thyroid gland autoimmune diseases. function: endocrine gland that produces secretes thyroid hormones
TRANSCRIPT
Thyroid Gland
Autoimmune diseases
• Function: Endocrine gland that produces secretes
thyroid hormones
Diseases
• 1. Anatomical - Goitre (Enlarged gland)• 2. Functional - Hyperthyroidism (abnormally high secretion) -Hypothyroidism (abnormally low secretion) (Commonly there is a combination of anatomic
and functional diseases)
• Commonly hereditary • Environmental factors, such as infection,
certain drugs, and iodine consumption, have a role in their progression.
• Common in women than in men• Affects people between 40 and 60 years of
age.
Autoimmune Diseases
• 1. Hashimotos’s thyroiditis• 2. Graves’ disease• The diseases are due to auto Abs against
thyroid (thymoglobulin + thyroid microsome)
Hashimotos’s thyroiditis
• Named after Dr. Hakaru Hashimoto, in 1912.• Chronic inflammation of the thyroid gland• The diseases are due to auto Abs against
thyroid (thymoglobulin + thyroid microsome• 5-10 times more common in women than men
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Mild Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis
Diagnosis
• 1. Clinical• 2. Biochemical (usually low thyroid hormones)• 3. Imaging• 4. Histopathological
Treatment
• 1. Replacement• 2. Surgical
Graves’ disease
• Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis)
Graves’ disease
Graves’ disease
Diagnosis
• 1. Clinical• 2. Biochemical (high thyroid hormones)• 3. Imaging• 4. Histopathological
Treatment
• Surgery to remove the thyroid gland.• Radioactive iodine pills. • Anti-thyroid medications.• Beta blockers.
Parathyroid glands
Function
• Production and secretion of parathyroid hormones:
• to control calcium within the blood in a very tight range between 9.0 and 10.1 .
Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism
• 1. Alone• 2. part of type 1 autoimmune polyglandular
syndrome
Tetany
Tetany
Diagnosis
• Clinical• Low Ca level• Low parathyroid hormone
Treatment
• Hormonal replacement