This is Your Class!This is Your Class!• Your website address is: • http://www.fullfrontalanatomy.com/Bio3.html• On that website are all of the informational components of this

class. There you will find your schedule, syllabus, instructions, ppts, notes, videos, websites etc.

• There is also a wealth of tutorial resources• You must purchase access (or it will come with a new book) to

www.masteringbiology.com When you first create your account, you will enter my class which is MBHOUGHTON81153

• I have made a Facebook Page for your convenience at: www.facebook.com/s14bio3

• I highly recommend that you read your textbook and complete the questions at the end of the chapter. Each chapter has a nice review at the end as well.

• A short word about grades! (all grades fully elaborated on the website UNIT 1)

• Grade  A:  Deeply engaged in course material and classroom sessions. An “A” student asks questions, participates in course discussions and does above average on examinations, papers, in-class exercises homework, labs and pop quizzes. This student attends all labs, completes all lab exercises and  has thoughtful comments and questions. This student did not miss an assignment and has learned an above average amount of information and through quizzes, examinations, and through oral participation is able to interpret their meanings. They present insightful interpretive claims that are unusually perceptive and may be unexpected.

Science can be Fun!Science can be Fun!

Chapter 1Chapter 1• What do I need to learn?• 1. The Scope of Life – what does that

mean?• 2. The Properties of Life – what

properties do living things have that non-living things do not have?

• 3. What are the levels of organization of living things? How is the Biosphere organized?

Setting the StageSetting the Stage• What is the Universe, how did it

come about and why are you asking this question in a biology class?

We are an evolution of the Universe!

We came “out of” the Big Bang

What is Biology?What is Biology?• Technically, it’s defined as bio= life,

logy=the study of.• So, it’s the study of life• First, we need to ask: what is the

composition of life. Then….• we need to ask: how do you know

that something is alive?

Basic Theories of BiologyBasic Theories of Biology

• Cell Theory: all living organisms are composed of cells. The cell is the basic unit of life.

• Gene Theory: traits are inherited through gene transmission. Genes are located onchromosomes and consist of DNA.

• Evolution: any genetic change in a population that is inherited over several generations. These changes may be small or large, noticeable or not so noticeable. 

• Homeostasis: ability to maintain a constant internal environment in response to environmental changes.

• Thermodynamics: energy is constant and energy transformation is not completely efficient.

• How do I know that it’s alive?

B. Living Things Acquire Materials and Energy

1. Maintaining organization and carrying on life requires an outside source of energy (food, sunlight, chemicals)2. Energy - capacity to do work; it takes work to maintain organization of the cell and organism.3. Metabolism - all chemical reactions that occur in a cell.4. Ultimate source of energy for nearly all life on earth is the sun5. Organisms must maintain homeostasis -or keep themselves stable in temperature, moisture level, acidity, etc. by physiology and behavior

C. Living Things Respond

1. Living things interact with the environment in order to find nutrients or energy.2. Responses to environment (stimulus) altogether constitute the behavior of an organism.

D. Living Things Reproduce and Develop

1. Reproduction is the ability of an organism to make another organism like itself.2. Bacteria, protozoans, and other unicellular organisms simply split into two 3. Multicellular organisms often unite sperm and egg -> zygote4. Genes are made of long molecules of DNA that specify how the organism is organized.

E. Living Things Have Adaptations

1. Adaptations - modifications that make an organism suited to its way of life.2. Natural selection is process by which species become modified over time.3. Evolution is descent with modification.

This organism is called a pitcher plant.

What do you think its adapted for?

How the Biosphere is OrganizedHow the Biosphere is OrganizedA. Levels of Complexity

1. The biosphere is the zone of air, land, and water where life is found.2. A population consists of all members of one species in a particular area.3. A community consists of all of the local interacting populations.4. An ecosystem includes all aspects of a living community and the physical environment, including   soils, atmosphere, etc.5. Ecosystems are characterized by chemical cycling and energy flow.6. Climate is the major determining factor of where ecosystems occur.

Each level of organization has emergent properties; however, all new properties follow the laws ofphysics and chemistry.

Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, body systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems and the biosphere will be studied in later chapters.

ATOM

MOLECULE

CELL

TISSUE

ORGAN

ORGAN SYSTEM

ORGANISM

POPULATION

COMMUNITY

ECOSYSTEM

BIOSPHERE

B. The Human Population

1. Humans modify ecosystems for our own purposes.2. Some human activity threatens tropical rain forests and coral reefs.3. Human beings depend on healthy working ecosystems for food, medicines, and raw materials.

C. Biodiversity

1. Biodiversity consists of the total number of species, their variable genes, and their ecosystems.2. Extinction is the death of a species or larger group; perhaps

400 species go extinct each day.3. Preserving our biosphere helps ensure the survival of our species.

1 How Living Things Are Classified1 How Living Things Are Classified

A. Taxonomy: the Discipline of Identifying and Classifying Organisms

1. Organisms are classified according to their evolutionary relationships.2. As more is learned about organisms, the taxonomy changes.

How would you group these four organisms?

Two groups?   Three Groups?

B. Categories of Classification

1. From larger categories to smaller: Domains, kingdoms, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species. (King Philip Came Over For Great Soup)2. In the Kingdoms Plantae and Fungi, the category “phylum” is replaced by “division.”

The three domains of life are Bacteria, Archaea and Eucarya

Some scientists consider a 4 kingdom system and others a 6 kingdom system and still others, a 5 kingdom system (grouping archaea and bacteria together as one)

C. Domains

1. Biochemical evidence breaks life into three domains: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.2. Eukarya have a membrane-bounded nucleus.3. The prokaryotes are structurally simple but have complex metabolisms.4. Archaea vary from regular bacteria; all Archaea live in water, cannot tolerate oxygen, and have abilityto survive harsh temperatures, salts, and acids similar to what was found on the primitive earth.

D. Kingdoms

1. The Archaea and Bacteria are sometimes just referred to as kingdoms as well as Domains2. Eukarya contains four kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.

Comprehension Fail......

DOMAIN KINGDOM Cell Nucleus (Y/N) Number of Cells Method of Nutrition

Eukarya Plant

Animal

Fungus

Protista

Bacteria Eubacteria

Archaea Archaebacteria

Do some research and determine the answers to the questions on this table

Bring this to class on Thursday