Thursday, September 15, 2011

Agenda Bell Assignment Notes: The Peloponnesian Wars and

Greek Golden Age Philosophers of Greece: Socrates,

Plato, Aristotle

TEST: Wednesday, September 22, 2011

Bell Assignment

Read the following speech by an Athenian leader, Pericles. After reading the speech, find three values. Please write the value and the quote.

Ex. Patriotism – “We alone regard a man who takes no interest in public affairs, not as harmless but as a useless character.”

Peloponnesian Wars and the Golden Age of Athens

Ch. 5 Sections 3 and 4

9/15/2011

After the Persian Wars. . . .

After the Persian Wars, Greece was divided.

Many polises chose to side with the Delian League (Athens), while others sided with the Spartan Confederacy (Sparta).

Did it the division of Greece preserve peace or cause war?

Greece after the Persian Wars

Peloponnesian Wars

The Peloponnesian Wars were wars between Athens and Sparta.

Causes: Sparta’s fear and paranoia of Athens’

dominance Athens’ forceful tactics to control city

states in Greece Tension that has always existed between

Athens and Sparta.

End Result of Peloponnesian Wars

Sparta defeats Athens. Persia becomes an ally with Sparta.

Greece was left so weak from the war that the Greeks were easily conquered by Macedonia.

The Greek Golden Age

Despite war and political turmoil, Greece (specifically Athens) enjoyed a Golden Age.

One of Athens most notable leaders during the golden age was Pericles.

Pericles

The following are changes that Pericles made in Athens during the golden age:

He made Athenian democracy a direct democracy. Under Pericles, more Athenians participated in the assembly than any other time in Athens' history.

He organized the construction of the Parthenon.

Parthenon

The Parthenon was a temple built to show the power and wealth of Athens. It was dedicated to the goddess Athena.

Some scholars believe that it would cost over over 5 billion dollars today.

Parthenon

Philosophers of Greece

During the Peloponnesian Wars, philosophy gained popularity. Philosophers were teachers, who searched for truth.

There are three main Greek philosphers: Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Socrates

Socrates was a philosopher that lived during the Peloponnesian Wars.

He taught using a method known as the Socratic method. Socratic Method – A series of questions are posed

to truly understand the issue at hand. Socrates was put on trial and executed for

questioning the government and religion of Athens. He was also accused of corrupting the youth of Athens through his teachings.

Death of Socrates

Plato

Plato was a student of Socrates. He recorded all of the works of Socrates in a book known as The Republic.

Plato rejected democracy, because he believed democracy killed his teacher.

Plato believed that the government should regulate all aspects of a citizen’s life. He believed society should be ruled by a philosopher king.

Aristotle

Aristotle was a student of Plato. He also rejected democracy. (as well as, monarchy, oligarchy, and aristocracy)

He favored a government ruled by a strong, virtuous leader.

He believed that people should lead a good life by pursuing the golden mean, the moderate course between two extremes. (Not too strict but not too relaxed).