The Middle Ages

By Wout, Daniel, Kimi and Filip

CastlesIn the middle ages, people built Castles to protect the kings and queens.Most castles were surrounded by channels filled with water called moats.Castles were build close to rivers for washing, drinking water, and to fill up the moatsThe castles that didn’t have moats were built on a steep hill or mountain.The walls didn’t absorb heat, so the inside of the castle was cold

CastlesThe castles were built more for safety, not for comfort.A keep was a watch tower for enemiesThe peasants built a moat by handFirst, people built wooden castles, but when enemies started burning down castles, people started building stone castlesIt took years to build a wooden castleStone castles were more expensive

CastlesCastles were designed to defend enemies.Enemies would attack a castle with Catapults and Flaming Arrows

CastlesA drawbridge let people in and out of the castleThe lady made sure supplies were ordered and bills were paidThe most important part of the castle was The Great HallIn the great Hall, the Lord ate, slept, and entertained himselfThe Great Hall was the only room in the Castles of the Early Middle Ages

Castles Towns were build around the castle, so if an enemy was spotted, the people in the towns would get a warning.The Keep was the strongest part of the CastleThe castle windows were small, so little fresh air came inThe castles did not have comfortable furnitureFood was cooked in big kettles in the fireplaces The walls had big rugs on them

CastlesThe floors were covered with twigs and bits of woodCandles and torches were used to light the wallsUsually, a curtain separated the sleeping area from the rest of the Great HallBy the 1100s, the lord, lady, and their children had a private room called a SolarThe Solar had little furniture

Castles A fireplace in the Solar kept the royal family warmToilets in the Middle Ages were called GarderobesThe toilet channel emptied out dirt in a pit underneath the ground There was no toilet paper, so people used handfuls of hay, straw, or torn bits of cloth.Lords and ladies bathed in a wooden bathtub shaped like a barrel

CastlesThe tub had a wooden seat padded with cloth for comfortDuring winter, the tub was placed in the lord’s or lady’s Solar; during Summer, the bath took place in a gardenServants poured hot water into the tub that was heated in the kitchen By the late 1300s, feudalism ended and European nobles lost their control, meanwhile kings got more powerful

CastlesMany castles fell into ruin or were destroyed by warThe rocks from castles were used to build new homesSome castles were turned into huge houses passed from generation to generation

CastlesAround the 1400s, kings and other wealthy men built homes that looked like castles These modern castles didn't have any furniture at allThese castles didn’t have defensive walls, instead they were surrounded by fountains and gardens

Kings and Queens By Wout It was the king’s duty to create laws for his

people The king had to defend his people from outside

enemies’ kingdoms A king was crowned in an extravagant ceremony

called a coronation Kings ruled over large territories called kingdoms The pope placed the crown on the king’s head Queens came from very powerful families and

were daughters of other kings or great lords Queens offered their husbands advice on how to

rule the kingdom

Kings ruled over large territories called kingdoms. Kings are the ruler of the whole land

KnightsKnights protected lords, queens, and

vassals.Knights wore chainmail for armor.

Chainmail was little round iron circles.Knights’ weapons were spears and

swords. The newer weapons were called crossbows and longbows.

Knights were brave and strong.Knights wore stronger and better armor.

Townspeople

By Wout

Townspeople

By the 1100s, new inventions, such as better plows, made it easier to farm

Peasants grew more crops than they needed to feed their families and to pay their lord

They began to hold weekly or monthly markets at crossroads to trade their products for goods from other manors

Townspeople2

I. Boys in the middle ages started to learn a craft or trade when they were about seven years old

II. They worked as apprentices, or unpaid assistants, to masters, who were experts at the craft or trade

Townspeople3

In the late middle ages, some cities had indoor markets where merchants sold goods of all kinds

Craftspeople and merchants who made or sold the same kinds of goods belonged to organizations called guilds

Guilds decided how much their members could charge for their goods

Townspeople4

In Medieval towns, people were mostly of two classes

They were either laborers who were technically serfs, but did not live on manorial estates, or they were members of the middle class

MerchantsBY DANIEL.D

I. Merchants were people who sold stuffII. They sold food, weapons and other stuffIII. Merchants were poor and they had to work a lotIV. Merchants were weavers, goldsmiths, and food and beverage

sellersV. These people owned shops and earned money by selling

goods, not by fighting or farmingVI. Boys in the Middle Ages learned a craft or trade when they

were 7 years oldVII. Guilds decided how much the product would cost, and made

sure the products were of high quality

Merchants 2By Daniel.D

¨ Merchants were still ruled by the lord¨ They couldn’t do whatever they wanted to do¨ Merchants weren't free and they weren't that lucky¨ They could be killed if the lord told his vassal or

his knights to kill the merchants

THIS IS THE END OF THE PRESENTATION !!!!

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