timber tower research project by som
DESCRIPTION
This presentation by Skidmore Owings & Merrill shows how a high-rise timber building can be designed to satisfy the intent of building codes. They demonstrate how the structure can be designed to support multi-story gravity and lateral loads while having minimal impact on the architectural, interior or building service designs. In addition, they highlight that the structural material quantities required for high-rise timber structures can be comparable to reinforced concrete structures with the proposed system, suggesting that high-rise timber buildings could be competitive with conventional high-rise construction.TRANSCRIPT
TIMBER TOWER RESEARCH PROJECT BY SOM
Greenbuild 2013 WoodWorks Education Lab Benton Johnson, PE SE Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, LLP [email protected]
© SOM 2013
Learning Objectives
1. Understand how a high-rise timber building can be designed to satisfy the intent of the code.
2. Recognize that the structure can be designed to support multi-story gravity and lateral loads while having minimal impact on the architectural, interior or building service designs.
3. Realize that the structural material quantities required for high-rise timber structures can be comparable to reinforced concrete structures with the proposed system, suggesting that high-rise timber buildings could be competitive with conventional high-rise construction.
4. Appreciate that use of the SOM-developed Concrete Jointed Timber Frame system allows engineers to apply tall building engineering fundamentals to the creation of a more efficient structure with a significantly reduced carbon footprint.
Session Agenda
1. Sustainability and Tall Buildings
2. Research Project Overview
3. Design of Gravity Load Resisting System
4. Design of Lateral Load Resisting System
5. Non-Structural Systems
6. Carbon Footprint Comparison
Research Project
Deliverables: -11x17 Sketches: 33 pages -8.5x11 Report: 68 pages -3D PDF of Structure
© SOM 2013
Basis of the Research
2013: 7.0 billion Total -- 3.5 billion in Cities
2050: 11.0 billion Total -- 7.0 billion in Cities
Basis of the Research
Source: David Dodman, Blaming Cities for Climate Change?
An Analysis of Urban Greenhouse Gas Emissions Inventories, 2009
Basis of the Research
Houston Paris
New York Tokyo
Melbourne Hong Kong
Basis of the Research
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Basis of the Research
Basis of the Research
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Technology
www.structurlam.com
Research Project Overview
© SOM | Hedrich Blessing
Research Project Overview
+417ft
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Research Project Overview
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Design Process
What makes a ‘successful’ building design? -Marketable -Serviceable -Economical -Sustainable
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Successful Design
Marketable Serviceable
Economical Sustainable
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Proposed System
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Marketable
27-29 ft
27
-29
ft
24
ft A
vera
ge
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Marketable
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Marketable
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System Marketability
24’-2” 12.2”
26’-3”
Need ~13.5” th. panel Too much material, not economical
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Floor Structure
We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions?
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Floor Structure
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Floor Structure
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Floor Structure
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Floor Structure
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Floor Structure
We must reduce amount of materials used in the floors, what choices do we have? -Reduce the span? -Add interior columns / walls? -Use beams? -Boundary conditions
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Floor Connections
Typical Framing Plan
Typical Floor Section
Column to Slab Connection
Tension Rebar
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Floor Connections
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Floor Analysis
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Floor Connections
Nov - 2012 Jan - 2013
Feb - 2013 © SOM 2013
Floor Connections
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Floor Connections
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Floor Connections
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Timber /Concrete Material Properties
Select Structural
SPF
5,000 psi
Concrete
C=1,400psi
T=700psi
C =
425psi
135p
si
T = 0psi
= Side
Face
C = 2,500psi – 3,400psi
140-
710psi
T = 500psi – 2,150
psi
= Cut
Face
= Cut
Face
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Torsional Behavior
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Trump Tower Concrete Grades
Trump Tower Material Schedule
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Trump Tower Construction
12,000 psi
12,000 psi
5,000 psi 5,000 psi
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Concrete Column/Floor Joints
Trump Tower Material Schedule
12,000 psi
12,000 psi
12,000 psi 5,000 psi 5,000 psi
Column is 2.2x stronger
than typical floor
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Timber Column/Floor Joints
425 psi
Allowable
1400 psi
Allowable
Column is 3.3x stronger
than typical floor
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Timber Column/Floor Joints
Source: NY Times
http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2012/06/05/science/0605-timber.html
Timber Column/Floor Joints
425 psi
Allowable
1400 psi
Allowable
Beam applies tension
perpendicular to column grain
© SOM 2013
Timber Column / Concrete Floor Joint
1,400 psi
Timber
Column
C=
1,400p
si
C =
2,500 psi
(MIN)
1,400 psi
Timber
Column
2,500 psi
Concrete Joint
The floor is 1.8x stronger
than the column!
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Proposed System
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Proposed System
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Proposed System
Total Lumber: = 12,000 yd3
= 3.9 million board-ft = 1,700 miles of 2x4
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Design Process
What makes a ‘successful’ building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings ->Economical -Sustainable
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
raam-bling.blogspot.com
Proposed System
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
raam-bling.blogspot.com
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
Link Beam Deformation
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
Link Beam Deformation
eastsidetreeworks.com
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
eastsidetreeworks.com
Co
mp
ress
ion
Ten
sio
n
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
treesaregood.org
Proposed System
By Volume: 80% Timber, 20% Concrete By Weight: 45% Timber, 55% Concrete
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Serviceability in Tall Buildings
Expected Differential = 2 to 3”
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Design Process
What makes a ‘successful’ building design? ->Marketable -Serviceable -Tall Buildings -Timber Buildings ->Economical -Sustainable
© SOM 2013
Serviceability - Fire Resistance
Serviceability - Fire Resistance
Serviceability - Fire Resistance
Serviceability - Fire Resistance
Serviceability - Fire Resistance
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Serviceability - Fire Resistance
Serviceability – System Integration
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Serviceability – Acoustics
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Serviceability – Moisture / Durability
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Serviceability – Lower Levels
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Grade
Design Process
What makes a ‘successful’ building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical -Sustainable
© SOM 2013
Sustainability
© SOM | Hedrich Blessing
Sustainability
© SOM 2013
Steel:
Melting Iron Concrete:
Cement Production
Wood:
Kiln Drying
Sustainability
Sustainability
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Sustainability
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Sustainability
Carbon Neutral Energy Sources
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Sustainability – Carbon Sequestration
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Mill
ion M
etr
ic T
ons
Carb
on
Source: USEPA (2010). Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1990-2008, p. 7-14.
Sustainability – Carbon Sequestration
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1990 1995 2000 2005 2009
Mill
ion M
etr
ic T
ons
Carb
on
Source: USEPA (2010). Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, 1990-2008, p. 7-14.
Effective Use of Timber
Total Mat’l = 1.12 cuft/sf C02 Footprint = 75lb/sf
Total Mat’l = 1.14 cuft/sf C02 Footprint = 30lb/sf
Total Mat’l = 1.30 cuft/sf C02 Footprint = 20lb/sf
© SOM 2013
Mountain Pine Beetle – 200+ billion board-ft since 1997 in BC (source: BC Forest Service)
Effective Use of Timber
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How can this material be used most effectively?
Effective Use of Timber
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Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise
Using SOM proposed all-timber system, 200b bd-ft = 13.7 b SF of high-rise
Effective Use of Timber
© SOM 2013
Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise
Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise
Effective Use of Timber
© SOM 2013
Using SOM proposed composite system, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise
Using SOM all-timber & concrete systems, 200b bd-ft = 20.8 b SF of high-rise
Average Material Usage = 1.12 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 30lb/sf
Average Material Usage = 1.25 cuft/sft Average Carbon Footprint = 40lb/sf
Design Process
What makes a ‘successful’ building design? ->Marketable ->Serviceable ->Economical ->Sustainable
© SOM 2013
Concrete Jointed Timber Frame
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Conclusions
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TIMBER TOWER RESEARCH PROJECT BY SOM
© SOM 2013