Thursday, 11/6/204Agenda: •Hand in your vocab sentences•Warm-up prompt•Satire notes (Humor Unit!)•Truthinesss: Evaluation of satire and humor•Articles: Evaluate, analyze and interpret as a group•SPES paragraph•Independent reading

Homework:•Study for you vocab quiz- don’t forget, you’ll need to know the definition and how to spell the word!

Warm Up Choose ONE of the political cartoons below and write 4-6 sentences explaining what you think the cartoonist is trying to state. What is the author’s purpose? Who is the target? How do they use humor or exaggeration?

Directions:Step One: Read the excerpt “The Word: Truthiness” to yourself and annotate the text.Look for:•Irregularity: I find it peculiar the way the author used this word•Similarity: I am seeing a pattern here: in words, phrasing or ideas•Unknowns: I don’t know what that means or I don’t understand what this means in context

Step 2

• Listen/watch “The Word: Truthiness”. Make notes of anything you find interesting, or perhaps how the text changes when it is read aloud. True understanding of a text means you will be able to paraphrase and restate the text in your own words.

Step 3: Part One

• Reread the passage:• Examine the text literally; identify the main

arguments and main points and record them under Part One of your worksheet.• How do you know these are the main points?

Identify the support and evidence from the text to back up the points being made.

Step 3: Part 2

• Interpret the text for nuances• Begin by questioning the meaning or intention

of the text• Are there any words, images, or arguments that

suggest humor, exaggeration or absurdity?• Record what you find in Part Two of your

worksheet

Step 3: Part three

• Locate the possible target(s) of the satire• Based on parts one and two, who is being made

fun of or criticized? What groups bear the brunt of the mockery?• Who is/are the main targets??• Record the most likely candidates you believe

are the targets of the satire and record them in part 3 of your worksheet

Step 3: part 4

• In the 4th section of your worksheet, explain what you think is the main point of the piece. What does the author actually want to make people aware of or want to change? Include evidence and justification for your answer.

In your groups:

•Read the second article and complete steps 1-5 with your group.

Individual practice

• Choose “The Word: Truthiness” article, or the article you read a as group and write one paragraph answering the following question:• Is satire an effective way for an author to get

their point across? Using the text(s) provided, support an argument for or against satire.• Remember SPES!

SatireThe Mace and Rapier

What is Satire?

• Satire is a weapon used• to ridicule • to attack the vices and follies they see in human behavior.

• Usually states or implies some idea of what should be the correct behavior or thought. • Goal of satire: self-examination and change foolish

ways. • In written satire, the pen can be a mace – hacking and

bashing the victims to smithereens – or a rapier – delicately piercing the target.

DEFINITION OF “SATIRE”

• The word satire comes from the Latin satura meaning a dish filled with mixed fruits.

• This was the usual dessert tray after a banquet, and an early meaning for the word was “to be well fed” as seen in such cognates as sated, saturated, and satisfied.

Questions for Satire

• What does the satire ridicule? What are its targets?

• What does the satire suggest is preferable to whatever is criticized?

• What techniques does the satirist use to convey his or her ridicule?

• To what extent is the satirist justified in attacking his target?

• How successful is the satire?

Distance from Satirical Target

• To be effective, writers or performers must have a detachment from their target.

• Henry Rule confessed, “In truth I don’t ever seem to be in a good enough humor with anything to satirize it; no, I want to stand up before it and curse it, and foam at the mouth—or take a club and pound it to rags and pulp” (Nilsen & Nilsen 259).

Satire vs. Gallows Humor

• Satirists may use their humor to inspire reform and change, or they may use it to promote the status quo.

• Satire MUST HAVE A TARGET• If the creators of satire don’t have a reform or a solution in mind but

are simply holding up an aspect of the world as ridiculous, then they are creating irony or gallows humor rather than satire.

• Gallows Humor? Humor from stressful situations, i.e., death at the gallows.

Horatian VS. Juvenalian Satire

• Gentle and humorous satire is called “Horatian Satire ” after the writing style of the Roman poet Horace.

• Heavy or biting satire called “Juvenalian Satire” after the Roman poet Juvenal.

For Example

• One of the characteristics of Horatian satire is that it includes a higher percentage of humor.

• Jonathan Swift’s Gulliver’s Travels is a Horatian Satire. It contains humorous adventures often read by children.

• “A Modest Proposal” is Juvenalian Satire with its scathing criticism of overpopulation and persecution of the Irish.

Satire Techniques

• Naïve speaker — doesn’t understand the implications of his narration• Praise but mean the opposite (criticize) – this is an example of

irony• Say one thing but means the opposite (sarcasm)• Uses rhetorical questions — The question seems to suggest

one answer, but the reader is supposed to disagree with the implication• Understate — minimize the issue to make people realize its

importance; treat a serious concern as unimportant or trivial• Exaggerate/Hyperbole – blow the issue out of proportion to

make people focus on it; take a trivial concern or situation seriously

Types of Satire• Cartoons and art• Exaggeration and caricature• Irony• Symbolism• Speaker• Parody• Reversal

Cartoons and Art• Lampoon or parody aspects of society or practices • Example: In the

example to the right,what is beingcriticized? Howdoes the cartoonhelp make a point?

Is this just “funny”?

Or is it making a statement

? What techniques does the

satirist use?

Cartoons and Art

Exaggeration• Focuses on one or two elements of a situation • Extends them beyond reality or out of proportion to

everything else

Consider the following…what is being exaggerated?

Caricature

• Distorts one or two elements of appearance, usually for humorous effect.• Gentle form of

exaggeration (usually)• Why is caricature 1 NOT

satirical and caricature 2 is?

Caricature 1

Caricature 2

Burlesque

• Ridiculous exaggeration of language.• Used for comic effect – the language used in a

situation is so absurd as to make it funny.• Example: In the following clip, how do we

expect the characters to sound? What does the change do?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CDcjHVG2Kg

Irony• Do I really need to explain this?• Incongruity: presents things that are out of place or are

absurd in relation to its surroundings • Example: But

why is this satire?What does ittarget?

• Why is this song ironic? Listen to the lyrics and then compare it to the music played along with it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ta_iKeH4tsg&safe=active• Who is the target?• Why is this satire?

Symbolism

• Use concrete symbols to represent abstract characteristics and conditions • Sometimes context-specific• Example: What is the effect of symbolism for this

satire?

The Speaker in Satire

the use of a speaker as a stand-in for the writer/satirist to offer criticism:

•Sometimes very angry voices making direct attacks. •Sometimes evil men and women confessing their own sins proudly. •Sometimes reveal their own folly without intending to.

•Diatribe – direct, angry attack in the hope of eliminating what the satirist regards as undesirable conditions, attitudes, and behavior.

Parody• Imitates the style of a particular work or writer • Style is crucial – HOW the satire is done…• Examples: Airplane! or The Key of Awesome on youtube.

What is being parodied and why?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EyBwZeoxISk

Parody of Fine Art

Is this offensive? If so, why?

Reversal• Presents the opposite of the normal order…• Order of events or Expectation

• Dessert first, then main course.• The princess saving Prince Charming

• Hierarchal order• When a child runs the household and the parent is treated like a

child.