THURSDAY 5/29: REVIEW DAY

• Get out your study guide; today is your day to work!

• Tomorrow: • Final Exam Essay• Monday 6/2-Study Guide is due-we will go over in class together!

FINAL EXAM ESSAY QUESTION:

• For your final writing assignment this school year, you will need to demonstrate you are capable of answering one essential question we studied by reflecting on your experience during the Model United Nations exercise and applying those questions to the operation of the United Nations.

• Each question should include examples from the case study on the United Nations, and explain how or why you feel the way you do.

OPTIONS:

1. Which states feel a tremendous sense of belonging in the United Nations? Which do not? Explain the reasons and give examples from the case study or background on the United Nations.

2. How does the United Nations distribute power and control? Explain the reasons and give examples from the case study or background on the United Nations.

3. How is the United Nations able (or unable) to enact change throughout the world? Explain the reasons and give examples from the case study or background on the United Nations.

FORMAT

• Your answer will be in the form of a 3-paragraph essay as outlined below. You will be given an outline that you will be allowed to use on the day of the written exam.

 • Introduction-• Contains a thesis-which essential question will you write about?—

Your thesis is a 1 sentence general response to the question showing which side you are going to argue and the main points of the entire paragraph!

• Defines what your question word means (belonging, power & control, change or diversity)

• Contains a provable point-how does the United Nations fit into that theme?

• Establishes the organization of the essay-what are your main points?

• 2 Body Paragraphs-• Thoroughly defend your thesis/position • Demonstrate your understanding of the content • Response should make connections to the theme of the unit

HOW DO I PREPARE?

• Use your notes to figure out which question you want to answer

• Complete the outline-you can use this while you write tomorrow!

FRIDAY 5/30 ESSAY EXAM DAY

• Turn in ANY late work-today is the last day!

• Today:• Complete ONE of the essay topics provided• Write out your 3-paragraph response

• Remember-1 Intro paragraph, 1 body paragraph, a conclusion paragraph!

• When you finish:• Work on something quietly-study guide is due Monday!

MONDAY 6/2: STUDY GUIDE REVIEW DAY

• Get your Study Guide checked in with me

• Check your folder one last time-anything not taken today will get thrown away!

UNIT 4: WHY DOES CHANGE OCCUR?

RENAISSANCE

• Define Renaissance. Rebirth; time period of great change in society, the arts and thinking

• Define Humanism. Focus on Individuals achievements and potential

• Define Perspective. Painting technique to make images look more realistic

• What is the printing press AND how did it change society? machine that printed documents; allowed the Bible and other documents to be spread around the World; allowed the Bible and other works to be printed en mass and distributed to the people

•  How does each of the following areas change between the Middle Ages and the Renaissance?• Art: Use of Perspective• Science: discoveries in space, on earth, interest in the human body• Religious Importance: Less concerned with the afterlife

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PROTESTANT REFORMATION

• Define Protestant Reformation. movement led by Martin Luther, John Calvin and others in splitting from the Catholic church

• Who is Martin Luther? Why is he significant to the Protestant Reformation? He was the Catholic monk whose Ninety-Five Theses helped to launch the Reformation.

• What were the criticisms of the Catholic Church in the 1500’s? • Popes spent extravagantly on personal pleasures, fought wars and

patronized the arts.• Lower clergy were uneducated • Clergy broke priestly vows such as marrying, gambling and drinking to

excess• Popes and members of clergy too occupied with money and wealth• Objected to Selling of indulgences• Pardons – Free Passes - from punishment or sin

• What were the causes of the Protestant Reformation? • Renaissance emphasis on the secular (non-religious) and individual

challenged Church authority• Printing press spreads secular (non-religious) ideas• Ruler’s resent popes’ attempts to control them• Northern merchants resented paying taxes to Rome

PROTESTANT REFORMATION (CONTINUED)

• Why did Martin Luther create the 95 Theses? What was his goal? document written by Martin Luther about his grievances with the Catholic Church

• What does Luther’s phrase “justification by faith alone” mean? only faith in God mattered; Bible is the sole religious authority

• Why does Henry VIII (Henry the 8th) split from the Catholic Church creating his own in England? Personal reasons-he wanted a divorce so he could remarry and have a son-heir to the throne

• What are the results of the Protestant Reformation? Creation of protestant sects of Christianity-Lutherans, Anglican Church, Calvinists, etc. Henry VIII breaks away from Rome.

FRENCH REVOLUTION

• Describe/Define the 7 common characteristics of revolution.• An autocratic form of government: The government has nearly absolute

control of the citizenry, usually repressing civil rights.• A very unequal distribution of power or resources: The majority of the

power and wealth of the nation is possessed by a small fraction of the population.

• An emerging, educated middle class: The economy is changing leading to the economic rise of a middle class, generally consisting of skilled workers and merchants that possess a rudimentary education.

• A discontented middle class: The middle class is no longer complacent about the privileged lives of the nobles, or traditional oligarchic class

• A repressive form of punishment: A show of power by the government that is viewed by the citizens as over the top or overly harsh

• A philosophical movement: A change in the way the people view their place in society, or their system of government, generally lead by philosophers

• A spark to ignite the fire of revolution: An event or series of events that raises the willingness of the average citizen to support revolution.

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FRENCH REVOLUTION (CONTINUED)

• Who is the king of France before the revolution? Why did the people not like him? King Louis XVI; Ruled as Absolute monarch Increased debts due to foreign wars and poor economics

• Who is the queen of France before the revolution? Why did the people not like her? Queen Marie Antoinette (of Austria); Not liked because not French; Spent a lot of money

• Define Estate. “classes” of society• First Estate: Clergy • Second Estate: Nobles• Third Estate: Peasants

• What is the Reign of Terror? What happens during this time? a brutal attempt at eliminating anyone who was suspected of disloyalty, led by Robespierre

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION• Define Cottage Industry. small scale industry where the work day was

determined by nature, workers were hard to replace, productivity is low, worker possesses knowledge of the trade.

• Define Factory System. large scale industry where the work day was determined by clock, workers were easy to replace, productivity is high, worker possesses little knowledge of the trade.

• Define Capitalism. Economic system in which individuals rather than governments control the factors of production

• Define Communism. Government owns the means of production and controls economic planning; believed that violent revolution against owners was necessary

• Where were early factories located? Why? Water power to move waterwheels 2nd: Steam engine—used in factories and eventually in boats and railroads. Use coal to heat water and create steam. No longer need to be directly on rivers, but rather near both water (including canals) and coal mines

POLITICAL CARTOONS

• What is the purpose of a political cartoon? Image that communicates powerful ideas often in a humorous, enlightening manner incorporates the events of the period into an easily understandable format most people could relate to even with limited reading abilities. Symbols, caricature, drawings and exaggerations used by the cartoonist point out themes and problems of any given time period.

• Explain each of the following 5 features that are used in political cartoons.• Symbolism- Simple objects that stand for larger concepts or ideas• Exaggeration - Characteristics that are overdone, overblown; Look

for facial expressions, clothing, etc.• Labeling- Words that make objects or people clear to the reader• Analogy- Comparison between two unlike things• Irony- Difference between the way things are and the way things

should be; Expresses the cartoonists’ opinion

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION (CONTINUED)

• Why did they use women and children to work in factories as opposed to men? Cheaper labor; children could fit in between moving machinery more easily to fix them.

• How did technology change transportation during the Industrial Revolution? With the invention of the steam engine, the locomotives (railroads) were built, which allowed goods and people to travel further, quicker!

• What reforms were made during the Industrial Revolution leading to the improvement of the working class conditions? Child Labor laws, Factory Acts of 1833

GLOBALIZATION

•Define Globalization: Refers to the process by which national economies, politics, cultures, and societies become integrated with those of other nations around the world.

•Explain what Multinational Corporations are: Global Market Place; Conducts research, operates factories, & sells products in many countries, just NOT where its headquarters and principle shareholders are located.

List and explain the positive & negative impact of globalization throughout the world today.

Positives Negatives• Global trade provides consumers with a greater variety of goods and services.

• Competition keeps prices lower.

• Mass movement from rural to urban areas

gives people better access to education and

health care.

• Introduction of new technology.

• Overall higher standard of living.

• Concern that rich nations are exploiting (taking advantage of) the poor countries.

• Many believe that the World Bank and the IMF should be doing more ease the economic problems that many nations face today.

• Environmentalists push for sustainability, development

UNIT 5: THE UNITED NATIONS

THE U. N.• Define Resolution. A formal expression of opinion or intention

made, usually after voting, by a formal organization, a legislature, a club, or other group.

• Define Charter. A document that describes an organizations goals and principles.

• Define Convention.

• Define Intervention.to become involved in something (such as a conflict) in order to have an influence on what happens

• What is the purpose of the United Nations and where is it located today? To create a place where nations can communicate to reduce isolationism and non-intervention by foreign nations in times of need; headquarters in New York City

• What events prompted the creation of the United Nations? Failure of the League of Nations; end of World War II

DEFINE THE ROLE OF THE FOLLOWING GROUPS WITHIN THE UNITED NATIONS:

• The general assembly- Major branch of the UN that includes equal representation of all member nations, which receives reports and makes resolutions to increase discussion and diplomacy amongst nations

• the secretary general- Secretariat—Branch of the UN which runs the major organizations, administers peacekeeping operations, and is run by the Secretary General—the elected leader of the UN

• the security council- Made up of 15 nations including 5 permanent members who have veto power over resolutions; Permanent Members: US, UK, France, Russia, China; 10 other nations elected regionally for 2 years

• the economic and social council- Oversees economic and social work of 14 agencies including UNICEF (Children’s Fund), UNHCR (Refugees), and various other organizations dealing with human rights as defined by the “Universal Declaration of Human Rights”

GENOCIDE• Define Genocide. Any acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in

part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group.

• List and explain the 8 stages of genocide1. Classification-Categorizing people by race, ethnicity, religion or nationality. This is done

in nearly all societies, however polarized societies are the most likely to commit genocide2. Symbolization-Symbols or names are given to groups to identify and separate them.

Generally these serve as a way to divide “us” and “them”3. Dehumanization-Using broadcast and print media, one group is proclaimed as less than

human. They are often compared to vermin or insects. This is key because it helps divert the general repulsion to murder.

4. Organization-Genocidal governments create special killing units, usually militias, such as the Janjaweed to allow for deniability.

5. Polarization-Groups are driven farther apart, laws may forbid inter-marriage, propaganda encourages extreme views, moderates are silenced or eliminated

6. Preparation-Victims are identified, often forced to wear identification, often segregated into ghettoes or camps.

7. Extermination-Mass killing of the victims begins and usually happens on a large scale. It is often referred to as extermination to continue to dehumanize victims

8. Denial-The act that follows a genocide. Officials hide evidence, intimidate witnesses, and blame the victims.

• Explain the role of the UN in genocide—what must be done? Countries have claimed ‘Never

NUCLEAR WEAPONS

• Define Nuclear Weapons. weapons that harness the power of the atom and are vastly more powerful than conventional weapons

• Define Nuclear Proliferation. a rapid spread or increase of nuclear weapons to countries around the world

• Which countries around the world are trying to get nuclear weapons? Iran, Pakistan, North Korea

• What is the biggest concern about nuclear weapons and terrorist organizations? Black Market sales; nowhere to retaliate

NATURAL DISASTERS• Define natural disaster. a major adverse event resulting from natural

processes of the Earth; examples include floods, volcanic eruptions, earthquakes, tsunamis, and other geologic processes. A natural disaster can cause loss of life or property damage

•  • Give examples of types of natural disasters. Earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes

(cyclones, typhoons), Landslides, Flooding•  • Define Early Warning Systems. Systems put in place to predict, prevent

damage, warn people and respond to emergencies.• Describe each of the four components of Early Warning Systems.

• Risk Knowledge-Knowledge of the relevant hazards and of the vulnerabilities of the people and society to these hazards

• Monitoring and Warning Service-a technical capacity to monitor hazard warning signs, to forecast the hazard evolution, and to issue warnings

• Dissemination and Communication-the spread of understandable warnings, and prior preparedness information, to those at risk

• Response capability-knowledge, plans and capacities for timely and appropriate action by authorities and those at risk

•  • What is meant by the cost-benefit analysis of Early Warning Systems?

Analyzing the amount you will spend versus the benefit of having the system

MILLENNIUM GOALS

• Explain the purpose and reasoning behind the UN’s Millennium Goals. Measure Progress to ensure elimination of extreme poverty

• List and explain what the (8) Millennium Goals are.• Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger• Achieve universal primary education• Promote gender equality and empower women• Reduce child mortality rate• Improve maternal health care• Combat HIV / AIDs, malaria, and other diseases• Ensure environmental sustainability• Develop a global partnership for development

FOR FINAL EXAMS:

*Bring a couple of pens/pencils!*

•6th- Wednesday•7th-Wednesday

•3rd-Thursday•5th-Thursday

SEMESTER II EXAM

• Take out your pencil(s)

• Put EVERYTHING else away and on the floor

WHEN YOU ARE DONE…

• You MAY:• Work on other homework or study guides, study for other tests, sit

quietly, sleep at your desk

• You MAY NOT:• Listen to iPods (until EVERYONE is done)• Have out your phone or text (AT ALL even when everyone is done)• Other students are taking tests! Leave them alone!