Kinesiology The Movement Analysis

ProjectJames NwachukwuJordan Lowe

Dr. Biren11am-

12:15pm

Demographics:

Name: James Nwachukwu

Gender: Male

Age: 22

Height (cm/in): 167.64cm/ 66in

Weight (lbs/kg): 165in/ 74.85kg

Body Mass Index: 26

What physical activities do you perform that assist you with daily activity?

I am a very active person. Walking is one of my normal daily physical activities. I use walking as a way to get to my destination that is usually fairly close. I also workout as an activity of fitness. My dominant way of exercising is calisthenics. Calisthenics is resistance training with only using my body weight as resistance. Exercises include pull-ups, chin ups, push-ups, body weight dips, body squats, and lunges. In order to prevent any type of injury, I work out different types of muscles in my body. I am also a front desk attendant at my job which requires me to stand for long periods of time. It puts a strain on my lower back. My way of exercising also allows me to pick up heavy objects without straining my muscles.

Are there any injuries that you may have/had in the last 5 years?

I tore my meniscus on my left leg and it disenabled my ability to bend my knee. My leg remained straight and it affected my ability to walk.

Does anyone in your family history have or had a condition that affected range of motion?

In my family, he have a history of arthritis. My mother has arthritis in her right hand located in the metacarpals. Also my grandmother has had knee replacements and recently she began complaining about arthritis forming. Although arthritis is not genetic, I believe due to my torn meniscus, I will also develop arthritis in my knee.

Movement Goals

My movement goals are to:

Increase flexible in my shoulders Increase the range of motion in my left knee. Allow my gluteus maximus to touch my heels without any sort of pain

Increase posture Knee to chest touches

Summary

Based on my own analysis, I believe I am a healthy fit individual. I take great care of my body by providing myself with essential nutrients. By performing in physical activities, it allows my body to remain active and strong. Although I am healthy, I believe my BMI is very high due to my muscle capacity. Areas where I need improvement are my flexibility and my cardio.

Neutral

Cervical Flexion Cervical Extension Cervical Rotation Cervical Rotation

Cervical Lateral Flexion Cervical Lateral

ExtensionGlenohumeral Extension

Glenohumeral Abduction

Glenohumeral Abduction

Neutral Neutral Glenohumeral External rotation

Glenohumeral External rotation

Glenohumeral Internal rotation

Glenohumeral Internal rotation

Neutral Neutral Hip Internal Rotation Hip Internal Rotation

Hip External Rotation

Hip External RotationNeutral V-Sit Reach Thomas’s Test

Thomas’s Test

Straight Leg RaiseStraight Leg Raise

Range of motion

Motion Degree of Motion Range of MotionRight Left Right Left

Cervical Flexion Lateral Flexion Extension Rotation

50457080

45

80

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

YesYes

Shoulder Abduction Flexion Internal rotation External

15015065

15015065

YesYesYes

YesYesYes

Rotation 80 80 Yes Yes

Hip Internal

Rotation Flexion External

Rotation

30

10545

30

10545

Yes

YesYes

Yes

YesYes

After reevaluating my range of motion, I noticed I am more flexible than I thought. There are a few improvements that I can make with my flexibility. I was very impressed with this assignment because it allowed to learn different variations of range of motion. I was more flexible in my hamstrings when I did the V-sit reach. For internal or external rotation, I am not flexible. I feel tension as soon as I try to extend my arm.

Postural Analysis

Frontal ViewEyes Aligned Yes No If no, which side higher Right

Left

AC Joint Aligned Yes No If no, which side higher Right Left

ASIS Aligned Yes No If no, which side higher Right Left

Patella Height Even Yes No If no, which side higher RightLeft

Patella Faces Forward Yes No If no, facing which way Out In

Genu Valgum Yes No If yes, which side R L Both

Genu Varum Yes No If yes, which side R L Both

Feet Face Forward Yes No If no, which one R L Both Facing which way Out In

Sagittal ViewHead Protruded Yes No

Protracted Shoulder Girdle Yes No

Kyphosis Yes No

Excessive Lordosis Yes No

Reduced Lordosis Yes No

Genu Recurvatum Yes No If yes, which sideR L Both

Posterior ViewWinged Scapula Yes No If yes, which side R L Both

Feet Evert Yes No If yes, which foot R L Both

Feet Invert Yes No If yes, which foot R L Both

Although I do not have any major dysfunctions in my anamotical position, there are a few erros that can be accounted for. I have a very slight eversion in my left foot. The reason for the slightly everted foot is caused by overactive muscles. The overactive muscles are the bicep femoris, tensor fasciate ligament, and also the glute muscles. In addition, there are also underactive muscles that contribute to the eversion of my left foot. These muscles include the gluteus maximus and the hamstrings.

Overhead Squat AssessmentFrontal View

Knees Align with foot: Yes No If no, which one R L Both which way valgus varus Feet Face Forward: Yes No If no, which one R L Both which way abduct adduct

Sagittal ViewNormal Forward Flexion: Yes No, excessive forward lean

Normal Lumbar Lordosis: Yes If no, excessive lordosis or reduced lordosis

Arms Remain in Line: Yes No, arms fall forward

Posterior ViewFeet Evert: Yes No

Heels Rise Off Floor: Yes No

Asymmetrical Shift: Yes No If yes which side R L

Frontal View

After reviewing my assessment in the frontal view, everything is lined up correctly. My knees are perfectly aligned with my feet. Also, my feet are facing forward. There are no specifics issues with overactive or underactive muscles. If there was an issue with overactive or underactive muscle that potentially impact the way I squat, they would be my bicep femoris, TFL, piriformis, and the gluteus maximus and minimus. The underactive muscles would be the medial hamstrings and the gluteus medias, along with the adductor complex.

Sagittal View

From the sagittal view, my arms are slightly forward. As a result, the overactive and underactive muscle play a role in causing the slight lean of my arms. I do not have an excessive lordosis. In order to reduce the overactive muscles, the following muscles need to be stretched more often; the latissimus dorsi, both the pectoral major and minor, and the Coracobrachialis Teres major. Lastly, to reduce underactive muscles, strengthening the middle and lower trapezius, rhomboids, posterior deltoids and the rotator cuffs will allow to keep my arms straight up.

Posterior View

In the posterior view, I noticed I have pronation in my right foot. Pronation is when the calcaneal side of the foot comes inward, which tends to be common in African Americans. It also explains why it is very easy for me to twist my ankle. As well as other views, there are both overactive and underactive muscles. The overactive muscles include the peroneal complex, bicep femoris, TFL, and the lateral gastrocnemius. The underactive muscles include; the posterior and anterior tibialis, medial gastrocnemius, gluteus medius and medial hamstrings.

Conclusion:

In summation, I learned that my squat is not as perfect as I perceived. Based off of this assessment, I have come to conclude that I have eversion in my left foot, my arms fall slightly forward, and there is small pronation in my right ankle. In order to improve my squat, I must stretch the muscles that are overactive and strengthen the muscles that are underactive. In doing so, this can alleviate much of the pressures and pain that I feel at times, especially my easily twisted ankle. The Overhead Squat Assessment has helped me realize that my posture is not perfect, and also helped me figure out effective ways to improve my posture.

Gait Analysis Walking Heel Strike Jogging Heel Strike

The heel strike occurs at the moment the foot makes contact with the ground. Heel strike is the first phase of the Gait Cycle and this where an entire stride length begins and ends. When looking at the walking heel strike in the posterior view, my foot is everted. There is also supination in my right foot due to overactive and underactive muscles. In the jogging view, there is supination in my right foot. I also believe there is an external rotation of my acetabulofemoral joint. I could not read much from a sagittal view.

Walk Mid-stance Jogging Mid-stance

At mid-stance, the hip, knee, and ankle are aligned in a vertical position. Mid-stance is the position after heel strike. My left foot as shown in both walking and jogging in the posterior view is everted due to overactive and underactive muscles. I noticed I also did not properly perform a full range of motion in my hips when jogging. I almost dragged my feet on the treadmill. There is also supination in both feet.

Walking Toe-off Jogging Toe-off

The instant the toe leaves the walking surface is considered the toe-off event. The toe-off is after the mid-stance. In the toe-off phase, both the hip and knee is in flexion. There is still supination in the ankle joints as well as external rotation in the tibias.

As a result of performing the Gait cycle analysis, I realized my walking and jogging techniques are not as well as I predicted. In order to improve my stability in walking and jogging, I must stretch and strengthen my overactive and underactive muscles. There is eversion in my feet as well as supination in my ankle joints. My feet are everted due to low strength in my hamstrings. In order to improve strength and stability, I need to perform corrective exercises such as dead lifts, kickbacks, lunges, and step-ups.

Corrective ExercisesAfter reviewing my assessment on the upper extremity, I notice I did not meet the degree

of motion requirements. For shoulder abduction and shoulder flexion, the standard degree of motion is 170°. For both motions, my degree of motion is 150°. I am convinced that the anterior head of the deltoid and supraspinatus are both underactive. In order to fix these muscles, I must strengthen them. A corrective exercise to help with abducting the shoulders are lateral raises. To perform shoulder lateral raises, stand in a shoulder-width stance, with a pair of light-weight of dumbbells with palms facing inward. Next, raise the dumbbells laterally to shoulder level and then back down to the starting position with concentric and eccentric contractions.

Following this, frontal raises are another corrective exercise to help with flexion of the shoulder. It can be performed with dumbbells or a resistance band. I prefer resistance bands. When performing frontal raises with resistance bands, stand with both feet in the middle of the band. Grab the hooks that are located at each end of the band and create a slight tension. Keep a small bend in the elbow as you raise your arm up in front of you to shoulder height and then slowly return back to the starting position. The exercise can be performed simultaneously or

alternatively. In order to strengthen my core and increase stability, I perform core excercises such as the plank, V-sits, and side planks.

Finally, the standard degree of motion for external rotation of the shoulder is 90° and my degree of motion falls short, with a degree of 80°. My external rotators are underactive. A corrective exercise such as external rotations will strengthen the teres minor and infraspinatus which will allow myself to have more range of motion. External rotations are executed by standing and holding a tube at the waist height. The elbow should be flexed almost at 90°, before externally rotating the humerus until the end range of motion. Hold and then return to the starting position. The scapula should be held in retraction.

Upper Extremity

Corrective ExercisesLateral Raises Frontal Raises with

Resistance bandExternal Rotations

Planks

The planks target the rectus abdominals, transverse abdominals, and internal and external oblique. It aids in keeping proper posture and reducing back pain. To perform a plank, I lie face down on the floor with feet together and forearms on the ground. I tighten my abs and gluteus as I lift my entire body off the ground until it forms a straight line from head to toe, keeping chin tucked and back flat with only resting on my forearms and toes. I hold it usually between 30 seconds to a minute and then return to the ground.

Side-planks

It strengthens abdominal and back muscles, particularly the transversus abdominis, rectus abdominis, obliques and quadratus lumborum. It also targets the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus in the hips. As you lay on your side, keep your shoulders, hips, knees and feet in one

straight diagonal line, and make sure your neck and head continue the line of your spine. I perform the exercise between 30 seconds to a minute.

Lower ExtremityIn the final analysis of my movement analysis project, as well as problems in my upper

extremity, I noticed a few problems in my lower extremity. I have an excessive pronation of my right foot. Next, I noticed an underactive gluteus medias. The correct range of motion in the internal rotation of the hip is 35°. My range of motion for internal rotation falls 5° short. Finally, my hamstrings are weak when considering the hamstring to quadriceps ratio. In order to fixed these deficiencies and improper range of motion, I performed the following exercises: inversion exercises, lateral walks with resistance, internal rotation stretch, and single leg bridges on a stability ball.

Inversion Exercises

In order to correct the over pronation of my right foot, I must train the peroneal which consists of the anterior and posterior tibialis. The over-pronation is due to an overactive peroneal that must be stretched. Over pronation strains the tibias which leads to medial tibial stress syndrome. In order to reduce over pronation, I perform inversion exercises. I place a band around both of my feet so that resistance pulls one foot into pronation while the other foot stabilizes. The exercise will attempt to supinate the foot that is overly pronated. Perform the exercise for 15 sets of 3 second holds. This exercise helps to maintain proper walking to those who tend to overly invert or pronate. Due to the lack of equipment, I had to improvise with the exercise to form

inversion exercises. I had Devon apply the resistance to perform pronation and supination movements. Please excuse the picture.

Standing Lateral Hip Raises

I have an underactive gluteus medius which needs to be train in order to prevent valgus motions occurring at my knee. When performing the exercise, I use a resistance band wrapped around my ankles. I then stand erect and with the leg that has the resistance, I laterally abduct my hips concentrically and eccentrically as far as possible and back into the starting position. If possible, you may add a squat into the exercise.

Internal Rotation Stretch

The correct range of motion for the internal rotation of the hip is 35° and my hip ranges at 30°. Although, there is not a significant difference, I thought I still needed a corrective exercise in order to increase my full range of motion. To perform the internal rotation stretch, I lay on my back and place my foot of the leg being stretched on the contralateral knee. Next, I pull my knee of the leg being stretched toward the contralateral shoulder. It helps with increasing my range of motion into 35°.

Single Leg Bridges on Stability Ball

In addition to stretching the core, it also helps strengthening the hamstrings. It is very vital to have strong hamstrings because hamstring act as a braking force to prevent shear forces created by the quadriceps and also preventing ACL tears. My hamstrings are weak considering they do not fulfil the hamstring to quadriceps ratio (2:3). Single leg bridges are a form of exercise to strengthen the hamstrings. I begin by lying prone with one leg straight in the air and the other extended with the heel on a stability ball. I push the heel down into the ball, raising the hips so that the knee, hips, and shoulders are in a straight line. Next I flex the knee and roll the body towards the body. this conditions the proprioceptors and strengthen the hamstrings at both the hip and knee joint, training active insufficiency.