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SEI/ASCE 23-97

Structural Engineering InstituteAmerican Society of Civil Engineers

Specification for StructuralSteel Beams with

Web Openings

This document uses both Systeme International (SI) units and customary units.

Structural Engineering Institute

Published by the American Society of Civil Engineers1801 Alexander Bell Drive

Reston, Virginia 20191-4400



ABSTRACTThis Specification covers the design of composite and non-composite beams with web openings. Basic design proce-dures involve determination of maximum nominal flexural ca-pacity, maximum nominal shear capacity, and interaction offlexure and shear. Section properties are limited to ensureductile behavior. Rectangular and circular openings, with orwithout opening reinforcement, are addressed. The specifi-cation follows load and resistance factor design philosophy.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Specification for structural steel beams with web openings/ American Society of Civil Engineers,

p. cm. — (ASCE standard)"SEI/ASCE 23-97."Includes bibliographical references.ISBN 0-7844-0300-71. Girders—Specifications—United States. 2. Building,

Iron and steel. 3. Composite construction. 4. Loadfactor design. I. American Society of Civil Engineers.II. Series: American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCEStandard.TA660.B4S64 1998624.1 '7723 —dc21 98-41258

CIPr98

Photocopies. Authorization to photocopy material for internalor personal use under circumstances not falling within the fairuse provisions of the Copyright Act is granted by ASCE tolibraries and other users registered with the Copyright Clear-ance Center (CCC) Transactional Reporting Service, pro-vided that the base fee of $8.00 per article plus $.50 per pageis paid directly to CCC, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA01923. The identification for ASCE Books is 0-7844-0300-7/99/$8.00 + $.50 per page. Requests for special permissionor bulk copying should be addressed to Permissions & Copy-right Dept., ASCE.

Copyright © 1999 by the American Society of Civil Engineers,All Rights Reserved.Library of Congress Catalog Card No: 98-41258ISBN 0-7844-0300-7Manufactured in the United States of America.



STANDARDS

In April 1980, the Board of Direction approvedASCE Rules for Standards Committees to govern thewriting and maintenance of standards developed bythe Society. All such standards are developed by aconsensus standards process managed by the Man-agement Group F (MGF), Codes and Standards. Theconsensus process includes balloting by the balancedstandards committee made up of Society membersand nonmembers, balloting by the membership ofASCE as a whole, and balloting by the public. Allstandards are updated or reaffirmed by the same pro-cess at intervals not exceeding 5 years.

The following Standards have been issued.

ANSI/ASCE 1-82 N-725 Guideline for Design andAnalysis of Nuclear Safety Related EarthStructures

ANSI/ASCE 2-91 Measurement of Oxygen Transferin Clean Water

ANSI/ASCE 3-91 Standard for the Structural Designof Composite Slabs and ANSI/ASCE 9-91 Stan-dard Practice for the Construction and Inspectionof Composite Slabs

ANSE 4-86 Seismic Analysis of Safety-Related Nu-clear Structures

Building Code Requirements for Masonry Structures(ACI530-95/ASCE5-95/TMS402-95) and Specifi-cations for Masonry Structures (ACI530.1-95/ASCE6-95/TMS602-95)

ANSI/ASCE 7-95 Minimum Design Loads for Build-ings and Other Structures

ANSI/ASCE 8-90 Standard Specification for the De-sign of Cold-Formed Stainless Steel StructuralMembers

ANSI/ASCE 9-91 listed with ASCE 3-91ANSI/ASCE 10-97 Design of Latticed Steel Trans-

mission StructuresANSI/ASCE 11-90 Guideline for Structural Condi-

tion Assessment of Existing BuildingsANSI/ASCE 12-91 Guideline for the Design of Ur-

ban Subsurface DrainageASCE 13-93 Standard Guidelines for Installation of

Urban Subsurface DrainageASCE 14-93 Standard Guidelines for Operation and

Maintenance of Urban Subsurface DrainageANSI/ASCE 15-93 Standard Practice for Direct De-

sign of Buried Precast Concrete Pipe Using Stan-dard Installations (SIDD)

ASCE 16-95 Standard for Load and Resistance Fac-tor Design (LRFD) of Engineered WoodConstruction

ASCE 17-96 Air-Supported StructuresASCE 18-96 Standard Guidelines for In-Process

Oxygen Transfer TestingASCE 19-96 Structural Applications of Steel Cables

for BuildingsASCE 20-96 Standard Guidelines for the Design and

Installation of Pile FoundationsASCE 21-96 Automated People Mover Standards—

PartiASCE 22-97 Independent Project Peer ReviewASCE 23-97 Specification for Structural Steel Beams

with Web Openings

iii



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FOREWORD

The material presented in this publication has on the part of the American Society of Civil Engi-been prepared in accordance with recognized engineers, or of any other person named herein, that thisneering principles. This Standard and Commentary information is suitable for any general or particularshould not be used without first securing competent use or promises freedom from infringement of anyadvice with respect to their suitability for any given patent or patents. Anyone making use of this infor-application. The publication of the material contained mation assumes all liability from such use.herein is not intended as a representation or warranty

v



ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE) acknowledges the work of the StructuralSteel Beams with Web Openings Standards Commit-tee of the Codes and Standards Activities Division ofthe Structural Engineering Institute of ASCE. Thisgroup comprises individuals from many backgroundsincluding: consulting engineering, research, construc-tion industry, education, goverment, design and pri-vate practice.

This Standard was prepared through the consen-sus standards process by balloting in complince withprocedures of ASCE's Codes and Standards ActivitiesCommittee.

This Specification and accompanying Commen-tary cover the design of composite and noncompositebeams with web openings. The specification is writ-ten for structural designers for use with the AISC

Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Specifi-cation for Structural Steel Buildings (1993).

The Specification and Commentary represent theculmination of many years of work and rely heavilyon the research efforts of many individuals. Thesedocuments were first written by the ASCE StructuralDivision Task Committee on Design Criteria forComposite Structures in Steel and Concrete and werefirst published in the Journal of Structural Engineer-ing in 1992. The current documents incorporate mod-ifications to the original Specification and Commen-tary that reflect efforts by the Standards Committeeto improve the usability and applicability of the de-sign procedures embodied in these Standards. Thoseindividuals who serve on the Standards Committeeare:

David Darwin, ChairmanUniversity of Kansas

W. Samuel Easterling, SecretaryVirginia Polytechnic Institute & State University

John BaileyHavens Steel Company

Howard BurtonSkilling Ward Magnusson Barkshire, Inc.

Harry A. ChambersTRW Nelson Stud Welding Div.

William C. ClawsonHoward Needles Tamman & Bergandoff

Gregory G. DeierleinCornell University

Rex C. DonaheyEllerbe Becket

Lawrence G. GriffisWalter P. Moore & Assoc. Inc.

Ramon GilsanzGilsanz, Murray and SteficekStructural Engineers

Nestor IwankiwAmerican Institute of Steel Construction

Roberto T. LeonGeorgia Institute of Technology

William D. WallInternational Conference of Building Officials

vii



CONTENTS

PageSTANDARDS iiiFOREWORD vACKNOWLEDGMENTS vii

Standard1.0 General 1

1.1 Scope 1

2.0 Applicable Document 1

3.0 Design 1

4.0 Design Procedure 14.1 Interaction of Flexure and Shear 14.2 Maximum Nominal Flexural Capacity 14.3 Maximum Nominal Shear Capacity 1

4.3.1 General Equations 14.3.2 Top Tee in Composite Beams 2

5.0 Design Criteria 35.1 Steel Section 35.2 Web Buckling 35.3 Buckling of Tee-Shaped Compression Zone 45.4 Lateral Buckling 45.5 Maximum Opening Dimensions 45.6 Tee Proportions 45.7 Corner Radii 45.8 Concentrated Loads 45.9 Placement of Opening 45.10 Spacing Between Opening 45.11 Circular Openings 55.12 Opening Reinforcement 55.13 Composite Members 55.14 Fatigue 55.15 Deflections 5

CommentaryCl.O General 6

C2.0 Applicable Document 6

C3.0 Design 6

C4.0 Design Procedure 6

C5.0 Design Criteria 12

References 16

ix



AppendicesAppendix A—Notation for Specification 18Appendix B—Notation for Commentary 18Appendix C—Glossary 19

Index 20

x



Specification for Structural Steel Beams withWeb Openings1.0 GENERAL

1.1 SCOPE

This Specification for Structural Steel Beamswith Web Openings supplements the Load and Resis-tance Factor Design Specification for Structural SteelBuildings of the American Institute of Steel Construc-tion. This Specification applies to both composite andnoncomposite flexural members in which the steelsection meets the requirements of a compact section.

2.0 APPLICABLE DOCUMENT

Load and Resistance Factor Design Specificationfor Structural Steel Buildings (1993), American Insti-tute of Steel Construction, Chicago, Illinois.

3.0 DESIGN

The strength of a flexural member at a webopening shall be determined based on the interactionof flexure and shear at the opening. Any proceduremay be used that results in prediction of strength insubstantial agreement with results of comprehensivetests. Unless stated otherwise, the provisions of theAmerican Institute of Steel Construction Load andResistance Factor Design Specification for StructuralSteel Buildings apply.

The requirements of this section may be consid-ered satisfied by the procedure described in Section4.0 in conjunction with the provisions of Section 5.0.

4.0 DESIGN PROCEDURE

4.1 INTERACTION OF FLEXURE ANDSHEAR

The interaction of flexure and shear shall be lim-ited by Eq. (1).

where

M,, = Factored moment at centerline of openingK = Factored shear at centerline of opening

Mm = Maximum nominal flexural capacity at opening;occurs when V,, = 0

Vm - Maximum nominal shear capacity at opening;occurs when M,, = 0 at opening centerline

4>0 = Resistance factor for opening design = 0.90 fornoncomposite sections and 0.85 for compositesections

4.2 MAXIMUM NOMINAL FLEXURALCAPACITY

The maximum nominal flexural capacity at anopening M,,, shall be determined from the plasticstress distribution on the net section. When an open-ing is reinforced, M,,, shall not exceed the nominalflexural capacity of the unperforated section withoutreinforcement.

4.3 MAXIMUM NOMINAL SHEARCAPACITY

The maximum nominal shear capacity at anopening Vm shall equal the sum of the shear capaci-ties of the regions below and above the opening, thebottom, and top tees

4.3.1 General EquationsThe shear capacity for an individual tee V,,,,, in-

cluding the top tee in composite beams for which1.0, is given by

(2)

(1)

where

Vp, - Plastic shear capacity of the web of the tee =Fytn.s,/\/3

Fy = Specified minimum yield stress of steeltw - Thickness of webv = Aspect ratio of tee = ajs,', use a0/5^ when open-

ing is reinforceda0 = Length of openings, = Depth of tee

1



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