Robinson 2009

Occupied lands in present day PEI, Nova Scotia & New Brunswick.

Lived near water in the summer and away from it during the winter

Mi’kmaq government was arranged into 7 districts.

Each district had a local leader (Saqamaw)

The Saqamaw for each district would be the communities representative for the Grand Council

Also known as Ojibwe or Chippewa (they do not like this term, as it was given to them by the early French settlers.

Organized into to clans called Dodems. Each Dodem had a different responsibility in the community.Responsibilities include: Leadership, Teaching/scholarship, policing, community needs (i.e. – housing), defense, spiritual needs.

Also known as Iroquois, but they do not like this name as it was given to them by the early French fur traders.

The confederacy was comprised of 6 nations: Cayuga,Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Seneca, and Tuscarora

They spoke different languages but all accepted The Great Law of Peace.

Government – Fifty men sat on the Grand council as chiefs, or Hoyaneh, but they were selected by the Clan mothers.

The Clan mothers had the ability to remove a Hoyaneh if he was not meeting expectations.