thomas jefferson 3 rd president democratic-republican 1801-1807
TRANSCRIPT
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Thomas Jefferson3rd President
Democratic-Republican
1801-1807
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Key Words:
Marbury v. Madison =
Date and Significance of the
Louisiana Purchase =
Lewis and Clark Expedition =
Embargo Act =
Basic Political Beliefs =
-He was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence.
-He served as minister to France.
-He was Washington’s Secretary of State.
-He supported states’ rights and opposed the Federalists. He supported agriculture and small businesses.
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THE JEFFERSONIAN ERA
• Election of 1800 pitted Thomas Jefferson and his Democratic-Republican Party vs. John Adams and his Federalist Party
• While Jefferson defeated Adams by 8 electoral votes, he tied his running mate, Aaron Burr
• For six days the House of Reps took vote after vote until 36 votes later – Jefferson prevailed (Led to 12th Amendment)3rd President of the U.S.
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1800 Election Results
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SIMPLIFYING THE GOVERNMENT Jefferson’s theory of
government, known as Jeffersonian Democracy, held that simple, limited government was the best for the people (“laissez faire” – government does not interfere)
Jefferson decentralized the government, cut costs, reduce bureaucracy, and eliminate taxes
Jefferson Memorial
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JOHN MARSHALL AND THE POWER OF THE SUPREME COURT
• Before leaving office, John Adams (2nd President), attempts to “pack” the Federal courts with Federalists Judges
• Jefferson argued this was unconstitutional
• Supreme Court Chief Justice Marshall rules in Marbury v. Madison (1803) that part of the Judicial Act was unconstitutional
• Established principle of Judicial Review – the ability of the Supreme Court to declare a law unconstitutional
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THE LOUISIANA PURCHASE• By 1803, French leader
Napoleon had abandoned his dreams of an American Empire
• He needed money to fight European wars, so he accepted Jefferson’s offered of $15,000,000
• More than doubled the size of our country
• Lewis and Clark ordered to go explore new territory
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Lewis and Clark Expedition• Their job was to:
• Explore the Louisiana Purchase
• Map it
• Record the landscape, animals, and plants
• Establish good relationships with Native Americans
• They hoped to find a water route across the continent.
Meriwether Lewis
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Sacagawea• After spending the winter of 1804
with the Mandan Indians, Lewis and Clark continued their expedition with a guide.
• Sacagawea was a 17-year-old Shoshone Indian and wife of a French trapper.
• Her language and geography skills proved to be a great value for the expedition.
William Clark (left) and Meriwether Lewis (centre) with Sacagawea, detail from Lewis and Clark at Three Forks, oil painting by Edgar Samuel Paxson, 1912.
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Think about it.• 1. Washington warnings in his farewell address.
What were they?
• 2. The amount of trade the U.S. did overseas.
• 3. Was it possible for us to stay out of foreign affairs when were constantly involved in trading with foreign countries?
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Jefferson’s Foreign Policy• His Expectations:
• To concentrate on domestic concerns at home.
• Grateful to be far away from the chaos (war) happening in Europe and elsewhere in the world.
• Message to U.S. citizens:
• Seek friendship with all nations, but to enter into “entangling alliances with none.”
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Problems with France and England• The British (by 1805), did not want the U.S.
supplying goods to France (cutting off their enemies’ supplies).
• They set up a partial blockade, only allowing some U.S. ships to bring provisions to Europe.
• Britain interfered with trade also by the impressment, or kidnapping, of U.S. sailors to work on British ships.• about 6,000 U.S. sailors from 1803 to 1812.
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An Act of Congress• Congress passed the Embargo Act of 1807.
• 1. U.S. ships were no longer allowed to sail to foreign ports.
• 2. U.S. ports were closed to British ships.
• Jefferson’s policy proved to be a disaster; more harmful to the U.S. than the British or French.-Farmers and
merchants were hurt the most.
-Shippers lost income as well.
Many chose to violate the embargo by making false claims about their destination.
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The Embargo Act
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Election of 1808• The embargo was a major issue in the election.
• James Madison (friend to Jefferson) won the election.
• By the time he took office, Congress had repealed the embargo.
• Madison’s solution: the U.S. can trade with any country EXCEPT France and Britain.
• France & Britain had to learn to respect us.
• But his way proved no more effective than the embargo.