Thyroid Cancer

By Matt Pendo

Discovery

• William Stewart Halsted

• Late 19th Century

• Prominent American Surgeon

Thyroid

•Hormonal gland

•Below Adam’s Apple

•Produces T3, T4, and Calcitonin

•Heart rate, metabolism, growth, blood pressure

•Feedback Mechanism

Types

• Papillary Carcinoma– 80%

• Follicular Carcinoma– 15%

• Medullary Carcinoma– 3%

• Anaplastic Carcinoma

Risk Factors

• Radiation• High dose x-rays or radioactive fallout

• Family History• Goiters or Colon Growths• Mutated RET gene

• Gender• Females

• Iodine Levels• Seafood/Shellfish Consumption

Molecular Level

• Medullary Carcinoma• Mutation in RET gene

• Papillary Carcinoma• Mutated RET, RAS, or BRAF gene• BRAF when not radiation caused• RET when no radiation

• Anaplastic Carcinoma• RhoB tumor suppresor

Treatment

• Surgery• Chemotherapy• Radioactive Iodine Therapy• Thyroid Hormone Therapy• External Radiation Therapy• RS5444

Stats

• 1% of all cancers

• Very high survival rates

• Many treatment options

• 1 in 111 (.9%) lifetime risk

(Not actually)

Sources

• Research:– http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=5778– http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/thyroid/how-your-thyroid-works– http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/types/thyroid– http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/wyntk/thyroid/page9– http://www.medindia.net/news/view_news_main.asp?x=3200– http

://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/thyroid-cancer-symptoms-risk.htm– http

://www.medindia.net/news/New-Drug-To-Turn-On-Tumor-Supressor-Gene-In-Thyroid-Cancer-Cells-46631-1.htm

– http://www.utmb.edu/otoref/grnds/thyroid-ca-021204/thyroid-ca-021204.htm

– http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/thyro.html

More Sources

• Pictures:– http://www.fightmesotheliomacancer.com/radiat

ion-therapy.html– http://healthvermont.gov/enviro/rad/KI_program

.aspx– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9554/– http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9554/– http://www.dentalxraywebsite.com/tag/dental-xr

ays/page/256/– http://www.clivir.com/lessons/show/thyroid-nod

ules-symptoms-causes-and-treatment.html– http://www.nndb.com/people/121/000161635/– http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?

articlekey=5778