tib_a004

TThheerrbbaann HHyyddrrooggeennaatteedd NNiittrriillee RRuubbbbeerr ((HHNNBBRR)) ffoorr HHiigghh QQuuaalliittyy HHeeaatt aanndd OOiill RReessiissttaanntt SSeeaallss aanndd GGaasskkeettssTechnical Information Bulletin Lit#FK-5003e10.99Page 1 of 32

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1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.1 Therban Product Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

2. Typical Therban Sealing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43. Overview of Processing and Compounding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

3.1 Techniques/Temperatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.2 Vulcanization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.3 Coagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.4 Processing Additives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.5 Plasticizers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.6 Carbon Black Reinforcement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.7 Mineral Fillers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63.8 Antioxidants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

4. Typical Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.1 Influence of Residual Unsaturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74.2 Resistance to High-Energy Radiation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84.3 Oil Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.4 Fuel Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.5 Resistance to Sour Crude/Corrosion Inhibitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.6 Resistance to Gas Permeation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.7 Hot-Air Resistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114.8 Chemical Resistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

5. Formulary Typical Recommendations for Sealing Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.1 60 Shore A, Automotive Gasketing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145.2 70 Shore A, Engine Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155.3 80 Shore A, Engine Seal (Ford M2D 374A) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165.4 70 Shore A, Pump Stator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175.5 75 Shore A, Fuel Pump O-Ring (Bosch VS 17096) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185.6 80 Shore A, Reciprocating Shaft Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195.7 74 Shore A, Refrigerant System Seal (Ford M2D 463A) + Addendum . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205.8 75 Shore A, Wet Cylinder Liner and Transmission Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225.9 50 Shore A, ASTM D2000 M4DH 516 Compliant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235.10 70 Shore A, Improved Ozone Resistance Seal Compound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255.11 78 Shore A, Non-Black Engine Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275.12 60 Shore A, Brake Seal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Appendix I Compounding Ingredients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27Appendix II Test Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Molecular Structure of Therban

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Therban Elastomers

1. IntroductionTherban elastomers are obtained by nearly completeor partial hydrogenation of nitrile rubber (NBR) withselected catalyst systems. This process removesdouble bonds from the butadiene portion of thepolymer chain to provide excellent resistance tothermal and oxidative degradation as well as manyaggressive fluids.

The pendant cyano groups (CN) are unaffected bythe hydrogenation process and provide swellingresistance to oils and fuels that are similar to theparent polymer.

Therban polymers can be compounded to meet the requirements of ASTM D 2000 CH, DH, and DKclassifications as well as the corresponding SAE J200 requirements.

Therban Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR) for High Quality Heat and Oil Resistant Seals and Gaskets

CH2CH3

C N

---[-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-]--[CH2-CH-]--[-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-]--[-CH2-CH-]---

RDB %(in very small amounts)

Polymethylene Cyano (Poly)butadiene Pendant Ethyl

Figure 1-1 Molecular Structure of Therban

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Table 1-1 Therban Product Line

Therban Hydrogenated Nitrile Rubber (HNBR)

Acrylonitrile Mooney Residual SpecificContent Viscosity Double Bond Gravity(% ACN) (ML 1+4 @ 100C) (% RDB) (SG)

Fully Saturated Grades

Therban A 3406 34 63 0.9 max 0.95

Therban A 3407 34 70 0.9 max 0.95

Therban A 3907 39 70 0.9 max 0.96

Therban XN 532A (A 4307) 43 63 0.9 max 0.98

Therban A 4555 (VP KA 8832) 43 100 0.9 max 0.98

Partially Saturated Grades

Therban C 3446 34 58 4 0.95

Therban C 3467 34 68 5.5 0.95

Therban XO 534B (B 3627) 36 66 2 0.96

Therban B 3850 (VP KA 8829) 36 87 2 0.96

Therban XN 532C (C 4367) 43 60 5.5 0.98

Therban C 4550 (VP KA 8833) 43 95 5.5 0.98

Specialty Grades (Low-Temperature Technology)

Therban XN 535C 21 70 5.5 0.96

Therban VP KA 8798 21 72 0.9 max 0.96

Specialty Products (Fluoropolymer Technology)

Therban FT VP KA 8850 43* 50** 0.9 max* 1.13

Therban FT VP KA 8851 43* 83** 0.9 max* 1.26

Specialty Products (Heat Resistant Technology)

Therban HT VP KA 8805 34* 45 0.9 max* 1.15

Specialty Products (Acrylate Reinforced Therban)

Therban XQ 536 (ART 3425) 34* 25 5.5* 1.16

Therban VP KA 8796 34* 22 5.5* 1.14

* of base polymer** ML 1+4 @ 125C


2. Typical Therban Sealing Applications

The polymer structure yields vulcanizates with the following unique combination of properties for high performancein sealing applications.

Very good resistance to hot air and oils (continuous service at 150C)

Excellent resistance to abrasion

Excellent resistance to alkaline corrosion inhibitors

Moderate to good resistance to weak acids

Good low temperature performance


Typical Therban Sealing Applications

Automotive and Industrial Seals Primary Attributes of HNBR

Water pump seal Heat resistance; improved resistance to radiator coolants containing alkaline inhibitors

Oil pump seal Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in hot oils

Cylinder head cover seal Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in hot oils and ozone; low compression set

Radial shaft seal (transmission) Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in hot oils; high dynamic strength

Axle boots/grease seals Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in oils and grease; high dynamic strength and resistance to ozone

Oil Field

Drill pipe protectors Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in hot oils, "sour" crude, and hydrogen sulfide, excellent abrasion and wear resistance

Packer seals Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in hot oils, hydrogen sulfide, and amine corrosion inhibitors. Excellent resistance towear and high-pressure decompression

Pump stators Excellent resistance to heat and swelling in a variety of fluids and chemicals; excellent wear resistance and high dynamic strength

Blow out preventors High dynamic strength; excellent resistance to heat, "sour"crude, and abrasion

Table 2-1 Typical Therban Sealing Applications

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Favorable pound/volume cost achieved, due to lower specific gravity and capability for higher filler/plasticizerloadings, when compared to FKM

Excellent resistance to degradation and abrasion after exposure to high-energy radiation

Good resistance to explosive decompression, extrusion, and blistering in oil field seals

3. Compounding and Processing Overview

3.1 Techniques/Temperatures for ProcessingTherban HNBR polymers generate more heat during compounding in internal mixers or on open mills than NBRpolymers; however, this can improve processing due to the thermoplastic nature of the polymers.

Masterbatches prepared in an internal mixer frequently reach 150C to 165C (302F 329F); therefore curativesmust be added in a second internal mixer cycle or on an open mill with a tight nip setting.

Subsequent processing steps (extrusion, preform, molding) should be carried out at the highest practicaltemperature to take advantage of the thermoplastic characteristics of the compound. This aspect of Therban

polymers is of particular importance for high-hardness formulations.

3.2 VulcanizationPolymers with less than 1% residual double bonds must be vulcanized with peroxide or high-energy radiation, asthere is insufficient unsaturation to obtain a practical state of cure with sulfur systems.

EV (efficient vulcanization) and semi-EV sulfur cure systems can be used effectively with partially saturatedTherban polymers to achieve improved adhesion to reinforcing substrates and to obtain favorable properties indynamic applications.

3.3 CoagentsResistance to heat and compression set can be maximized by incorporating selected coagents with peroxides toincrease the state of cure.

Triallyl isocyanurate, liquid 1,2-polybutadiene, N,N'-m-phenylene dimaleimide, and trimethylolpropanetrimethacrylate can be used as effective coagents.



3.4 Processing AdditivesProcess improvement additives can be incorporated in high-viscosity formulations at nominal 2.0 phr levels, tofacilitate mold flow and reduce cycle times.

Zinc salts of high molecular weight fatty acids are effective process aids in Therban compounds.

3.5 PlasticizersSelected plasticizers may be incorporated to improve low-temperature flexibility as well as to optimize physicalproperties and processing characteristics.

Mixed dibasic acid polyesters provide a good balance of low-temperature flexibility together with low volatility attemperatures of approximately 150C (302F) as well as resistance to extraction in oils and fuels.

Trimellitate plasticizers (LTM, TOTM, TIOTM) provide better low-temperature flexibility than polyesters, lowvolatility at 150C, and resistance to extraction in water and alcohols.

Dioctyl sebacate, polyester adipates, and polyester glutarates can also be utilized.

Phosphoric acid esters and dialkylether esters are recommended for use with high ACN Therban polymers.

3.6 Carbon Black ReinforcementThe physical properties of Therban compounds reinforced with carbon black generally, as expected, depend on theparticle size and structure of the black. Differences in physical properties relative to increasing particle size ofcarbon black are less pronounced than with other elastomers, due to the inherent toughness of Therban polymers.

Resistance to compression set and heat resistance improve with increasing particle size (FEF, GPF, and MT types),while tensile strength, tear resistance, and abrasion resistance are reduced.

3.7 Mineral FillersPrecipitated amorphous silica provides the highest level of reinforcement; however, it yields very stiff, high-viscosity compounds when incorporated at levels of 25 phr or higher. Precipitated silicas generally improve theheat resistance of HNBR vulcanizates.

Magnesium silicate (talc) is much easier to incorporate and yields vulcanizates with nearly similar modulus andhardness values as those obtained with silica.


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As with carbon black, larger particle size fillers improve compression set resistance at the expense of other physicalproperties.

Blends of silica and talc are often utilized for balancing vulcanizate properties with processing characteristics.

3.8 AntioxidantsMany antioxidants interfere with peroxide crosslinking, affecting properties such as moduli and compression setresistance.

A combination of 0.4 phr of zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole (Vulkanox ZMB 2) and 1.1 phr substituted orstyrenated diphenyl amine (SDPA) (Vulkanox DDA) provides the best balance of protection together with minimumeffect on vulcanizate properties in the case of peroxide cure; for sulfur cure systems, levels of 1 phr Vulkanox

ZMB 2 and 2 phr SDPA are best.

4. Typical Properties

4.1 Influence of Residual UnsaturationSaturated Grades offer maximum resistance to hot air and oils containing aggressive corrosion and thermalbreakdown inhibitors. Compounds must be cured with peroxides, usually in conjunction with a selected coagent.These grades also provide excellent resistance todegradation by ozone.

The effects of residual unsaturation on the hot air and oil resistance are characterized by the elongation retention illustrated in Figure 4-1.

Figure 4-1 Influence of Residual Unsaturation on Hot Airand Oil Resistance (14 days @ 150C)

Aging Resistanceon hot air and oil resistance (14 days @ 150 C)

Elon

gatio

n Re

tent

ion

(% o

f orig

inal

)

Residual Unsaturation (%)

01 3 6 9 12 15

ATF

Hot AirEngine Oil20

40

60

80


Partially Unsaturated Grades contain between 2% to 6% residual double bonds depending on thegrade (see product grade list on page 3).

This level of unsaturation permits efficientvulcanization with low sulfur/accelerator systems toyield seals with improved dynamic properties whileminimizing loss in heat, ozone, and chemicalresistance. The partially unsaturated grades alsoyield vulcanizates with improved (lower) compressionset at low temperatures when cured with peroxide asdemonstrated in Figure 4-2.

4.2 Excellent Resistance to High-EnergyRadiation

Therban-based seals provide very good resistance todegradation after extensive exposure to high-energyradiation. The excellent abrasion resistancecharacteristics of Therban are virtually unaffectedafter exposure to 50 Mrad and exhibit superiorperformance when compared to other elastomers asindicated in Figure 4-3.


Figure 4-2 Low Temperature Compression Set vs.Unsaturation

Figure 4-3 Resistance to High-Energy Radiation

Compression Set

Abrasion Resistance

Compression Set at 10C vs. Residual Unsaturation

Com

pres

sion

Set

, 70

hour

s @

10

C

Residual Unsaturation (%)

01 2 3 4 6 85 7 9

20

40

60

80

100%

Influence of High-Energy Radiation on Abrasion Resistance of Therban, FKM, PTFE, and VMQ

Radiation Energy (Mrad)

10 20 30 40 50

VMQ

Therban A 3407300

0

600

900

1200

1500

FKM

PTFE

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4.3 Oil ResistanceTherban-based seals provide superior performancein hot oils and lubricants containing hydrogensulfide, amines, and thermal breakdown inhibitors,when compared to those based on the parent NBRpolymer as illustrated in Figure 4-4.

The swelling characteristics in ASTM oils #1, #2, and #3 relative to bound ACN content are shown in Figure4-5. Comparable characteristics are indicated with thenew IRM 901, 902, and 903 reference oils.


Figure 4-4 Elongation Retention of Therban A 3407 afterImmersion in Engine Oil and AutomaticTransmission Fluid (ATF)

Figure 4-5 Volume Swell in ASTM Oils

Aging Resistance

Volume Swell

in Engine Oil and Automatic Transmission Fluid (ATF)

Elon

gatio

n Re

tent

ion

(% o

f orig

inal

)

Immersion Time (Days)

07

Therban/ATF(130C)

Therban/Engine Oil(130C)

NBR/Engine Oil(130C)

NBR/ATF(130C)

14

40

80

100

60

20

120

Therban Grades-Volume Swell in ASTM Oils

ACN Content (%)

Volu

me

Chan

ge (%

)

Therban A 340734

Therban A 390739

Therban A 455543

30

25

20

15

10

ASTM Oil #1ASTM Oil #2ASTM Oil #3

72 hours @ 150C

5



4.4 Fuel ResistanceThe fuel swell of Therban polymers is slightly higherthan the parent NBR grade. The volume swell of fullysaturated grades in ASTM Fuel C (48 hours at 23C) and in Diesel Fuel (72 hours at 70C) is illustrated inFigure 4-6.

4.5 Resistance to Sour Crude Oils/Corrosion InhibitorsVulcanizates of Therban-based compounds provide excellent resistance to "sour" crude encountered in oilfieldapplications (with and without corrosion inhibitors) at 150C (302F), as shown in Figure 4-7.

Figure 4-6 Volume Swell in Fuel

Figure 4-7a Tensile Strength Figure 4-7b Elongation at Break

Volume Swell

Tensile Strength Elongation

Therban Grades-Volume Swell in Fuel

ACN Content (%)

Volu

me

Chan

ge (%

)

Therban A 340734

Therban A 390739

Therban A 455543

20

0

40

60

80

100Diesel Fuel

ASTM Fuel C(72 hours @ 70C)

(48 hours @ 23C)

Comparison of Therban, FKM, NBR, and XNBR in Test FluidSour crude oil in presence of NACE B(Amine Corrosion Inhibitor)

Sour Gas/Diesel Oil/H2O/1% NACE BSour Gas: 20% H2S, 65% Methane, 15% CO2

Tens

ile S

treng

th (M

Pa)

Therban A 3407

FKM A FKM B NBR XNBR

5

0

10

20

15

25

30

Aged 7 days @ 150C/100 barUnaged

Comparison of Therban, FKM, NBR, and XNBR in Test FluidSour crude oil in presence of NACE B(Amine Corrosion Inhibitor)

Sour Gas/Diesel Oil/H2O/1% NACE BSour Gas: 20% H2S, 65% Methane, 15% CO2

Elon

gatio

n at

Bre

ak (%

)

50

0

100

250

150

300

200

350

400

Aged 7 days @ 150C/100 barUnaged

Therban A 3407

FKM A FKM B NBR XNBR

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4.6 Resistance to Gas PermeationVulcanizates of Therban polymers provide very good resistance to permeation of air and nitrogen and comparefavorably to the performance of a nitrile polymer with similar acrylonitrile content. Both polymers exhibit onlyslightly higher permeation coefficients than butyl rubber over the temperature range of 30C to 90C, as indicatedin Table 4-1.

4.7 Hot Air Aging Resistance Fully Saturated Therban

The Arrhenius plot of service life (using 100%absolute ultimate elongation as the criterion) versusexposure temperature indicates the limitingtemperature for 1000 hours service is approximately155C (310F) and approximately 125C (257F) for10,000 hours exposure, as illustrated in Figure 4-8.


Figure 4-8 Arrhenius Plot for Hot Air Aging Resistance

Permeation Coefficient (m2s-1 Pa-1) 1017 (DIN 53536)of air of nitrogen of carbon dioxide of methane

Elastomer 30C 70C 90C 30C 70C 90C 40C 70C 90C 90CPerbunan NT 3445 0.3 3.7 8.0 0.2 3.0 6.3 13 38 59 13

Therban A 3407 0.6 3.9 8.3 0.3 2.8 6.6 14 41 62 17

Butyl rubber 0.2 2.5 6.4 0.2 1.6 5.9 4 13 20

Table 4-1 Permeation Coefficient

Hot Air Aging Resistance

Fully Saturated Therban A 3407

Hour

s (L

ifetim

e)

Exposure Temperature (C)

100200 180 160 140 100120

1,000

10,000

Therban non-black Therban black


4.8 Chemical Resistance of Therban VulcanizatesThe table below gives an overview of the typical chemical resistance of vulcanizates based on Therban rubber.*

* unless otherwise indicated, all tests were run on Therban A 3407-based compounds


Typical Chemical ResistanceMedium Conditions RatingWater 28 days/100C A

Steam 28 days/150C A

Steam 7 days/160C B

Nitric Acid, 5% 14 days/23C B

Nitric Acid, 5% 14 days/60C E

Hydrochloric Acid, 15% 7 days/50C A

Hydrochloric Acid, conc. 3 days/23C E

Sulfuric Acid, 15% 28 days/50C A

Sulfuric Acid, 15% 28 days/100C D

Sulfuric Acid, 50% 28 days/50C A

Sulfuric Acid, 50% 28 days/100C E

Chromic Acid, 21% 1 day/50C B

Chromic Acid, 21% 2 days/50C C

Chromic Acid, 21% 3 days/50C E

Acetic Acid, 50% 28 days/50C E

Acetic Acid, 99.8% 3 days/23C E

Caustic Soda, 25% 28 days/50C A

Caustic Soda, 25% 28 days/100C B

Caustic Soda, 50% 28 days/100C C

Ammonia, 25% 3 days/23C A

Methane, 100 Bar 4 days/150C A

Methanol 3 days/23C B

Methanol 14 days/23C B

Methanol 14 days/50C C

Methanol/Water, 50:50 3 days/23C B

Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) 3 days/23C E

Acetamide 3 days/100C C

N,N'-Dimethylformamide 3 days/23C E

Medium Conditions RatingEthyl Acetate 3 days/23C E

Tris-n-butylphosphate 3 days/23C E

ASTM Fuel C(Therban A 4307 recommended) 2 days/23C E

Sour Gasoline 3 days/60C A(ASTM Fuel C + tert.-butyl-hydroperoxide)(Therban A 4307 recommended)

FAM Fuel 1(1) (DIN 51604) 3 days/23C E(3)

FAM Fuel II(2) (DIN 51604) 3 days/23C E(3)

Jet Fuel (Jet A1) 2 days/50C B

ASTM Oil 1 (Therban A 3907) 3 days/150C A

ASTM Oil 2 (Therban A 3907) 3 days/150C B

ASTM Oil 3 (Therban A 3907) 3 days/150C B

H2S 5 days/100C B(saturated in Diesel oil in presence of steam)

Silicone Oil (Baysilone PH 300) 14 days/100C A

Silicone Oil (Baysilone PH 300) 14 days/150C B

Engine Oil SAE 20W20 21 days/150C B(BP Vanellus T)

Hypoid Oil, BP EB 90 14 days/130C A

Hypoid Oil Shell Spirax EP 90 14 days/130C C

ATF Oil Shell Dexron 2 150C/21 days B

ATF Oil Pentosin CHF 7.1 125C/14 days B

ATF Oil Pentosin CHF 11 S 125C/14 days B

Brake Fluid ATE DOT 4 50C/56 days B

Engine Coolant 150C/56 days A(Ethylene Glycol + H2O 1:1)

Engine Coolant 107C/28 days C(Ethylene Glycol + H2O 1:1)with 1% Rhenotest 3E (corrosion inhibitor)

Table 4-2 Typical Chemical Resistance of Vulcanizates based on Therban Rubber

(1) Toluene/isooctane/diisobutylene/ethanol:50/30/15/5 volume%

(2) FAM 1/methanol/H2O:84.5/15/0.5 volume% + 20 ppm formic acid

(3) For fuel contact, Therban A 4307 or C 4367 are recommended

See following page for Rating Scale and Reference Test Formulation

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Rating Scale

Reference Test Formulation

Polymer 100.0

Zinc Oxide 2.0

Stearic Acid 0.5

Maglite D-Bar 2.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4

N550 Carbon Black 50.0

Varox DBPH-50 10.0

Ricon 153-D 6.5

Table 4-4 Reference Test Formulation

A B C D E

Change in Hardness (Shore A points) 2 5 10 15 >15

Change in Tensile Strength (%) 10 20 30 50 >50

Change in Elongation at Break (%) 10 20 30 50 >50

Change in Weight (%) 2 5 15 30 >30

Change in Volume (%) 4 10 25 40 >40

Rating excellent very good good fair poor

Table 4-3 Rating Scale for Typical Chemical Resistance


5. FormularyThe following formulations together with laboratory test data are provided for reference of typical Therban recipesrecommended for sealing applications.

Additional recommendations for specific applications can be obtained from your Bayer representative or RegionalTechnical Center.


Automotive Gasketing, 60 Shore A

Therban A 3907 100.0

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Stearic Acid 1.0

Maglite D-Bar 10.0

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.8

Vulkanox DDA 2.0



Plasthall 810TM 8.0

Paraplex G31 17.0

Ricon 153-D 6.5

Varox DBPH 50 10.0

TOTAL 210.3

Table 5-1.a Formulation for Automotive Gasketing, 60 Shore A

Change in Properties After AgingActual Change (%)

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 168 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 76 +16 (points)Tensile Strength (MPa) 15.5 7Elongation at Break (%) 365 3

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 1,000 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 84 +24 (points)Tensile Strength (MPa) 17.1 +2Elongation at Break (%) 135 64

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 70 hours @ 175CHardness (Shore A points) 72 +12 (points)Tensile Strength (MPa) 14.7 12Elongation at Break (%) 325 13

Aged in ASTM Oil #1, 168 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 68 +8 (points)Tensile Strength (MPa) 18.7 +12Elongation at Break (%) 335 11Volume (%) 8

Aged in ASTM Oil #3, 168 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 58 2 (points)Tensile Strength (MPa) 15.9 5Elongation at Break (%) 340 9Volume (%) +7

Compression Set70 hours @ 150C (%) 26168 hours @ 150C (%) 35

Low Temperature Retraction (C)TR 10 (C) 24TR 30 (C) 19TR 50 (C) 16TR 70 (C) 12

Table 5-1.c Aged Properties of Automotive Gasketing, 60 Shore A

Properties

Compound Properties

Mooney Viscosity ML 1+4 @ 100C 56

Mooney Scorch t 5 @ 125C (minutes) 22

Physical PropertiesCure 10 minutes @ 180C

Hardness (Shore A) 60

100% Modulus (MPa) 3.0


Tensile Strength (MPa) 16.7

Elongation at Break (%) 375

Table 5-1.b Properties of Automotive Gasketing, 60 Shore A

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Page 15 of 32


Engine Seal, 70 Shore A


Zinc Oxide 2.0

Maglite D-Bar 2.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.0

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4


Perkalink 301 2.5

Perkadox 14/40 7.0

TOTAL 159.9

Table 5-2.a Formulation for Engine Seal, 70 Shore A

Properties

Compound Properties

Mooney ViscosityML 1+4 @ 100C 122

Mooney Scorcht5 @ 140C (minutes) 16

Physical Properties Cure 10 minutes @ 180C

Hardness (Shore A points) 71






Die C Tear Strength (kN/m) 40

Compression Set 72 hours @ 150C (%) 33

Table 5-2.b Properties of Engine Seal, 70 Shore A

Change in Properties After Aging

8 hours 25 minutes Goodrich Flexometer, 1.0 MPa load, 4.45 mm stroke @ 140C @ 100C

Temperature Rise (C) 34.1 36.3

Permanent Set (%) 3.5 0.8

Final Temperature (C) 201 177

Aged in Hot Air (Oven) @ 150C 14 days 28 days 42 days

Hardness (Shore A points) +10 +13 +16

100% Modulus (%) +113 +178 +306

Tensile Strength (%) +5 +3 +1

Elongation at Break (%) -27 -42 -60

Aged in Engine Oil 15W40 @ 150C 3 days 7 days 14 days

Hardness (Shore A points) +10 +13 +16

100% Modulus (%) +45 +57 +41

Tensile Strength (%) -1 0 -3

Elongation at Break (%) -27 -30 -30

Volume (%) 2.4 2.4 2.6

Weight (%) 1.9 2.3 2.6

Table 5-2.c Aged Properties of Engine Seal, 70 Shore A



Engine Seal, Ford M2D-374A


Maglite D-Bar 3.0

Zinc Oxide 2.0

Stearic Acid 1.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4


Paraplex G-31 3.0

Plasthall TOTM 2.0

TP 95 5.0

Ricon 153-D 6.5

Varox DBPH-50 9.0

TOTAL 187.6

Change in Properties After AgingM2D 374A

RequirementsAged in Hot Air (Oven), 168 hours @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) 8 +12 max.

Tensile Strength (%) 2 +15 max.

100% Modulus (%) 111 +180 max.

Elongation at Break (%) 16 30 max.

Aged in ASTM #1 Oil, 168 hours at 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) 5 5 to +10 max.

Tensile Strength (%) 9 +25 max.

100% Modulus (%) 28


Volume (%) 5 14 max.

Aged in IRM 903 Oil, 168 hours at 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) 3 10 max.

Tensile Strength (%) 2 5 max.

100% Modulus (%) 2

Elongation at Break (%) 10 5 to +25

Volume (%) 6.5 +16 max.

Aged in SAE 10W40 Oil*, 168 hours @ 150C


Tensile Strength (%) 7

100% Modulus (%) 33


Volume (%) 0

Ozone Resistance, 50 pphm @ 40C, 20% Extension

168 hours no cracks no cracks

* ESE-M2D 374-A does not call for aging in motor oil

Table 5-3.c Properties of Engine Seal, Ford M2D-374A

PropertiesM2D 374A

Compound Properties RequirementsSpecific Gravity 1.18 1.2 0.02Mooney Viscosity ML 1+4 @ 100C 86.4Mooney Scorch t 5 @ 125C (minutes) >30

Physical Properties Cure 10 minutes @ 180CHardness (Shore A) 76 80 5100% Modulus (MPa) 6.1 5.5 min.Tensile Strength (MPa) 22.9 20.7 min.Elongation at Break (%) 310 250 min.

Compression Set (%)70 hours at 150C 28 45 max.Brittle Point (C) 54 40 min.

ODR Cure Characteristics @ 177CMH (dN.m) 64.6ML (dN.m) 7.3t 2 (minutes) 1.1t 90 (minutes) 10.6

Low Temperature Retraction (C)TR 10 (C) 21TR 30 (C) 10TR 50 (C) 6TR 70 (C) 2

Table 5-3.b Properties of Engine Seal, Ford M2D-374A

Table 5-3.a Formulation for Engine Seal, Ford M2D-374A

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Page 17 of 32


HNBR Pump Stator, 70 Shore A

Therban C 4367 100.0

Stearic Acid 1.0

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Elastomag 170 2.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.0

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.6

Aktiplast PP 1.5


Mistron Vapor 25.0

Plasthall P-7050 8.0

Paraplex G31 7.0

Spider Sulfur 1.3

Vulkacit Thiuram 2.0

Vulkacit Merkapto 0.5

Vulkalent E 1.0

TOTAL 190.9

Table 5-4.a Formulation for Therban Pump Stator, 70 Shore A


Aged in ASTM #3 Oil, 70 hours @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) +1


Elongation at Break (%) +15

Volume Swell (%) +4

Aged in Water, 70 hours @ 100C




Volume (%) +5.4

Table 5-4.c Aged Properties of Therban Pump Stator, 70 Shore A

Properties

Compound Properties

Mooney Viscosity

ML 1+4 @ 100C 66

ML 1+4 @ 130C 36

Mooney Scorch t 5 @ 125C (minutes) 30







Table 5-4.b Properties of Therban Pump Stator, 70 Shore A



Fuel Pump O Ring, 75 Shore A

Meeting Bosch VS 17096

Therban A3907 100.0

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Stearic Acid 1.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4



Struktol WB300 5.0

Ricon 153-D 6.5

Trigonox 101 (45%) (Varox DBPH-50) 8.0

TOTAL 177.0

Table 5-5.a Formulation for Fuel Pump O Ring, 75 Shore A

Change in Properties After AgingBosch VS 17096

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 70 hours @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) +6 6 max.

50% Modulus (%) +73

100% Modulus (%) +74

Tensile Strength (%) 4 25 max.


Aged in ASTM Oil #2, 70 hours @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) 4 0 to 10

100% Modulus (%) +9

300% Modulus (%) +2

Tensile Strength (%) 3 20 MPa min.

Elongation at Break (%) 3 200% min.

Volume (%) +8 0 to +15

Aged in Diesel Fuel, 70 hours @ 100C

Hardness (Shore A points) 11 0 to 15

100% Modulus (%) +5

Tensile Strength (%) 9 20 MPa min.


Volume (%) +16.7 0 to +30

Aged in FAM 1 Fuel*, 70 hours @ 60C

Hardness (Shore A points) 25 25 max.

100% Modulus (%) 14



Volume (%) +72 0 to +90

Aged in FAM 1 Fuel, 70 hours @ 60C, then dried 24 hours @ 125C

Hardness (Shore A points) +6 +8 max.

100% Modulus (%) +40

300% Modulus (%) +13

Tensile Strength (%) +5 20 MPa min.


Volume (%) 7.9 0 to 10

* FAM 1 Fuel (% by volume): 50 Toluene, 30 Isooctane, 15 Diisobutylene, 5 Ethanol

Table 5-5.c Aged Properties of Fuel Pump O Ring, 75 Shore A

PropertiesBosch VS 17096

Compound Properties


Mooney Scorch t 5 @ 125C (minutes) >25

Physical Properties Cure 9 minutes at 180C

Hardness (Shore A) 75 75 5




Tensile Strength (MPa) 26.8 20 min.

Elongation (%) 330 200 min.

Compression Set

24 hours @ 150C (%) 21

72 hours @ 150C (%) 29 35 max.

Cure Characteristics @ 180C

MH (dN.m) 56

ML (dN.m) 12

t 1 (minutes) 1.1

t 50 (minutes) 3.0

t 90 (minutes) 6.5

Table 5-5.b Properties of Fuel Pump O Ring, 75 Shore A

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Reciprocating Shaft Seal

Therban B 3627 100.0


Vulkasil S 30.0

Dioctyl Sebacate 8.0

Vulkanox HS 1.0

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Diak #7 3.0

SILQUEST A-174 Silane 1.0

Varox DBPH-50 10.0

TOTAL 178.0

Table 5-6.a Formulation for Reciprocating Shaft Seal










Volume (%) +9





Volume (%) 5.4

Aged in API GL5 Gear Oil, 168 hours @ 150C


Tensile Strength (%) +4


Volume (%) 3.3

Table 5-6.c Aged Properties of Reciprocating Shaft Seal

Properties

Compound Properties








DIN Abrasion (mm3 loss) 109

Compression Set Method B

70 hours @ 125C (%) 13

168 hours @ 125C (%) 20

70 hours @ 150C (%) 20

Temperature Retraction

TR 10 (C) 31

Table 5-6.b Properties of Reciprocating Shaft Seal



Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A

Therban B 3627 100.0

Hi-Sil 233 15.0


Whitetex W 30.0

TP 95 10.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Titanox 1000 2.0

Stearic Acid 0.5

Sunproof Wax 1.0

Maglite D-Bar 5.0

DIAK #7 3.0

Varox DBPH-50 9.0

TOTAL 182.9

Table 5-7.a Formulation for Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A

Change in Properties After AgingM2D 463A

RequirementsAged in Hot Air (Oven), 1,000 hours @ 125C

Hardness (Shore A points) 6 0 to +15

Tensile Strength (%) 22 10 to +25

Elongation at Break (%) 6 35

Aged in R134a/PAG, 168 hours @ 23C


Tensile Strength (%) 1 10


Volume (%) 0.6 10





Volume (%) 5.5 10




Elongation at Break (%) 26 30 to 0

Volume (%) 13 0 to +25

Ozone Resistance, 50 pphm @ 40C, 20% Extension

72 hours no cracks no cracks

* A formulation with a blend of 25 % Perbunan NT 1845 and 75%Therban C 3467 meets the temperature retraction specification.However, retained properties after exposure to R 134a refrigerant donot meet specifications. The formulation and properties are shown inTable 5.7 addendum.

Table 5-7.c Aged Properties of Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A

PropertiesM2D 463A

RequirementsCompound Properties


Mooney Scorcht 5 @ 125C (minutes) >30


Hardness (Shore A) 74 705

100% Modulus (MPa) 6.0 2.8 min.

Tensile Strength (MPa) 14.2 10.3 min.

Elongation at Break (%) 190 150 min.

Compression Set (%)

70 hours @ 150C 14 25 max.

Brittleness Point (C) 69 40 min.

*Low Temperature Retraction

TR 10 (C) 29 29

TR 30 (C) 25

TR 50 (C) 23

TR 70 (C) 20

Table 5-7.b Properties of Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A

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Page 21 of 32


Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A

Therban C 3467 75.0

Perbunan NT 1845 25.0

Zinkoxyd Aktiv 2.0

Maglite D-Bar 2.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.5

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4

Vulkasil A1 50.0

SILQUEST RC-1 Silane 2.0

Dioctyl Sebacate 10.0

Perkalink 301 1.25

Perkadox 14/40 (Vul-Cup 40KE) 6.5

TOTAL 175.65

Table 5-7.a Addendum Formulation for Refrigerant SystemSeal Ford M2D 463A

PropertiesFord M2D 463ASpecification



100% Modulus (MPa) 3.5 2.8 min.

300% Modulus (MPa) 12.0 10.3 min.

Tensile Strength (MPa) 12.8 150 min.


Compression Set

70 hours @ 135C (%) 17 25

Temperature Retraction @ 150% Elongation

TR 10 (C) 35 35

TR 70 (C) 18

Table 5-7.b Addendum Properties of Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A


Without Lube With Lube Ford M2D 462ASpecification

Freon R134A (with and without lubricant EMKAROX RL118D), for 4 weeks @ 90C, in closed bomb

Hardness (Shore A points) 7 7 15 to +5

Tensile Strength (%) 22 23 10

100% Modulus (%) +11 +11

Elongation at Break (%) 34 34 25

Volume (%) +7.3 +7.9 10

Weight (%) +9.0 +10.1

Table 5-7.c Addendum Aged Properties of Refrigerant System Seal Ford M2D 463A



Wet Cylinder Liner and Transmission Seal, 70 Shore A


Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

TE 80 Powder 1.0

Zinc Oxide 5.0

Maglite D-Bar 5.0



Varox DBPH-50 10.0

Diak #7 4.0

TOTAL 186.5

Table 5-8.a Formulation for Wet Cylinder Liner andTransmission Seal, 70 Shore A

Change in Properties After AgingActual Change

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 1,000 hours @ 135CHardness (Shore A points) 81 +6Tensile Strength (MPa) 22.9 +5Elongation at Break (%) 130 24

Aged in Hot Air (Oven), 1,000 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 87 +12Tensile Strength (MPa) 22.3 +2Elongation at Break (%) 70 59

Aged in Esso Extra 5W30, 1,000 hours @ 135CHardness (Shore A points) 76 +1Tensile Strength (MPa) 20.0 8Elongation at Break (%) 110 35Volume (%) +6




Aged in Dexron II ATF, 1,000 hours @ 135CHardness (Shore A points) 76 +1Tensile Strength (MPa) 19.5 11Elongation at Break (%) 115 32Volume (%) +7

Aged in Dexron II ATF, 1,500 hours @ 135CHardness (Shore A points) 78 +3Tensile Strength (MPa) 13.9 36Elongation at Break (%) 65 62Volume (%) +8

Aged in Dexron II ATF, 500 hours @ 150CHardness (Shore A points) 78 +3Tensile Strength (MPa) 16.6 24Elongation at Break (%) 85 50

Table 5-8.c Aged Properties of Wet Cylinder Liner andTransmission Seal, 70 Shore A

Properties

Compound Properties



Physical Properties Cure 14 minutes at 180C





Compression Set

168 hours @ 135C (%) 15

1000 hours @ 135C (%) 25

1500 hours @ 135C (%) 29

168 hours @ 150C (%) 18

1000 hours @ 150C (%) 30

1500 hours @ 150C (%) 35

Table 5-8.b Properties of Wet Cylinder Liner andTransmission Seal, 70 Shore A

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Page 23 of 32


Therban Compounds for ASTM D2000 M4DH 516

Therban A 3406 100 70 50

Therban LT XN 535C 0 30 50

Elastomag 170 Powder 3 3 3

Vulkanox DDA 1 1 1

Vulkanox ZMB 2/C5 0.4 0.4 0.4

N550 Carbon Black 15 15 15

N990 Carbon Black 40 40 40

TOTM 30 30 30

Varox DBPH-50 7 7 7

Diak #7 3 3 3

TOTAL 199.4 199.4 199.4

Table 5-9.a Formulation for Therban Compounds for ASTM D 2000 M4DH 516

Properties

Compound Processing Properties Cure 14 minutes @ 177C

Mooney Viscosity ML 1+4 @ 100C 32.8 29 27.3

Mooney Scorcht 5 @ 125C (minutes) >30 >30 >30

ODR t 2 (minutes) 1.9 2.0 2.0

ODR t 90 (minutes) 10.8 11.2 11.2

Compound Physical Properties Cure 14 minutes @ 177C


100% Modulus (MPa) 2.5 2.0 1.9

Tensile Strength (MPa) 15.5 13.5 12.9


Die C Tear Strength (kN/m) 19.4 14.9 14.1

Gehman Torsional Stiffness T100 (C) 39 39 44

Compression Set 22 hours @ 150C (%) 9 10 10

Table 5-9.b Properties of Therban Compounds for ASTM D 2000 M4DH 516





Hardness (Shore A points) 7 8 6

100% Modulus (%) 36 60 68





100% Modulus (%) 8 30 21



Volume (%) 13 12 12

Weight (%) 11 11 11

Aged in IRM 903 Oil, 70 hours @ 150C


100% Modulus (%) 4 10 11



Volume (%) 5.1 8.4 12

Weight (%) 3.2 5.6 8.6

Table 5-9.c Aged Properties of Therban Compounds for ASTM D 2000 M4DH 516

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Page 25 of 32


Ozone-Resistant Seal Compounds

Therban C 3446 100 100 100 100

Therban C 3467 100 100

Aktiplast PP 1 1 1 1 1 1

Zinc Oxide 2 2 2 2 2 2

Naugard 445 1 1 1 1 1 1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4

Antilux 111 2 2 2 2

N550 Carbon Black 45 45 45 45 45 45

Diak #7 1.5

Perkadox 1440 7

Vulkalent E 2 2 2 2 2

Rhenocure IS60/5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Vulkacit Thiuram 2 2 2 2 2

Vulkacit CZ 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5

Vulkazon AFS 2 2

Vulkanox 4020 2 2

TOTAL 157.9 154.4 156.4 156.4 156.4 156.4

Table 5-10.a Formulation for Ozone-Resistant Seal Compounds



Properties

Compound Processing Properties

Mooney ViscosityML 1+4 @ 100C 78 84 62 62 71 71

Mooney Scorcht 5 @125C (minutes) 13 34 31 21 36 25

Compound Physical Properties

Hardness (Shore A) 71 70 68 67 68 68

100% Modulus (MPa) 4.9 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.9

Tensile Strength (MPa) 24.4 30.2 29.8 30.1 28.2 28.3

Elongation at Break (%) 330 580 580 575 595 575

Table 5-10.b Properties of Ozone Resistant Seal Compounds

Ozone Resistance

Ozone Resistance 200 phm/40C 1 week exposure, time to 1st crack

10% Strain None 24 None None None None


30% Strain None 6 36 None None None


Ozone Resistance 200 phm/40C, Aged in Air (Oven), 72 hours @ 150C, 2 weeks exposure, time to 1st crack




60% Strain None 8 7 8 None None

Note: 1. Vulkazon AFS is an effective non-staining antiozonant for HNBR compounds provided the polymer contains less than 5% residual double bonds.It does not reduce the scorch safety of sulfur cured compounds as observed with the addition of Vulkanox 4020.

Table 5-10.c Aged Properties of Ozone-Resistant Seal Compounds

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Page 27 of 32


Non-black Engine Seal, 70 Shore A


Maglite D-Bar 2.0

Zinc Oxide 3.0

Aktiplast PP 2.0

Vulkanox DDA 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.5

Vulkasil A1 55.0


Diak #7 1.5

Perkadox 14/40 (Vul-Cup 40KE) 7.0

TOTAL 173.6

Table 5-11.a Formulation for Non-black Engine Seal

Change in Properties After Aging336 1,008

hours hoursAged in Hot Air (Oven) @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) +5 +5



168 672hours hours

Aged in SAE 20W20 Oil @ 150C

Hardness (Shore A points) 6 4

Tensile Strength (%) +1 6


Table 5-11.c Aged Properties of Non-black Engine Seal

Properties

Compound Properties


Physical Properties @ 23C






Compression Set, Method B

70 hours @ 150C (%) 20

Temperature Retraction

TR 10 (C) 19

Physical Properties @ 10C





Table 5-11.b Properties of Non-black Engine Seal



Brake Seal, 60 Shore A

Therban LT XN 535C 100

Elastomag 170P 4

Vanfre AP2 2

Vulkanox HS 1.1

Vulkanox ZMB 2 0.5

Vulkazon AFS 1.5

Antilux 500 Wax 1.5

N550 Carbon Black 30

N774 Carbon Black 28

Zinc Oxide 3

Paraplex G31 5

Plasthall TOTM 6

Diak #7 2.2

Varox DBPH-50 7

TOTAL 191.8

Specific Gravity 1.186

Table 5-12.a Formulation for Brake Seal

Properties

Compound Properties

Mooney ViscosityML 1+4 @ 100C 54.1

Cure 30 minutes @ 177C, 1.7 Hz, 1 arc

Torque Range (dN.m) 50

MH (dN.m) 38.1

ML (dN.m) 4.5

MHML (dN.m) 33.7

t 1 (minutes) 1.5

t 50 (minutes) 5.0

t 90 (minutes) 11.5

t 95 (minutes) 14.6

Physical PropertiesCure 15 minutes @ 177C








Compression Set, Method BCure 22 minutes @ 177C

70 hours @ 150C (%) 57

Gehman Torsional StiffnessCure 15 minutes @ 177C

T2 (C) 21

T5 (C) 31

T10 (C) 35

T100 (C) 40

Die C Tear Strength (kN/m) 22.2

Table 5-12.b Properties of Brake Seal

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Change in Properties After AgingActual Change



25% Modulus (%) 2.5 12

50% Modulus (%) 4.6 127

100% Modulus (%) 9.5 102

200% Modulus (%) 17 29

Tensile Strength (%) 17.9 8


Aged in Dot 3 Brake Fluid, 168 hours @ 121C


25% Modulus (%) 0.47 57

50% Modulus (%) 1.1 42

100% Modulus (%) 3.6 23



Volume (%) 37

Weight (%) 44



25% Modulus (%) 1.1

50% Modulus (%) 2 5

100% Modulus (%) 5 6

200% Modulus (%) 14.9 13

Tensile Strength (%) 17.4 5


Volume (%) 2.6

Weight (%) 2.4

Table 5-12.c Aged Properties of Brake Seal



Appendix I Compounding Ingredients

Ingredients Chemical Name Suppliers

Antilux 111 blend of paraffins & microcrystalline waxes Rhein Chemie

Aktiplast PP zinc salts of fatty acids Rhein Chemie

Carbowax 3350 polyethylene glycol Union Carbide

Diak #7 triallyl isocyanurate DuPont

Di-Cup 40C dicumyl peroxide (40% active) Hercules

DOS dioctyl sebacate Various

Elastomag 170 magnesium oxide Akrochem

Hi-Sil 233 precipitated hydrated amorphous silica PPG

Hi-Sil 532EP precipitated hydrated amorphous silica PPG

HVA #2 N,N'-m-phenylenedimaleimide DuPont

Maglite D-Bar magnesium oxide C.P. Hall

Mistron Vapor magnesium silicate Luzenac America

Naugard 445 substituted diphenylamine Uniroyal Chemical

Paraplex G31 low molecular wt. polyester C.P. Hall

Perkadox 14/40 bis (t-butyl-peroxy) diisopropylbenzene Hercules

Plasthall TOTM trioctyl trimellitate C.P. Hall

Plasthall 810TM linear trimellitate C.P. Hall

Plasthall -P7050 dialkyl diether glutarate C.P. Hall

Protox 168 surface treated zinc oxide New Jersey Zinc

Rhenocure IS 60/5 insoluble sulfur (95%) Rhein Chemie

Ricon 153-D 1,2-polybutadiene (65% on calcium silicate) Summit Chemical

SILQUEST Silane A 174 methacryloxypropyl trimethoxy silane CK Witco

SILQUEST Silane A 189 coupling agent for fillers CK Witco

Silene 732D precipitated hydrated amorphous silica PPG

Spider Sulfur magnesium carbonate coated sulfur C.P. Hall

Struktol WB300 mixed aromatic/aliphatic ester Struktol

SR 350 trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Sartomer

Trigonox 101 (45%) 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butyl-peroxy) hexane, 45% Akzo Chemie

TAIC triallyl isocyanurate Akzo Chemie

TP 95 di(butoxy-ethoxy-ethyl) adipate Morton Thiokol

SILQUEST RC 1 Silane organo silicon coupling agent for mineral fillers CK Witco

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Ingredients Chemical Name Suppliers

Vanfre AP-2 processing lubricant R.T. Vanderbilt

Varox DBPH-50 2,5-dimethyl(t-butyl-peroxy) hexane (45%) R.T. Vanderbilt

Vul-Cup 40KE bis(t-butyl-peroxy) diisopropylbenzene (40%) Hercules

Vulkacit CZ n-cyclohexyl-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS) Bayer

Vulkacit DM benzothiazole disulfide (MBTS) Bayer

Vulkacit Merkapto 2-mercapto benzothiazole (MBT) Bayer

Vulkacit Thiuram tetramethyl thiuram disulfide (TMTD) Bayer

Vulkacit Thiuram MS tetramethyl thiuram monosulfide (TMTM) Bayer/RheinChemie

Vulkalent E sulfonamide derivative (retarder) Bayer

Vulkanol OT ether thioether plasticizer Bayer

Vulkanox 4020 (6PPD) N-(1,3 dimethyl butyl)-N-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine Bayer

Vulkanox DDA styrenated diphenyl amine (SDPA) Bayer/RheinChemie

Vulkanox HS 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, polymerized (TMQ) Bayer

Vulkanox OCD octylated diphenylamine (ODPA) Bayer/RheinChemie

Vulkanox ZMB 2 zinc methylmercaptobenzimidazole (ZMMBI) Bayer

Vulkasil A1 sodium-aluminum silicate (medium activity) Bayer

Vulkasil N precipitated hydrated silica (low activity) Bayer

Vulkasil S precipitated hydrated silica (high activity) Bayer

Vulkazon AFS bis (1,2,3,6-tetrahydrobenzaldehyde pentaerythrityl acetal) Bayer

Witamoll 218 tri-n-octyl-decyltrimellitate Hls

Zeolex 23 sodium aluminum silicate J.M. Huber

Zinkoxyd Aktiv highly active zinc oxide (precipitated) Bayer



Appendix II

Test Methods

Standard Test

ASTM D 395, Method B Compression Set

ASTM D 412 Tensile Strength

Ultimate Elongation

ASTM D 471 Fluid Aging

ASTM D 573 Hot Air Aging

ASTM D 624 Tear Strength, Die C

ASTM D 746 Temperature Retraction (TR)

ASTM D 813 Dynamic Tests (DeMattia)

ASTM D 1053 Low Temperature Stiffening(Gehman)

ASTM D 1149 Ozone Resistance

ASTM D 1646 Mooney Viscosity

ASTM D 2084 Monsanto Rheometer

ASTM D 2137 Brittleness Point (Method A)

ASTM D 2240 Hardness

DIN 53516 Abrasion Loss

Acralen, Baycoll, Baypren, Baystal, Desmocoll, Desmodur, Disflamoll, Dispercoll, Emulvin, Krylene, Krynac, Krynol, Levapren, Mesamoll, Perbunan, Polysplint, Porofor,Renacit, Taktene, Therban, Tornac, Trans-Pip, Ultramoll, Vulkacit, Vulkalent, Vulkanox, Vulkazon, Polysar and , Adimoll, Buna, Unimoll, Vulkadur, Vulkanol,Vulkasil, Zinkoxyd aktiv are registered in the U.S. by Bayer AG, Germany and in various countries. Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respectivecompanies.

The conditions of your use and application of our products, technical assistance, and information (whether verbal, written, or by way of production evaluations), including any suggestedformulation and recommendations, are beyond our control. Therefore, it is imperative that you test our products, technical assistance, and information to determine to your ownsatisfaction whether they are suitable for your intended uses and applications. This application-specific analysis at least must include testing to determine suitability from a technical aswell as health, safety, and environmental standpoint. Such testing has not necessarily been done by Bayer. All information is given without warranty or guarantee. It is expresslyunderstood and agreed that customer assumes and hereby expressly releases Bayer from all liability, in tort, contract or otherwise, incurred in connection with the use of our products,technical assistance, and information. Any statement or recommendation not contained herein is unauthorized and shall not bind Bayer. Nothing herein shall be construed as arecommendation to use any product in conflict with patents covering any material or its use. No license is implied or in fact granted under the claims of any patent.

HEALTH AND SAFETY INFORMATION Appropriate literature has been assembled that provides information concerning thehealth and safety precautions that must be observed when handling Bayer products mentioned in this publication. For materialsmentioned that are not Bayer products, appropriate industrial hygiene and other safety precautions recommended by theirmanufacturers should be followed. BEFORE WORKING WITH ANY PRODUCT MENTIONED IN THIS PUBLICATION, YOU MUSTREAD AND BECOME FAMILIAR WITH THE AVAILABLE INFORMATION CONCERNING ITS HAZARDS, PROPER USE, ANDHANDLING. This cannot be overemphasized. Information is available in several forms, e.g., material safety data sheets andproduct labels. Consult your Bayer representative or the Product Safety and Regulatory Affairs Department of Bayer Corporation.

Bayer Corporation, 2000.

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