thursday 5-3-12
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Thursday 5-3-12. Finish covalent bonding lab Macromolecule notes Homework: Organic Compound WS Finish covalent bonding lab Conclusion questions. Biological Macromolecules. Six Major Elements . CCarbon HHydrogen NNitrogen OOxygen PPhosphorus SSulfur. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Thursday 5-3-12• Finish covalent bonding lab• Macromolecule notes
Homework:• Organic Compound WS• Finish covalent bonding lab Conclusion
questions.
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Biological Macromolecules
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Six Major Elements
• C Carbon• H Hydrogen• N Nitrogen• O Oxygen• P Phosphorus• S Sulfur
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FOUR Macromolecules
POLYMER MONOMER Carbohydrates monosaccharides Proteins amino acids Lipids (fats) glycerol and fatty
acids Nucleic Acids nucleotide
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What is a Polymer?• Polymers are made up of many, many molecules all
strung together to form really long chains.• The properties of polymers really reflect what's
going on at the ultra-tiny (molecular) level. • Function is a result of Structure!• Things that are made of polymers look, feel, and act
depending on how their atoms and molecules are connected! Some are rubbery, some are sticky and gooey, and some are hard and tough.
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What is a Monomer?• The molecules that make up the polymers• Mono means "one". • So, monomers are those itty bitty molecules
that can join together to make a long polymer chain.
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Examples of Polymers
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Carbohydrates
• Made of C, H, O (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen)• Provide energy for living systems• Carbohydrates include simple sugars (which are
monomers for more complex carbohydrates)– Glucose, Fructose, Sucrose
• Carbohydrates also include complex carbohydrates (polymers) such as Starch and Cellulose
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Sucrose is actually a disacharide
• Glucose + Fructose
•Carbohydrates usually end in the suffix “-ose”
•There are 4 Calories per gram of carbohydrate.
Sucrose + H2O
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Carbohydrates are long strands of sugars connected together.
• Animals store starch as Glycogen.
• Plants store starch as Cellulose
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Proteins• Meat, soy, nuts, & Beans have a lot of protein. • Proteins provide structure to living organisms• Help make reactions occur (enzymes)• Proteins contain 4 Calories per gram
Proteins Contain an Amino Group Made up of a nitrogen & 2 hydrogens.
They also contain a
carboxyl groupMade up of carbon, oxygen,
& a hydroxide (OH) group.
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Amino acids that make up proteins
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Monomers bonding to make polymers(Amino Acids bonding to make proteins.)
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Lipids• Fats & oils• Provides long term energy storage, insulation &
cushioning• Major component of the cell membrane
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Lipids
• Made of glycerol and three fatty acids
Glycerol BackboneMade up of Carbons, Hydrogens, and Oxygens. (CHO)
3 Fatty acid groups
Made up of 2 oxygens attached to a chain of
hydrocarbons..
9 Calories per gram!
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Nucleic Acids• Two types DNA and RNA• The monomers are nucleotides which combine to
form the DNA or RNA• Hold genetic information within their structure.
Phosphate Group(PO4)
Sugar(Cn H2n On )
Nitrogenous Base
Made up of nitrogen, carbon, & hydrogen
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• All of these Polymers work together to make up living organisms.
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Identify the following macromolecule.
• Lipid
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Identify the following macromolecule.
• Protein
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Identify the following macromolecule.
• Nucleic Acid
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Identify the following macromolecule.
• Hints: • its name is Lactose• Made up of only Carbons, Hydrogens, & oxygen.
• Carbohydrate
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Make a Glucose Molecule (monomer)
• Using colored marshmallows and toothpicks you will create a glucose molecule.
• Choose a color to be Carbon (6) Choose a color to be Hydrogen (12) Choose a color to be Oxygen (6)• You will need toothpicks as well. • Construct a glucose molecule following the
directions on your note sheet.