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RAW INK A Magazine by SLRTCE

THOUGHT FOR THE MONTH

“Creative work increases happiness and brightness.”

FACT LIST

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C ONTENTS

SECRETARY’S MESSAGE ACHIEVEMENTS RECENT EVENTS KNOWLEDGE SECTION ART & CULTURE SECTION OTHER ACTIVITIES ENTERTAINMENT & FUN

College Survey

Should College devote a period for other contemporary learning?

Yes 95.5%

No 4.5%

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HON. SECRETARY’S MESSAGE

Motto Stride Ahead Modern Learning

“The art challenges the technology, and the technology inspires the art.”

– John Lasseter

Vision, Mission and Valued Strategy, three epithets we aspire to implement for the triumph of educational objectives that our college had already planned before its scintillating coming out on the stage of recent Educational Field. We have always tried to impart our pupils the most recent and realistic quality erudition through our highly intellectual and talented faculty. Our focal point has always been to provide them sound infrastructure equipped with all adequate aids, entailed to create a congenial and prolific milieu for them to develop as responsible members of the society who could combat today’s competitive world with their exceptional brainpower and knowledge par excellence. We aim at to achieve our objectives by adhering to our mission to equip our trainees with elevated skills and profound genius together with ethics and integrity – two exceedingly indispensable human virtues.

The mission of Tiwari College is to promote the most recent industrial acquaintances through the mode of formal pedagogy. Our students are just on the threshold of the wide exposed corporate world with its cut throat competitive framework. The management and the staff of Tiwari College is mindful enough to gratify the needs of young brains. Thus, the preoccupation for the most nurturing and constructive environment, in which all the students can develop their creative potential, is evident from the commitments and dedication attested by the organization time to time. The management and staff of Tiwari College is committed to implement quality policies to foster attitude and wholeheartedness among students. Our consistent efforts and impetus therefore have been a progressive venture in all-round development of learners. It also enables them to envisage and recognize their individual aim and aspiration in a viable worldwide economy.

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ACHIEVEMENTS

CONVOCATION

(Our Achievers)

Electronics & Telecommunication Engineering

1. Dhage RupeshSubhash

2. Sawant Ninad Satish

3. Khan Aasma Anwar

4. Oza Deep Rajnikant

5. Mane Priti Ashok

Electronics Engineering

1. Vankit Abhishek Ashok

2. Madan Harshit Sunil

3. Kannojiya Kavi Ramesh

4. Kadam Ramesh Uttam

5. Yadav Sandeep Parshnath

Computer Engineering

1. Raval Aditya Hiteshbhai

2. Naik Shivali Ashok

3. Ray Karan Gunapal

4. Rane Amar Balkrishna

5. Pal Amit Kumar Shobhnath

Information Technology Engineering

1. PednekarShrikrishnaSudam

2. Sudarshan Shankar

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3. Sharma Ekta Anil

4. TiwariAlkaLalchand

5. WarsiHazikaRauf Ahmed

(Our Teachers) Harish Gadekar (Assistant Prof. Mechanical Department)

International journal of engineering & Advance Technology (IJEAT) ISSN: 2249-8958 Vol-

4 issue-6 August 2015 “MPFI Engine Analyser Software”.

International Conference May 2015 Jawaharlal Nehru University Delhi MPFI Engine

Using Ox rich air energizer improving performance of engine.

Abhay Bendekar (Assistant Prof. Mechanical Department)

Presented paper in International Conference and Workshop on Advances in Mechanical Engineering MULTICON-2015 conducted by Thakur College of Engineering and Technology, Kandivali Prof. (E) “during March 29-March 30, 2015. Topic: Optimization of Injection Moulding process parameters using Taguchi Method, (DOE) Technique.

Presented paper in International Conference and Workshop on Advances in Mechanical Engineering MULTICON-2015 conducted by Thakur College of Engineering and Technology, Kandivali (E) “during March 29-March 30, 2015. Topic: A Service Learning Program for Science and Engineering Students.

Pragati Dwivedi (Assistant Prof. Electronics Department) “Performance Evaluation of Data hiding techniques”, Pragati Dwivedi, Sheetal Jagdale,

has been accepted for presentation in INDIACom - 2016; International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, technically sponsored by IEEE Delhi Section.

“Image Classification using Band Transformation on RGB bands “Pragati Dwivedi1, has been accepted for presentation in INDIACom - 2016; International Conference on Computing for Sustainable Global Development, technically sponsored by IEEE Delhi Section

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RECENT EVENTS

JOB FAIR 2016

Our Chairman, Shri L.R. Tiwari, founder of

Rahul Education Groups, admired and blessed

all the young candidates who stepped away to

take part in a groundbreaking event Job Fair

2016 . He expressed his intense inclination

towards the progress of society by organizing

second Job fair in the history of SLRTCE

college. The first Job fair was held on 18th April

2015 with a footfall of more than 1200

registrations.

Whereas, this year, it was held on 9th January

2016 even on a larger scale with the

registrations crossing over 2300. Students

enrolled for the Job fair were not only from

Mumbai but they came from all other distant

places viz. Ratnagiri, Kolhapur, Solapur,

Indore, Surat, Nagpur, and Pune. The

Secretary of Rahul Education Group, Shri.

Rahul L. Tiwari expressed his best wishes to all

the applicants registered for JOB FAIR 2016.

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Further adding, he articulated his optimistic

and constructive gestures by reassuring

students to organize such Job fairs in the

coming years with myriad eminent

companies to accomplish the target. This

year, the participating companies were:

Reliance, Tech Mahindra Ltd., Asian Paints,

Eureka Forbes Ltd., Global Service Group,

HDFC Group, Infosys, Hinduja Global,

Solutions Precissiasions, Pan Gulf, Dani

Group, Matrix Technologies and many more.

The job fair was a great prospect for the fresh

candidates having both graduation and post

graduate degree. The teacher co-ordinators

involved to make this event a grand success

were – Dr. S. S. Thakur, Dr. Lahu Teli, Mr.

Vinayak Shinde, Mr. Abhijeet Samanta, and

Ms. Usha Bag. More than seventy student co-

ordinators were vigorously led by Archit

Mehta (BE Student) for the smooth and

convenient execution of the event. Hard

work and scrupulous managerial skills of all

the teachers, students and Principal, Dr. S.

Ram Reddy made this event a record

breaking and thriving one by providing all

the candidates numerous excellent

employment opportunities. It was truly a day

to remember.

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KNOWLEDGE SECTION

Materials Scientists Make Martian Concrete HARSHIL SHAH

TE-CIVIL

There is growing interest in the goal of sending humans to Mars. Various space agencies have

begun to study the numerous problems such a mission would present, not least of which is

protecting humans during the journey. But once humans arrive on the red planet, they would

require high quality buildings to live and work. They can take certain structures with them but

this can only be a temporary solution. The first colonizers would quickly have to find a way to

build structures using the planet’s own resources. But, how?

Today we get an answer and thank to Lin Wan and Pals at Northwestern University. These

guys have worked out how to make Martian concrete using materials that are widely available

on Mars. This concrete can be formed without using water, thus it would be a precious

resource on the red planet. The key material in a Martian construction boom will be sulphur,.

The basic idea is to heat sulphur upto about 240 °C so that it becomes liquid, mix it with

Martian soil, which acts as an aggregate, and then let it cool. The sulphur solidifies, binding the

aggregate and creating concrete. Voila—Martian concrete.

Of course, the idea of using sulphur to bind aggregates is far from new. Engineers have been

experimenting with this kind of material for at least a century and initially found that sulphur-

based concrete had its fair share of problems. For a start, as sulphur cools, it solidifies to form

monoclinic sulphur and then transforms into orthorhombic sulphur, the stable allotrope at

lower temperatures. But it also shrinks during this process and creates cavities and sets up

stresses that severely weaken the material. What’s more, in the 1970s, materials scientists

studied the possibility of using sulphur concrete to build lunar bases on the moon. They quickly

discovered that in a vacuum, sulphur sublimates—it turns from a solid directly into a gas. So any

sulphur concrete on the moon would quickly disappear into the ether. So an important

question is whether sulphur concrete can be made strong enough and durable enough to be a

useful on Mars.

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To find out, Wan and Co made some. They used simulated Martian soil consisting mainly of

silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide with other components such as iron oxide, titanium dioxide,

and so on. They also tested various different sizes of particles in this aggregate.

The tests were straightforward. Having mixed the aggregate with different percentages of

molten sulphur and allowed the samples to cool into blocks, they measured the physical

properties of the resulting materials, such as their compressive strength and failure

mechanisms. They also chemically analyzed the mix and simulated its behavior. The results

make for interesting reading. It turns out that using an aggregate of smaller particles reduces

the formation of voids, which significantly increases the strength of the material. “The best mix

for producing Martian concrete is 50 percent sulphur and 50 percent Martian soil with

maximum aggregate size of 1 mm,” they say. And it is strong stuff, reaching a compressive

strength in excess of 50 MPa, particularly if it is compressed during curing to reduce the

formation of voids. This strength is also partly a result of the chemical bonds that sulphur

makes with the Martian soil. By comparison, residential building standards on Earth require

concrete with a compressive strength of about 20 MPa.

Wan and Co also say that the atmospheric conditions on Mars are suitable for this stuff. “Both

the atmospheric pressure and temperature range on Mars are adequate for hosting sulphur

concrete structures,” they say. And there’re other advantages. Martian concrete can be

recycled by heating it, so that the sulphur melts. So it can be re-used repeatedly. It is also fast-

setting, relatively easy to handle and extremely cheap compared to materials brought from

Earth.

That’s interesting work. It means that the first permanent structure on Mars should be

straightforward to make. All we need now are a new generation of Martian architects to design

buildings made of Martian concrete that will be suitable structures for humans to live and work

in. Time will be on their side. The first human missions to Mars are a good few years away yet.

But it’s just possible that the first humans to live in these structures have already been born

and are currently growing up in rather different buildings on Earth.

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Can “MAKE in INDIA” make it happen?

ROHIT MISHRA TE-MECH

PREFACE

Make in India is an initiative of Government of India to encourage multi-nationals, as well as

domestic companies to manufacture its products in India. It was launched by PM Narendra

Modi on 25th September 2014. It aims to establish India as a top destination for “export–led

manufacturing” and boost Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows. On the Contrary, industrial

production contracted to a 4 year low of 3.2%! This was primarily due to poor performance of

the manufacturing sector and a sharp decline in capital goods output. So, this is a paradoxical

scenario which raises concerns over the government’s flagship - Make in India campaign.

GLOBAL COMPETITION

China is a world leader in “export led manufacturing” due to which it is also known as “the

Factory to the World”. India certainly faces stiff competition from China in its quest for global

market share. This is because China already produces more than what the world can consume.

Amidst the economic slowdown (especially in Europe), if India intends to enter the export

markets dominated by China, the latter will push its products into the importing countries by

competitive policies such as Devaluation of its currency – Yuan and Dumping of its goods across

countries. An example in the Indian context is the dumping of Chinese steel inside Indian

markets recently, thereby putting indigenous steel facilities at huge losses. Currently, 23 % of

the restructured assets in the Indian banking system are from the steel sector. They will soon

fall into the NPA basket if the situation persists.

CURRENCY DEVALUATION

Rise of native currency serves as an impetus to profits for business houses which export their

goods and services. Hence, an undervalued currency is an incentive for export – driven

commerce.

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The People’s Republic of China has recently devaluated Yuan thrice in order to be competitive

in the global market. Such competitive devaluation of currency in a tightly integrated

international economy may trigger a “Currency War” amongst competing countries.

Secondly, the rise of Asian economies as manufacturing hubs in the post – war period had one

thing common- an undervalued currency. Post World War – II, in 1949, 360 Yen = 1 USD for

next 22 years. Interestingly, 1 Yen= 1 USD in 1871 when it was first adopted. Similarly, Chinese

Yuan was devalued by a magnitude of 74%, 85% and 60% against the USD, Yen, and Hong Kong

Dollar respectively. This under valuation of currencies was a significant factor for these nations

to become manufacturing power houses. It is highly unlikely that India will get a similar

currency advantage as of now.

FLAWS IN MAKE IN INDIA CONCEPT

Highly Manufacturing Centric:

There are many other sectors that contribute significantly to the economy. Service sector and

Agriculture contribute 57% and 26% to total GDP of India respectively. Therefore, only

narrowing down to promote manufacturing is not a holistic approach.

Vulnerability to International Disturbances

If India depends highly on exporting across countries, a deeper engagement with the world

economy would make it vulnerable to international disturbances. World Bank data shows that

in 2014, India’s total trade (export plus imports) was equivalent to 49.5% of its GDP which was

even higher than US (@30%), Japan (@35.5%) and China (@41.5%). However, there are

countries like Germany (the biggest economy of European Union) which grew due to its deep

integration with world economy, which stands at a staggering 84.8% of trade to GDP ratio.

Nevertheless, a deeper introspection reveals that German economy grew at its strengths

(especially because of “Mittlestand” structure of enterprises). This growth took almost a

century to occur and ensured stability, immunity and prosperity. Hence, India should aim at

self-sufficiency and resources should be channelized for domestic consumption as well as

production of goods and services for the Indian Market.

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Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI):

Make in India literally means manufacturing everything in India. Trying to produce everything

domestically and not importing, has not worked in the past (pre-1991 era of Nehruvian

protectionism) because of its anti-competitive policies. To produce domestically, tariff barriers

are created against foreign goods/products, their taxes are increased etc. so that domestically

manufactured goods become cheaper. However, because this reduces competition, domestic

manufacturers become inefficient and costs go up. If before the liberalization period of 1990s,

ISI created large inefficient industrial units -both public and private- this time, the danger of the

story being repeated in Medium and Small Manufacturing Enterprises prevails. Instead of doing

this, optimization of trade should focused upon and trade barriers must be uplifted in certain

areas so that native manufacturers can compete with the best in the world and major

companies can come and open factories in India and create jobs.

Big Fish Phenomenon:

Inviting foreign companies, which are strongly resourced, to Indian Markets which are

predominated by small enterprises would lead to the creation on an ecosystem with big fishes

eating up the smaller ones. This scenario was evident when the proposal for FDI in Retail Sector

was widely protested by the fraternity of shop keepers who would face severe competition

from Retail Giants such as Walmart, if the latter entered India.

THE CONSTRUCTIVE CRITISIM

Faster Implementation and Objective Creation of Public Policies:

The Goods and Services Tax (GST) Bill has been stuck in the pipeline since 16 years. If the

Parliament of India passed this bill, it would be a revolutionary step in Indirect Taxation.

According to a report by ASSOCHAM, the GST implementation would lead to a much needed

reduction of logistics cost by 20% and increase in export volumes by a whopping 6.3%. It would

also create unified markets across the states of India and increased interstate trading may

eventually lead to consumption linked growth.

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Focus on Niche Sector:

Many countries worldwide are famous for their products; Germany for Machineries, Japanese

for electronics and automobiles, and Switzerland for its precision instruments etc. India should

also attempt to nurture its strength as it did during the Green Revolution and White Revolution.

On the technological front, research and development should be adequately funded. India

currently spends 0.88% to 1% of its GDP in R&D, whereas its Chinese and American

counterparts spend twice and thrice of their GDPs respectively. The United States of America is

an example of how the Government institutions can collaborate with private ones to foster and

promote R &D. University of Michigan State and Google Inc. collaborated on a project of a self-

driving car. Apart from this, private organizations are exploring uncharted territories such as

production of Reusable Rockets and Space Exploration projects undertaken by private

corporations such as SpaceX and Blue Orion with active cooperation from NASA. The tax

incentives offered by the US Federal Government rekindled, attracted and accelerated R & D

for Shale Gas exploration which eventually impacted the prices of crude oil significantly.

CONCLUSION

A new industrial order needs to be developed for a country like India by considering balanced

growth inclusive of all sectors, backed by public policies that have an eye for objectivity and

creativity regarding the strength and vulnerabilities prevalent in the Indian socio-economic

system.

The intelligentsia and battery of Think Tanks through the vision of our leaders should eventually

formulate a composite and well nuanced policy that may turn around the economic arena of

India and embark it on a path of progressive growth.

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FEATURES OF MARSHMALLOW

ADITYA SALUNKHE TE-CMPN

Google releases a slightly improved version of Android with Android Marshmallow, it’s pulled

out all the stops. The latest version of Android adds new features like the battery-saving Doze

mode and the brand new Google Now on Tap – and it’s the biggest update we’ve seen to

Google’s mobile OS in all ages.

Doze

Android Marshmallow has new changes deep in the operating system that can allow your phone

(or tablet) to get better battery life. We see this mentioned with update from every company

that makes smart devices, but this time they mean it. If a user leaves a device unplugged and

stationary for a period of time, with the screen off, the device enters Doze mode. In Doze

mode, the system attempts to conserve battery by restricting apps' access to network and CPU-

intensive services. It also prevents apps from accessing the network and defers their jobs,

syncs, and standard alarms. Periodically, the system exits Doze for a brief time to let apps

complete their deferred activities. During this maintenance window, the system runs all

pending syncs, jobs, and alarms, and lets apps access the network.

Doze provides a recurring maintenance window for apps to use the network and handle

pending activities. At the conclusion of each maintenance window, the system again enters

Doze, suspending network access and deferring jobs, syncs, and alarms. Over time, the system

schedules maintenance windows less and less frequently, helping to reduce battery

consumption in cases of longer-term inactivity when the device is not connected to a charger.

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As soon as the user wakes the device by moving it, turning on the screen, or connecting a

charger, the system exits Doze and all apps return to normal activity.

USB TYPE-C

USB Type-C represents the holy grail of

connections. It’s silly-fast, can be used any

way up – and it’s going to be the most

commonly used connection in the next few

years. What’s more, it also allow for much

faster charging than conventional cables: it

can fully charge a Nexus 6P in around two

hours.As you’d expect, Android Marshmallow

is futureproofed with built-in USB Type-C

support, so as long as your smartphone has

the connection, Marshmallow can take

advantage of it.

ADOPTIVE STORAGE

Most Android phones allow you to insert some form of memory card, but previous versions of

Android always treated it as a separate entity. While that’s great if you want to swap memory

cards around – it can be annoying if you want to use the memory card as a permanent storage

solution. That’s where Adoptive Storage comes in. Rather than treating the memory card as a

separate storage space, Marshmallow can treat it like the rest of the memory on your phone.

The result? You can use your memory card space without any fuss.

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NOW ON TAP

One of the biggest changes to Android

Marshmallow comes in the form of Google

Now. Although it may look the same as

before, Google Now is now pre-baked into

every area of the OS, and it’s cleverer than

ever. Google Now’s focus is now on

“context”, and that means the digital

assistant will be better at understanding

where you are, and what you’ll need to

know as a result.

FINGERPRINT SCANNERS

Equipping smartphones with fingerprint

scanners is a growing trend. More

devices are expected to join the party

soon, so the addition of fingerprint

support to Android 6.0 Marshmallow

makes sense.With dedicated fingerprint

support baked into Android, device

makers no longer have to code

everything on their own to make sure

their fingerprint sensor works properly

with the OS. With fingerprint sensors,

users can easily unlock their device in a

secure manner, make payments or log

into various services or applications —

making everything safer and more

convenient.

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CLEAR PERMISSIONS SYSTEM

Android 6.0 Marshmallow also brings a new app permission structure that borrows a page from

Apple's iOS playbook, while adding its own improvements. So far, app permissions on Android

have been an all-or-nothing affair, but with Marshmallow, users will be able to choose which

permissions they want to grant to each individual app. You can install a social app, for instance,

and choose to deny it access to your location information or to your device's camera.

PERSONALISED LOCKSCREEN MESSAGE

Having a stable, fast OS is all well and good, but Google isn’t afraid to inject a sense of

personality into its software. New for Marshmallow, a new textbox just under the lockscreen

time helps personalise your phone – and could be a perfect place for motivational quotes,

important reminders, name tags and much more.

SMOOTHER APP EXPERIENCE

There's another feature that doesn't sound spectacular, but makes a huge difference to your

Android experience. When clicking on app-specific links – such as those for Twitter and

Instagram – previous versions of Android would present the user with an "Open With" dialog

box. As well as being ugly, this also made using Android a less than seamless experience.

Thankfully, Android Marshmallow is much more intelligent and will know which app to open

when you click on a specific link. That means, if you click an Instagram link, the Instagram app

will automatically open and display the content. It's simple, but effective.

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ANDROID PAY

Much like Apple Pay, Android Pay allows

users to store credit and debit card

information on their smartphones, and then

wirelessly pay for goods and services quickly

and securely. To make it more secure,

Android Pay uses a virtual account number

instead of your own, and also keeps a

detailed history of purchases made using the

app.If you’re unlucky enough to lose your

phone, Google has you covered. Android

Device Manager makes it easy to remotely

lock and wipe your Android device in the

event of loss or theft.

NEW APP DRAWER

Marshmallow uses a brand-new layout for the app drawer, and it makes looking for

applications a quicker, simpler process. Rather than scrolling sideways, users now have to scroll

down vertically, and, if you’re too impatient, a search box at the top means you can find the

app you’re looking for by typing the first few letters.

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BRAIN GATE TECHNOLOGY

ZAWA ANSARI

TE-EXTC

Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company‚ Cyber kinetics in

conjunction with the Department of Neuroscience at Brown University. The development of the

brain gate system brain-computer interface is to enable those with severe paralysis and other

neurological conditions to live more productively and independently. The computer chip, which

is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of

the user into computer commands. Currently the chip uses about 100 hair-thin electrodes that

sense the electro-magnetic signature of neurons firing in specific areas of the brain.

Fig.1-Mechanism

The activity is translated into electrically charged signals and is then sent and decoded using a

program, which can move a robotic arm, a computer cursor, or even a wheelchair. Scientists are

developing the brain gate systems underlying core technology in the neuroport system to

enable improved diagnosis and treatment for a number of neurological conditions, such as

epilepsy and brain trauma. Brain gate will be the first human device that has been designed to

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record, filter, and amplify multiple channels of simultaneously recorded neural activity at a very

high spatial and temporal resolution. When a person becomes paralyzed, neural signal from the

brain no longer reach their designated site of termination. However, the brain continues to

send out these signals although they do not reach their destination. It is these signals that the

brain gate system picks up and they must be present in order for the system to work.

BRAINS BEHIND BRAINGATE

The person thinks of moving the computer cursor. Electrodes on the silicon chip implanted into

the persons brain detect neural activity from an array of neural impulses in the brains motor

cortex. The impulses transfer from the chip to a pedestal protruding from the scalp through

connection wires. The pedestal, filters out unwanted signals or noise, and then transfers the

signal to an amplifier. The signal is captured by acquisition system and is sent through a fiber

optic cable to a computer. The computer then translates the signal into an action, causing the

cursor to move.

The brain gate system is a neuro motor prosthetic device consisting of an array of one hundred

silicon micro-electrodes; each electrode is 1mm long and thinner than a human hair. The

electrodes are arranged less than half a millimeter apart on the array, which is attached to a

13cm-long cable ribbon cable connecting it to a computer.

The Brain Gate neural interface system is a proprietary, investigational Brain-Computer

Interface(BCI) that consists of an internal sensor to detect brain cell activity and external

processors that convert these brain signals into a computer-mediated output under the

person’s own control. The sensor is implanted on the surface of the area of the brain

responsible for voluntary movement, the motor cortex. The electrodes penetrate about 1 mm

into the surface of the brain where they pick up electrical signals known as neural spiking, the

language of the brain from nearby neurons and transmit them through thin gold wires to a

titanium pedestal that protrudes about an inch above the patient’s scalp. An external cable

connects the pedestal to computers, signal processors and monitors. The technology is able to

sense the electrical activity of many individual neurons at one time the data is transmitted from

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the neurons in the brain to computers where it is analyzed and the thoughts are used to control

an external device, even 20 and 200 times a second and they work in teams.

The reason a BCI works at all is because of the

way our brains function. Our brains are filled

with neurons, individual nerve cells connected

to one another by dendrites and axons. Every

time we think, move, feel or remember

something, our neurons are at work. That work

is carried out by small electric signals that zip

from neuron to neuron as fast as 250 mph .The

signals are generated by differences in electric

potential carried by ions on the membrane of

each neuron.

Although the paths the signals take are insulated by something called myelin, some of the

electric signal escapes. Scientists can detect those signals, interpret what they mean and use

them to direct a device of some kind. It can also work the other way around. For example,

researchers could figure out what signals are sent to the brain by the optic nerve when

someone sees the color red. They could rig a camera that would send those exact signals into

someone’s brain whenever the camera saw red, allowing a blind person to “see” without eyes.

Basically there are two methods to sense the signals sent by the neurons:

1. ECoG: Invasive method.

2. EEG : Non invasive method

ECOG – ELECTROCORTICOGRAPHY

This measures the electrical activity of the brain taken from beneath the skull. Here the

electrodes are embedded in a thin plastic pad that is placed above the cortex, beneath the

duramater. ECoG is a very promising intermediate BCI(Brain computer interface) modality

because it has higher spatial resolution, better signal-to-noise ratio, wider frequency range, and

lesser training requirements than scalp-recorded EEG(Electroencephalography), and at the

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same time has lower technical difficulty, lower clinical risk, and probably superior long-term

stability than intracortical single-neuron recording. This feature profile and recent evidence of

the high level of control with minimal training requirements shows potential for real world

application for people with motor disabilities. To get a higher-resolution signal, scientists can

implant electrodes directly into the gray matter of the brain itself, or on the surface of the

brain, beneath the skull. This allows for much more direct reception of electric signals and

allows electrode placement in the specific area of the brain where the appropriate signals are

generated. This approach has many problems, however. It requires invasive surgery to implant

the electrodes, and devices left in the brain long-term tend to cause the formation of scar

tissue in the gray matter. This scar tissue ultimately blocks signals.

EEG – Electroencephalography:

The easiest and least invasive method is a set of electrodes — a device known as an

electroencephalograph (EEG) — attached to the scalp. The electrodes can read brain signals.

However, the skull blocks a lot of the electrical signal, and it distorts what does get through.

It is the most studied potential non-invasive interface, mainly due to its fine temporal

resolution, ease of use, portability and low set-up cost. A substantial barrier to using EEG as a

brain-computer interface is the extensive training required before users can work the

technology. Signals recorded in this way have been used to power muscle implants and restore

partial movement in an experimental volunteer. They are easy to wear, non-invasive implants

produce poor signal resolution because the skull dampens signals, dispersing and blurring the

electromagnetic waves created by the neurons. Although the waves can still be detected it is

more difficult to determine the area of the brain that created them or the actions of individual

neurons.

FEATURES:

Brain Gate is a brain implant system developed by the bio-tech company Cyber kinetics in 2003

in conjunction with the department of Neuroscience at Brown University. The device was

designed to help those who have lost control of their limbs, or other bodily functions, such as

patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) or spinal cord injury. The computer chip, which

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is implanted into the brain, monitors brain activity in the patient and converts the intention of

the user into computer commands.

Currently the chip uses 100 hair-thin electrodes that sense the electromagnetic signature of

neurons firing in specific areas of the brain, for example, the area that controls arm movement.

The activity is translated into electrically charged signals and is then sent and decoded using a

program, which can move either a robotic arm or a computer cursor.

According to the Cyberkinetics, website, three patients have been implanted with the Brain

Gate system. The company has confirmed that one patient (Matt Nagle) has a spinal cord

injury, whilst another has advanced ALS.

Fig.4-Sensor

APPLICATIONS:

1. The brain gate neural interface system is an investigational medical device that is being

developed to improve the quality of life for physically disabled people by allowing them

to quickly and reliably control a wide range of devices by thought, including computers,

environmental controls, robotics and medical devices.

2. One of the most exciting areas of BCI research is the development of devices that can be

controlled by thoughts. Some of the applications of this technology may seem frivolous,

such as the ability to control a video game by thought. If you think a remote control is

convenient, imagine changing channels with your mind.

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3. Once the basic mechanism of converting thoughts to computerized or robotic action is

perfected, the potential uses for the technology are almost limitless. Instead of a robotic

hand, disabled users could have robotic braces attached to their own limbs, allowing

them to move and directly interact with the environment. This could even be

accomplished without the “robotic” part of the device. Signals could be sent to the

appropriate motor control nerves in the hands, bypassing a damaged section of the

spinal cord and allowing actual movement of the subject’s own hands.

4. Cyberkinetics is also developing products to allow for robotic control, such as a thought-

controlled wheelchair. Next generation products may be able to provide an individual

with the ability to control devices that allow breathing, bladder and bowel movements.

5. The brain gate system has allowed people with paralysis to operate a computer in order

to read e-mail, control a wheelchair and operate a robotic hand.

6. The system will connect the brain gate sensor with functional electrical stimulation (FES)

system, which uses electrical impulses to trigger muscle and limb movement. The first

version will allow users to make simple movements that could be used to perform tasks

such as eating or drinking using their own arms and hands and under the natural control

of their own brains. The initial version of this FES system would use arm supports. Later

versions, however, do not require supports and will allow users to do activities that

require more dexterity, such as using cell phones or remote controls.

7. The device can be used in an interactive environment; activity surrounding the patient

will not affect the accuracy of the device.

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Fig.5-A paralysed patient using prosthetic arm

CONCLUSION:

The idea of moving robots or prosthetic devices not by manual control, but by mere thinking

(i.e., the brain activity of human subjects) has been a fascinated approach. Medical cures are

unavailable for many forms of neural and muscular paralysis. The enormity of the deficits is

caused by paralysis is a strong motivation to pursue BMI solutions. So this idea helps many

patients to control the prosthetic devices of their own by simply thinking about the task.

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ART & CULTURE SECTION

POETRY

HARSH VYAS TE-ETRX

MUMBAI

When things go wrong as they sometimes will,

When the road you’re trudging seems all up hill,

When the funds are low and the debts are high,

And you want to smile, but you have to sigh,

When stress is pressing you down a bit,

Rest, if you must, but don’t you quit,

Life is queer with its twists and turns,

As every one of us sometimes learns,

And many a failure turns about,

When he might have won had he stuck it out,

Don’t give up though the pace seems slow,

You may succeed with another blow

Success is failure turned inside out,

The silver tint of the clouds of doubt,

And you never can tell how close you are,

It may be near when it seems so far,

So stick to the fight, when you’re hardest hit,

It’s when things seem worst that you must not quit.

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You can be Whatever, You want to be!!!

TEJAS PARKAR TE-ETRX

You can be whatever,

You want to be,

There is inside you,

All of the potential,

To be whatever you want to be,

All of the energy,

To do whatever you want to do,

Imagine yourself as you would like to be,

Doing what you want to do,

And each day take one step,

Towards your dream,

And though at times it may seem too,

Difficult to continue,

Hold on to your dream,

One morning you will awake to find to be,

That you are the person you meant to be,

Doing what you wanted to be,

Simply because you had the courage,

To believe in your potential,

And to hold on to your dreams.

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OTHER ACTIVITIES

MEDICAL CAMP BY NSS

TEJAS PARKAR TE-ETRX

Health Care programs always create a

significant impact in terms of providing

better health care to the marginalized

sections of our society especially, children

in the villages. In this connection, under

National Service Scheme (NSS), Shri L. R.

Tiwari College of Engineering conducted a

medical awareness camp on 26th

December, 2015 in the district of Vaitarna,

Maharashtra.

The students under the guidance of teachers

conducted the camp in six villages - Dahisar,

Jambudpada, Kurkuripada, Samannpada,

Patilpada and Muddulpada. Students

participated in a great number as volunteer

for the noble cause. The villagers and the

school going children were thrilled to attend

the camp. Around 200 people attended the

much anticipated medical camp. NSS team

conducted a “medical awareness skit” to

enlighten the people about the various

diseases that are commonly prevalent in the

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Environment and are dangerous to children’s health. Girls in the age group 13 and above were

given counseling about adolescent health and problems.

School children and the villagers were given free treatment. It was exhilarating to see the smiles

on the faces of the villagers because it is one of the most rewarding things to bring a smile on

someone’s face. The volunteers wholeheartedly helped them, guided them, and managed the

event in a profound way. Free “health kits” were provided to the school children. Because of

participation of several people the “MEDICAL AWARENESS CAMP” was a huge success.

The students of SLRTCE had a lot of fun in organizing the camp and were really delighted by the

response of the people. The ecstatic response really motivated the students to organize such

events in the future. The overall experience was quite overwhelming. NSS members learnt so

many new things. They will never forget this experience. The memories will remain forever.

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ENTERTAIMENT & FUN

STREET FOODS IN MUMBAI

ARCHIT MEHTA BE-MECH

Mumbai is surely incomplete without its very famous street food. Yes, perhaps this is the best

city to enjoy some awesome street foods from around the world! This city has many things for

everyone and maybe that’s the reason we say “YE HAI BAMBAI MERI JAAN! “. I am personally

not a big-time foodie. But yea, I like to hop on those places having some awesome stuff to eat.

(Still miss our college’s Chinese samosa though!).

Food is one of the characteristics of the city. Our city is known for its distinctive street foods.

Although street food is common all over India, but in Mumbai it is noted because people from

all economic classes eat on the roadside almost round the clock and it is sometimes felt that

the taste of street food is better than restaurants in the city. Many Mumbaikars like a small

snack on the road in the evening. People of Mumbai cut across barriers of class, religion, gender

and ethnicity are passionate about street food. And the food is so good that I have personally

seen people selling things like: - Bombay Chat, Bombay Sandwich, Bombay Vadapav, etc. in

cities like Vadodara, Delhi, Shimla, Srinagar, & Pune.

People of Mumbai have an unmistakable sense of pride when it comes to our street food. Be it

something as local as the humble vadapavs to the exotic momos hailing all the way from the

North East. But what adds that extra burst of excitement and flavor is the unique modifications

introduced by our local street cooks. Transforming something as simple as regular paanipuri to

vodka paanipuri, Mumbai’s street food truly ranges from the ingenious to the eccentric!

It’s always great experience to have some tasty food in McDonalds, CCD, KFC, Dominoes, Pizza

Hut, Faaso’s and many more such food chains around. But sometimes, trying out some tasty

street food is surely fun. Everyone must be well versed with the slang we use to call such areas

as “KHAU GALLI’s”. So this article is for all those who are food enthusiastic and like to have

some new things to eat. Let’s begin with this awesome list.

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PAVBHAJI

A five-minute walk from Mumbai Central station,

Sardar's Refreshments specialises in straight-from-

the-streets, finger-licking pavbhaji. It's hidden behind

white barriers, but mutter "Pavbhaji?" to any

passerby and they will point you in the right direction.

Another great alternative to Sardar’s is Cannon

PavBhaji which is right opposite CST station. Two

metal plates arrive within minutes: one containing

thick vegetable masala straddled by a slab of butter,

the other with fluffy rolls so well buttered the bread's

yellow. Another location to look out for some great

pavbhaji is the food stalls at Juhu Chowpatty !

VADAPAV

It's every Mumbaikar's grab-and-go snack. Everyone

from students to businessmen flock to the Anand

stall, under a purple and green awning, which whips

up more than a thousand a day. An added touch is a

plate of rock-salted fried green chillies, which aren't

nearly as fiery as you might think. Cool off with mini

bottles of sweet lassi from the stall to the left. The

store is located just opposite Mithibai College in Vile

Parle. Besides Anand’s, Ashok VadaPav in Prabhadevi is

also very popular for its authentic taste of vada. We do

have those Jumbo-king stores all over Mumbai. But the

one with the DESI TAKDA is always the best !

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BHELPURI / DAHIPURI / RAGDAPURI

Our local food is surely incomplete without these

three awesome chats. And infact these chats are so

popular that they are also made in other

cities. Chowpatty Beach is the home of bhelpuri,

where it should be eaten while strolling along the

shore. Try Sharmajee's (No 22) or Badshah's (No

11), amid the cluster of stalls opposite the Levi's

Store, where rugs are spread out and bhelpuri

"touts" will bring it over to you. For an alternative’s

you can visit food stalls at Juhu beach.

FRANKIE For all the Frankie lovers, the Tibbs Frankie is very

well known to have its centres everywhere in

Mumbai. But the one place at Tibbs mansion on

AndheriKurla Rd., Andheri (E) is quite famous.

There's a person sitting at the counter and the menu

has a few things more than just frankies, like fries,

and iced teas, and fresh lime sodas etc.

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DOSA’S Dosa’s, are another staple that too have not been

spared the inimitable Mumbai touch. Famous

dosacentres are the one opposite Mithibai College,

KhauGalli @ Fort, TirupatiDosacentre at 7 Bunglow’s,

Andheri.Crispy, scrumptious with a generous filling is

what makes these Dosa’s.

PANIPURI

There is a cheap thrill involved in going through a

whole plate of paanipuri like going through a whole

row of vodka shots or watching your man shave that

last bit of chesse to garnish your sandwich in great

anticipation, because you just can’t wait to dig in!

Panipuri’s at ISKON Temple, Juhu are highly famous for

their taste and quality. (Yes, these days quality surely

matters especially in panipuri’s from the very recent

incident :D ). Besides ISKON temple, Panipuri’s

available at any other Bhaiyaji on a beach is great

!especially at Juhu beach.

KANDA POHA

Keeping all the fast food’s aside, this is the perfect

Indian recipe to kick start your day. It’s like a daily

breakfast for most on them. We see many people

selling kandapoha outside any railway station. But

the one being sold at Shree Shuddh Shakahari

Uphar Gruha at Vashi is a very popular place to have

some typical kandapoha with the authentic

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maharashtrian taste.

JUICES & MILKSHAKES

Bachelorr's @ Chowpatty Sea Face (Just opposite

Charni Rd. Station). This place is a perfect hangout

spot for all those who love some fresh

juices/milkshakes/smoothies !It's been in business

since the 1940’s. The cream-and-strawberry

milkshake is a classic :D , but it also churns out

numerous chocolate variations – from Classic

Chocolate and Black Gold Premium to Liquid Marble

– along with a host of fresh lime, coconut water and

lychee juices. Those looking for some alternative

can try the very famous Haji Ali Juice Centre located

at Haji Ali.

GOLA

This is one of the most awesome thing available on the

streets of Mumbai. Senior citizens to small kids, all

maybe seen having this wonderful thing very happily.

Gola, feel a wave of nostalgia pass over you? Some of

the fondest memories all Mumbaikar’s cherish is the

sweet tangy taste of gola! Take a stroll down Chowpatty

Beach and treat yourself to this colourful delicacy!

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CHANA CHOR

The last one on the list, it’s the very famous “CHANA

CHOR GARAM!”. It’s awesome spicy taste with the

lemon juice and some masala sprinkled on it! All your

trips are incomplete if you don’t have these time pass

stuffs on your trip especially on beaches! :The Vendors

selling these stuff are found in every corner of this

town.

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