tilapia global supply and demand in 2014. kevin fitzsimmons, ph.d. university of arizona, professor...
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Tilapia Global Supply and Demand in 2014.
Kevin Fitzsimmons, Ph.D.University of Arizona, Professor of Environmental Science
World Aquaculture Society, Past-President
Aquaculture without Frontiers, Past-Chairman
New Orleans
February 2015
Tilapia: continuing to increase in popularity globally
• Tilapias are second only to the carps as a farmed food fish.
• In 2012 the global volume of farmed fish exceeded global volume of beef for the first time (FAO)
• Tilapia have unique characteristics that will facilitate its continued growth to someday surpass carp production.
Global production of some major farmed fishes
1980 1990 2000 2008 2010 2011 2012 20130
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
5,000,000
TilapiaCatfish Salmon
Met
ric
tons
per
yea
r
0
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
1,800,000
World Tilapia Production of 4,850,000 mt in 2014
2008 Tilapia exports from China
US54%
Mexico16%
SubSahara Africa11%
Russia8%
EU5%
Others7%
Sales volume = 224,359 mt
2012 Tilapia exports from China
US56%
Mexico10%
SubSahara Africa2%
Russia6%
EU6%
Others20%
Sales
0
1,000,000
2,000,000
3,000,000
4,000,000
5,000,000
6,000,00019
84
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
(est
)
Met
ric
ton
s
Aquaculture Fishery
Global production of tilapia
Top Ten Seafoods (U.S.)per capita (lbs)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
T una 3 Shr imp 3 Shr imp 3.7 Shr imp 4.0 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4 Shr imp 4.1 Shr imp 4.0 Shrimp 4.2 Shrimp 3.8 Shrimp 3.6
Shr imp 3.2 T una 2.9 T una 3.1 T una 3.4 T una 3.1 T una 2.9 T una 2.7 T una 2.8 T una 2.5 T una 2.7 Tuna 2.6 Tuna 2.4 Salmon 2.7
P ol lock 1.6 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.2 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.4 Salmon 1.8 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Salmon 2.0 Tuna 2.3
Salmon 1.5 P ol lock 1.2 P ol lock 1.1 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.5 P ol lock 1.6 P ol lock 1.7 P ol lock 1.34 P ol lock 1.45 T i lapia 1.45 Pollock 1.3 Tilapia 1.5 Tilapia 1.5
Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.1 Catfi sh 1.0 T i lapia 1.0 T i lapia 1.14 T i lapia 1.19 T i lapia 1.21 P ol lock 1.2 Tilapia 1.3 Pollock 1.2 P ollock 1.1
Cod 0.8 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.7 Cod 0.6 T i lapia 0.8 Catfi sh 0.97 Catfi sh 0.90 Catfi sh 0.92 Catfi sh 0.85 Catfi sh 0.8 Pangasius 0.6Pangasius 0.7 P angasius 0.7
Clams 0.5 Clams 0.5 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.6 Cr abs 0.7 Cr abs 0.68 Cr abs 0.61 Cr abs 0.59 Cr abs 0.6 Catfish 0.6 Crabs 0.5 Cod 0.6
Cr abs 0.4 Cr abs 0.4 Clams 0.5 T i lapia 0.5 Cod 0.6 Cod 0.5 Cod 0.47 Cod 0.44 Cod 0.42 Cod 0.5 Crabs 0.5 Cod 0.5 Catfish 0.6
Flatfi sh 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.4 T i lapia 0.4 Clams 0.5 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.4 Clams 0.45 Flatfi sh 0.43 Clams 0.41 P angasius 0.4 Cod 0.5 Catfish 0.5 Crabs 0.6
Scal lops 0.3 T i lapia 0.4 Flatfi sh 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Scal lops 0.3 Flatfi sh 0.32 Clams 0.42 P angasius 0.35 Clams 0.35 Clams 0.3 Clams 0.3 Clams 0.3
T i lapia 0.3
US Consumption of tilapia from domestic and imported sources
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,00019
90
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
Tila
pia
(0
00
's o
f k
g o
f liv
e w
eig
ht)
Domestic Imports
Percentage of US finfish grocery sales: weekly sales averaged $608 per store
US Tilapia consumption (imports and domestic)465,953 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2009)
579,443 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2010)
513,361 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2011)613,406 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2012)
660,762 mt of live weight (equivalent – 2013)633,759 mt of live weight equivalent – 2014)
0
100,000
200,000
300,000
400,000
500,000
600,000
700,000
1986
1988
1990
1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
2006
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2010
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2014
Met
ric
tons
Fillet FreshFillet Frozen
Whole Frozen
$0
$20,000,000
$40,000,000
$60,000,000
$80,000,000
$100,000,000
$120,000,000
$140,000,000
$160,000,000
$180,000,000
$200,000,000
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
$ US
Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.2002
Whole FrozenFillet FrozenFillet Fresh
$0
$200,000,000
$400,000,000
$600,000,000
$800,000,000
$1,000,000,000
$1,200,000,000199
2199
3199
4199
5199
6199
7199
8199
9200
0200
1200
2200
3200
4200
5200
6200
7200
8200
9201
0201
1201
2201
3201
4
$ US
Value of Tilapia product forms imported to the U.S.
Whole FrozenFillet FrozenFillet Fresh
$842,866,006(2010), $838,349,634(2011), $986,127,852 (2012), $1,034,501,000 (2013)
$1,114,646,000 (2014)
• Imports to US in 2014 were $1,114,646,000 • US production of about 30,000,000 lbs at
farm• 2014 US tilapia farm-gate sales were about
$90,000,000• 2014 US Tilapia Sales estimate –• $1,114,646,000 + $90,000,000 =
$ 1,204,646,000
US Sales of tilapia
Selective breeding and genetic improvements
• Excellent breeding programs - G.I.F.T. - Malaysia- Acuaplan - Mexico- Genomar - Brasil and Norway- Chitralada – Thailand- TabTim – Thailand (CP Group)- GIFT Excell – Philippines- Molobicus - Philippines- GIFT Bangladesh
• Several in Israel • YY Supermale - Philippines and
Swansea, Egypt and Indonesia
Genetic improvements in tilapia
(From: Mair, G., 2002)
Tilapia Genome Project
• March 2011 - First assembly of the tilapia genome• Oreochromis niloticus – Nile Tilapia• http://www.broadinstitute.org/ftp/pub/assemblies/
fish/tilapia/Orenil1/• Matching many segments to those known from
other fish• Publically available and freely accessible• Next frontier of genetic program for tilapia
The YY male technology
(GMT®)
Regions of rapid production growth• Vietnam – conversion of catfish cages to tilapia in
Mekong, and culture in all regions• Indonesia – cage culture, polycultures, rice culture• Malaysia – government support and private sector
investment• Bangladesh – government support and private sector
investment• Brasil – lots of available water, labor, land, feed• Thailand – better reporting, shrimp polyculture• Mexico – continued intensification, some govt
support, large and small private investments• Sub-Saharan Africa - commercialization
Mexico 4,623 licensed tilapia
farms out of 9,230 total aquaculture licenses in all of Mexico
20,000 ton Dos Lagos farm in Chiapas
Second farm now started, also by Regal Springs
2013 sales of 1,343,000,000 pesos($103,000,000 US)
Nepal
Live tilapia sales Farmed in south near
Indian border, sold in Kathmandu and Pokhara
Pathways in the use of tilapia as biomanipulator (and disease control?) in
shrimp farms for Vibrios and EMS
Promotion of Chlorella
dominance
Bioturbation of sediment
Production of natural
antimicrobials
Feeding on organic waste
IMPROVED SEDIMENT QUALITY
IMPROVED WATER
QUALITY
SUPRESSION OF GROWTH OF V. harveyi
and V. parahaemolyticus ?
Stocking and harvest schedule
Improvements in packaging
Traditional product forms
Yangon BBQ tilapia
Mexican-American street foods
Courtesy:Randall Brummett
Byproducts - Tilapia Leather
Tilapia skin furniture from Brazil
Tilapia scales for flowers and skins for shoes
Pet treats
Tilapia pedicures and manicures
Global Tilapia Market TrendsPrices have been constant, only fresh fillets have increased
significantly, will not see increases beyond inflation
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Fresh filletFrozen filletWhole FrozenLive$/
kg
36
Tilapia Global Aquaculture Production1
99
0
19
91
19
92
19
93
19
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19
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19
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19
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20
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E
20
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F
20
15
F
0
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4000
5000
6000
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1000 Metric tonnes REAL PRICE (USD/kg)
Sources: 1990-2009: FAO and Kevin Fitzsimmons; 2010-2012: Average of Helga Josupeit and Kevin Fitzsimmons estimates; 2013: Kevin Fitzsimmons; Prices US import frozen tilapia Jan- Jun: NMFS
Farmed Mexican
tilapia fillets in Tucson, Arizona Safeway
$15/kg
Global Aquaculture Tilapia Sales• For year 2000 =US $ 1,615,321,000
(FAO FishStat 2007)
• 2005 sales = $ 2,457,312,000(FAO FishStat 2007)
• 2010 sales = $ 5,680,410,000(FAO FishStat 2012)
• 2012 sales = $ 7,656,257,000(FAO FishStat 2014)
• 2014 sales > $ 10,000,000,000
Bangladesh tilapia aquaculture
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
(es
t)
Met
ric
tons
Future global tilapia aquaculture
0500
1,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,5005,000
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
(est)
2014
(est)
2015
(est)
Met
ric to
ns (0
00)
ISTA 11
Surabaya, Indonesia In conjunction with WAS Asia-Pacific
Chapter Regal Springs, Surya University, Matahari
Sakti Feeds, AquaFish Innovation Lab, WorldFish, andAquaculture without Frontiers
April 26-29, 2016
Conclusions• Global tilapia production was 4,507,002
metric tons in 2012 (FAO, 2014), should exceed 4,850,000 MT in 2014 and 5,000,000 in 2015. (6% growth)
• Constantly improving farming, processing and packaging for food safety, quality assurance, traceability, and environmental safeguards (with little, if any, increase in price).
• Other aquaculture species will follow the tilapia model.
Conclusions
• Tilapia has long been called the aquatic chicken.
• Instead…...
• The “terrestrial tilapia”
Buy TILAPIA
Thank youQuestions?
Tilapia: the most fun aquaculture species of the 21st century
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bh2673ncWJg