central control station requires, including:

- the time at which the fire alarm was given - the position and nature of the fire - confirmation that fire parties are at their

assembly points and that the firefighter's outfits are available

- confirmation that the fire main is pressurized - report on iniţial attempts to extinguish fire

using portable extinguishers

Class

R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R14

A2 - Pl. 4.102

A1

15

1

1

3

82

- report on effect of fire on services, e.g. lighting - report on persons present or trapped in

compartments or unaccounted for

.5 Information which should be available on the bridge, including:

- arrangement drawings, in a convenient size, of ship, engine room and accommodation

- details of accesses and escapes from the different zones of the ship

- details of fire-extinguishing equipment, both fixed and portable, for the entire ship, including storage position of refills

- stability information - details of survival equipment and where it is

stored - stowage plâns - information on dangerous goods

.6 Communication co-ordination methods available, including:

- telephones - loud hailers - direct speech, e.g. bridge to machinery control

room - radio telephones, hand-held radios - messengers

.7 Methods of damage control and containment of fires, including:

- bridge-operated closing of watertight doors and release of fire doors to their shut position

- stopping of ventilation fans and closing of dampers on funnel and other places

- closing of all windows and portholes in accommodation, galley and other spaces

- turning ship to give best position relative to wind direction for fighting the fire

R2-Reg.II 2/20

T1 - Ch. 5

A2-Pl. 4.104

A1

2

1

3

83

- cooling boundary bulkheads - using fire blankets as necessary - maintaining fire watch after fire is extinguished

.8 Explains how the stability of the ship is monitored and controlled, due to use of water for fire extinguishing:

- calculating the change in GM caused by the weight of the extinguishing water and as free surface effect

- arranging pumping or draining of fire-fighting water from affected spaces, including cutting holes in ship's side

- for cargo fires, calculating the effect of having to move cargo to attack a fire

- assessing the effect of any damage which causes spaces to be flooded by seawater

- considering possibilities of moving vessel to shallow water or even allowing it to ground

2.2 Composition and allocation of personnel to fire parties (0.75 hour)

.1 Explains the organization of fire parties, including:

- how each fire party is identified - how each member of a fire party is identified - what the safeguards are for keeping in contact

with each person and knowing his position - the duties of each fire party, including:

• the reconnaissance team, equipped with portable fire extinguishers

• the fire hose team • the help, search and first-aid team • the technical team for checking lifts,

closing fire dampers, controlling ventilation fans and fuel shut-off valves, starting emergency generator and emergency fire

Class

T2 C1/10

A2-PI. 4.105

A1

4

45

5 5 5

30

84

pump and for refilling used extinguishers as required and preparing for gas flooding

2.3 Training of seafarers in fire fighting (3.5 hours)

.1 States that, after joining a ship, the crew must be given instruction on the emergency procedures in use and trained in the use of its fire appliances and its equipment, paying particular attention to:

- the location and use of portable fire extinguishers containing: • water • foam • powder • carbon dioxide

- the location and use of mobile fire extinguishers containing: • • foam • powder • carbon dioxide

- the location and use of fixed fire extinguishing appliances, e.g. • fire hydrants, hoses and nozzles • water sprinklers • water sprays • foam system • carbon dioxide system

- the location and use of firefighter's outfit and in particular: • leaming how to don the protective clothing

quickly • knowing where the personal equipment is

stowed and what it comprises • checking and using the approved

breathing apparatus • checking and using the fireproof lifeline

and being familiar with the signalling

Demo

R8 R11 R2- Reg. II-2/17

T1-Ch. 11 T2 C1/8 T1-Ch. 7 T1 - Ch. 9 T1-Ch.10

A2-PI. 5.101 A2-PI. 5.1 to 5.9 A2-PI. 5.10-5.14 A2

A1

210

50

85

codes

.2 Strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship states that, for crew training, realistic but safe fire drills shouid be held in various areas of the ship, including:

• general functions, covering: • starting the emergency generator • starting the emergency fire and bilge

pump • selecting the appropriate valves for

providing water for fire fighting, flooding holds or pumping out bilges

• identifying the emergency controls and their function

- improving personal safety by practice - moving and finding the way in spaces with

restricted visibility - moving through small apertures - finding and removing casualties - using compressed-air breathing apparatus and

the fireproof lifeline in these conditions - machinery spaces, assuming mock fires, e.g.

• fire on diesel altemator due to fuel-oil spray from fractured fuel injection pipe striking hot exhaust pipe

• fire in bilge due to fuel oil being ignited by sparks from welding work in the vicinity

• fire at top of engine room due to lubricating oil leaking from a fractured pipe to the turbocharger bearing and striking the hot surface of turbocharger

• fire adjacent to boiler due to blow-back from furnace

• fire in switchboard caused by loose connection

• fire in the economizer or boiler uptake due to accumulation of soot

- accommodation spaces, assuming mock fires,

Class

T1 - Ch. 10

A2 V3

30

86

e.g. • fire in a cabin due to bedclothes catching

fire from a fallen cigarette • fire in crew lounge due to defective

electrical connection - fire in galley, including:

• fire on top of stove due to spilled cooking fat

• fire in deep-fat fryer - fire in deck container, e.g.

• fire due to defect in integral refrigeration unit

- fire in cargo spaces, taking into account cargo on board, e.g. • in holds, 'tween deck or containers • involving dangerous goods

- ventilation control and smoke extractor - control of fuel and electrical systems

.3 States that the members of fire parties are given training, which includes:

- instruction in the duties of each fire party to which a crew member may be assigned

- instruction in the duties of each member of a fire party and how these duties are allocated, e.g. by number or otherwise

- exercises to make each fire party proficient, inciuding first aid

.4 States that crew members who operate a fire patrol system will be trained to ensure that they are familiar with the arrangements of the ship as well as the location and operation of equipment, inciuding:

- manually operated cali points

- fixed fire-detection and alarm systems - telephones - portable fire extinguishers and their limitations

Class

R2 – Reg. II 2/40.1, 40.6

T1 - Ch. 3 B1

A2

A1

20

10

87

- hydrants, hoses and nozzles

.5 Demonstrates the ability to carry out the exercises listed in 2.3.1, 2.3.2, 2.3.3, 2.3.4 above

.6 Recharges, repairs and maintains portable fire extinguishers

2.4 Fire control plans (0.25 hour)

.1 States that the fire control plans must be checked periodically to ensure they are legible and up-to-date

.2 States that the duplicate set of fire control plâns or the booklet containing them, which are for the assistance of shoreside fire-fighting personnel, are checked to confirm that they are in good condition

.3 Checks that the guide signs to the duplicate plâns are intact and distinct

2.5 Organization of fire and abandon ship drills

.1 States that drills shall, as far as practicable, be conducted as if there were an actual emergency

.2 States that every crew member shall participate at Ieast one abandon ship drill and one fire drill every month

.3 Fire drills: - states that fire drill should be planned in such a

way that due consideration is given to regular practice in the various emergencies that may

Aplic. Class Class Class

R10 R2 - Reg. II-2/20.1,20.2 R13

A2

A1

A1

80

20

15

5

5

5

45

5

5

20

88

occur depending on the type of ship and the cargo

- States that while conducting fire drills the following procedures should be followed: • • reporting to stations and preparing for

the duties described in muster list • starting of a fire pump, using at least the

two required jets of water • operation and use of fire-extinguishing

appliances • checking and using firefighter's outfit and

other personal rescue equipment • testing of relevant communication

equipment • operation of watertight doors, fire doors,

fire dampers and main iniets and outiets of ventilation systems in the drill area

• checking the necessary arrangements for abandoning the ship

.4 States that the equipment used during drills shall immediately be brought back to its fully operaţional condition

.5 States that any faults and defects discovered during the drills shall be remedied as soon as possible

.6 Abandon ship drills: - states that while conducting abandon ship

drills the following procedures must be followed: • abandon ship drill is called by raising

particular alarm followed by announcement on the public address or other communication systems. AlI passengers and crew shall be familiar with this alarm and announcement

• on hearing alarm, crew shall report to

3

2

10

89

stations and prepare for the duties described in muster list

• passengers and crew are suitably dressed • lifejackets are correctly donned • preparation and lowering of at least one

lifeboat • starting and operating the lifeboat engine •

• launching method of liferaft is expiained • a mock search and rescue of a crew

member trapped in cabin is carried out • instruction in the use of radio life-saving

appliances - states that different lifeboats shall be lowered

at successive drills - states that rescue boat other than lifeboats

shall be launched each month with their assigned crew aboard and manoeuvred in the water

- states that emergency lighting for mustering and abandonment is tested at each abandon ship drill

2.6 Strategies and tactics for control of fires in various parts of the ship

.1 States that the fire can occur in the: - engine-room - accommodation - galley - storerooms - cargo spaces

.2 States contingency plans are required to be drawn for every type of emergency on board, particularly for fire and abandon ship:

- demonstrates use of the integrated approach to contingency planning for shipboard emergencies

Class

A1

30

15

15

- explains how tactics and strategies for control of fires in engine room, accommodation and cargo spaces differ

- states that tactics and strategies for control of engine room fires involves management and fire-fighting techniques of hot oil and exhaust gases

- states that control of accommodation fires may be achieved by confining the fire within the zones bounded by A-60 bulkheads and cutting off ventilation

- states that fighting cargo space fires is complex and involves special training for fighting fires involving bulk, oil, chemical and gas cargoes as well as dangerous cargoes

- states that BC Code, SOLAS Chapter II-2, IBC and IGC Codes and EMS for Dangerous Cargoes contain essential data for use in setting strategies

- states that composition and organization of fire control parties ensure prompt and effective implementation of emergency plâns and procedures

90

LESSON PLAN No. 3


SUBJECT AREA: Competence 3: Inspect and service fire detection and extinguishing systems and equipment


Teaching method

IMO Reference


Teaching Aid


Lecture notes

Time (min.)

3 3.1 Fire alarms

.1 States that for the fire alarms and the actuating switches:

- a plan should be available which shows their positions

- a schedule should be prepared that shows dates when surveys, inspections, maintenance and testing should be carried out

- a record should be kept of defects found and of repairs carried out

- the manufacturer's instruction manuals should be used as a basis for the schedule referred to above, which should include at least: • inspection for damage or omissions in

wiring and equipment • cleaning of electrical contacts and

switches

Class

R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3 R12 R2 - Reg. LI-2/20

A2-PI. 7. 101,7.102

A1

30

5

5

5

15

91

92

• testing of the system and proving that all equipment operates correctly

3.2 Fire detection equipment

.1 States that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 above should be prepared and operated

.2 States that additionally the maintenance schedule should include:

- testing the correct operation of each head or probe, as appropriate, for: • smoke (ion) detectors • flame detectors (infrared or ultraviolet rays

from the flames) • heat detectors (thermal contact) • rate of change of temperature detector • bursting temperature of sprinkier bulb in a

sprinkier system - cleaning and checking of contacts and other

components in the control box and ensuring that connection to the fire alarm system operates correctly

3.3 Fixed fire extinguishing equipment

.1 States that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 above should be prepared and operated for each type of fixed fire extinguishing equipment

.2 States that the maintenance schedule for a sprinkier system should also include:

- Checking that the water level and air pressure in the pressure vessel are correct and, or not, adjusting as required

- Checking that the sprinkler pump starts if pressure is reduced to the correct level

Class Class

T1 - Ch. 1

A2 A2

A1

A1

60

25

35

105

15

15

93

- checking that all zone and stop valves are workable and are in the correct position for service

- checking that all sprinkler bulbs are unobstructed

.3 States that the maintenance schedule for a carbon dioxide system should also include:

- testing the level of liquid gas in the cylinders by: • the isotope method • the weighing method

- checking that the siren that gives warning that gas is about to be released operates correctly

- checking that the gas outlets in the spaces protected are unobstructed

.4 States that the maintenance schedule for a fixed pressure water spraying system should also include:

- checking that the nozzles are unobstructed - checking that the valves operate correctly

.5 States that the maintenance schedule for a foam system should also include:

- checking (on tankers) that the deck monitors operate correctly

- checking that for engine-room applications the foam outlets and spreaders are clear and that the pipes are free of corrosion products

3.4 Fire main, hydrants, hoses and nozzies and pumps

.1 States that a scheme similar to that in 3.1 should be prepared and operated

.2 Inspection and maintenance of the fire main and its associated piping in terms of:

Class

R2 - Reg. II-2/10.7 R2 – Reg. 2/61

T1 - Ch. 6

A2-PI.7.1 A1 - Ch. 7

A1

30

15

30

60

15

15

94

- testing the system for leaks - inspecting the pipes for corrosion - keeping hydrants and coupling lugs movable - attending to leaks - having alternatives in place when shutting

down or removing a part of the system - inspecting relief valves - keeping adequate spares of handwheels,

spindles, gaskets, coupling lugs, washers and valves

.3 Inspection and maintenance of fire hoses and nozzies in terms of:

- pressure-testing hoses - moving spray nozzies through their operating

range - keeping coupling lugs movable - checking on washers - keeping adequate spares for hoses, coupling

lugs, washers and nozzles

.4 describes the measures that have to be taken in icy conditions to keep the fire main system free of ice as being:

- shut down the pump and close valves as required

- drain all water from pipes - keep checking that the system remains empty

of water - put up warning notices on the bridge that the

fire main has been drained of water

.5 states that the practice of opening one or more hydrant valves does not prevent the system from becoming frozen in certain conditions

3.5 Portable and mobile fire extinguishing equipment including appliances

Class

R4

A1

10

15

5

60

95


.2 States that when a portable or mobile fire extinguisher has been discharged it should be prepared for further use as follows:

- on an extinguisher with a trigger handle, depress the handle to ensure that the cylinder is not pressurized

- remove the top cap, including the cartridge, and then: • clean the cylinder and inspect for any

corrosion if the cylinder is made of steel • check when the cylinder is due for a

pressure test, which is normally done by the suppliers

• check that the discharge pipe and nozzles are clear

• check the operation of the trigger valve to ensure it is fluid-tight and operates freely

• check the operation and tightness of other valves (if fitted)

• reassemble the extinguisher, using the correct media and cartridge

• after the cap has been fitted, fit the safety pin

- write the date of refilling on a record labei on the cylinder

- replace the extinguisher in its previous position or put it in store, as required by the chief mate

.3 States that neither a partially discharged extinguisher nor an empty one should be placed in its previous position before being refilled

Demo Class

T2

15

40

5

96

3.6 Firefighter's outfits and other personal protective equipment


.2 States that, in addition, the inspection and maintenance schedule should include checking:

- that all outfits are in their correct stowage positions

- that the personal equipment is undamaged and complete

- that the battery of the electric safety lamp (hand lantern) is fully charged

- that the breathing apparatus is ready for use - that the compressed air bottles, including al!

spares, are kept fully charged - that, after any use, the breathing apparatus is

dismantled to ensure that all parts are clean and all valves are operating correctly

- that the fireproof lifeline is undamaged

3.7 Rescue and life support equipment

.1 Demonstrates the use of rescue equipment: - stretcher - first-aidkit - self-contained breathing apparatus - hand operated resuscitators - air and oxygen

type - fully automatic resuscitators - rescue harness with lifeline and safety hook - intrinsically safe portable lights - fire axe - fire suit - personal protective gear such as helmet,

gloves and boots

Class Demo Demo

R2 - Reg. II-2/17

T1 - Ch. 9

A1

A1

90

20

70

90

20

97

.2 Demonstrates and states that during search and rescue of injured persons, rescue party shouid carry additional SCBA and a resuscitator

.3 Demonstrates first aid for burns and bleeding to a casualty

.4 Demonstrates resuscitation

.5 Demonstrates and states that in addition to a line, a guide line may also be rigged as rescue aid

.6 States that thermal protective aid, life jacket and life buoys are also used as rescue equipment during abandonment of the ship

3.8 Salvage equipment

.1 States, and demonstrates where necessary, the names and describes the working principles and operations of foilowing salvage equipment:

- fire and salvage tugs - helicopters - hand flares, parachute rockets, smoke floats,

line throwing appliances, MOB marker, EPIRBs, SARTs, two-way communication

- gas cutting set with oxy-acetylene torches - collision mats - signalling flags and morse signalling lamps - rope ladder with boat hook - rescue boat - large capacity salvage pumps and ejector

pumps fitted on fire boat and tugs - oxygen analyser and toxic gas analysers for

entry into enclosed spaces - high-expansion foam system fitted on fire-

Demo Demo Demo Class Class

A2

A1

20

10

10

10

5

30

98

fighting tugs - towinggear

3.9 Communication equipment (0.75 hour)

.1 States that communication equipment used for fire fighting is of two types: internai and externai Communications

.2 Demonstrates internal Communications: - communication by voice, messenger and loud

hailer - two-way Communications with radio hand sets - portable radios including rescue boats and

lifeboat radio equipment - public address systems - intercoms and fixed telephone systems

.3 Explains use of externai communication equipment such as:

- DSC on VHF, MF and HF - Inmarsat-A/-C - all other terrestrial and GMDSS systems

3.10 Requirements for statutory and classification surveys (1 hour)

.1 States that the statutory requirements for fire prevention, protection, detection and extinction are contained in Chapter ll/2of SOLAS74

.2 States that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures while carrying dangerous goods are described in the emergency procedures of the IMDG Code

.3 States that specialized fire-fighting systems,

Class Demo Class

A2 A2

A1

A1

45

15

20

10

60

5

10

5

equipment and procedure for the carriage of fire-prone cargoes in bulk are described in the BC Code

.4 States that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures for the carriage of liquid chemicals in bulk are described in the IBC/BCH Codes

.5 States that specialized fire-fighting systems, equipment and procedures for the carriage of liquefied gases in bulk are described in the IGC/GC Code

.6 States that fire protection bulkheads such as A-60, B-30 and C/F class materials, fire proof materials and low flame spread materials are tested as per fire test procedure code

.7 States that administrations are required to follow the minimum IMO requirements and shall also make naţional rules

.8 States that classification societies' rules are based on IMO requirements and their own particular requirements

.9 States that SOLAS 74 requirements are under constant review and updating and changes:

- smoke detection and extraction system for passenger spaces

- fixed installation for paint lockers - fire-fighting arrangement for ro-ro spaces - definition of control station - inerting ventilation and gas measurement for

double huli space of oil tankers special requirements for ships carrying dangerous goods,

10

5

5

5

5

10

99

LESSON PLAN No. 4


SUBJECT AREA: Competence 4: Investigate and compile reports on incidents involving fire


Teaching method

IMO Reference


Teaching Aid


Lecture notes

Time (min.)

4 4.1 Fire investigation and reporting (2 hours)

.1 States that the investigation into the fire should include recording the following:

- how the fire was discovered - the time at which the fire alarm was given - how the alarm was given - the time at which the maşter or other officer

was informed - the position and nature of the fire - who was first on the scene - what actions were taken for the iniţial attempt

to extinguish the fire - how many firefighter's outfits with compressed

air operated breathing apparatus (CABA) were used

- what appliances were used, both portable and fixed

Class

R1-Anexa 2 R1 – Reg. VI/3 Sect. A-VI/3 Table A-VI/3

A2-PI. 10.101

A1

60

60

100

101

- what manpower was used - at what time the fire was extinguished - the number of casualties, with details of those

injured and the nature of injuries - what damage was caused, including any to the

structure and fittings of the ship - an estimate of what proportion of the damage

was caused by the fire extinguishing media, e.g. water or foam, as compared to that directly caused by the fire

- for how long after the fire was extinguished was a fire watch maintained

- to what extent the ship or any part of it, e.g. the engine room, was immobilized because of the fire

- an analysis of the fire, the materials which were burning, the known or probable source of ignition and the cause

- conclusions on the cause of the fire and recommendations for avoiding a recurrence

.2 states that the report on the investigation will include these details of the fire-fighting procedures:

- the occurrence and a timetable of the fire - the actions taken and the time of each action - the facts concerning the fire, including its site,

materials and ignition - the fire-extinguishing appliances required for

fighting the fire and the numbers of each type used

- the number of crew and shore firemen (if appropriate) engaged in fighting the fire

- the number of firefighter's outfits and CABA used

- the damage caused by the fire - the damage caused by the fire-extinguishing

media - the extent to which the ship or its services

A2-PI. 10.103

30

were immobilized by the fire

.3 States that the report should also contain conclusions from the facts established, including:

- an analysis and discussion of the facts - the conclusions reached from this analysis and

discussion - recommendations on the actions required to

avoid a recurrence - recommendations, if any, to improve fire

prevention and fire-fighting procedures

4.2 Trainee's experience of fires on ships

.1 Describes details of fires experienced: - theircauses - the fire-fighting procedures - the results

4.3 Documented reports of fires on ships and lessons

learned

.1 Describes, after being given the particulars of a ship and its cargo and how a fire was discovered, the iniţial action which has to be taken

.2 Describes, after being given the results of that action, what further measures, if any, are required

.3 Describes, after being given the particulars of the whole incident, how his actions compared with those actually taken on board the ship concrned

Review and assessment

Class Class

A2 A2

A1

A1

A1

30

60

20 20 20

60

20

20

20

102

this course has been developed under ronomar - · pdf filecourse framework 1. aims this model...

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